# NTSB SEA98FA104: Garlick UH-1H, N869W, Couer D'Alene, ID, June 18, 1998 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Field investigation · Final report - Date: June 18, 1998, 08:20 local (15:20 UTC) - Place: Couer D'Alene, ID - Coordinates: 47.590782, -116.910469 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.5908&lon=-116.9105&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report January 11, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 43710 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA98FA104 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/43710/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA98FA104 ## Probable cause Fatigue failure of a reduction drive planetary gear. Factors include an unapproved part and plating process, and uneven terrain at the emergency landing site. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power(total) - mech failure/malf, maneuvering - reduction gear assy,reduction gear - unapproved part (contributing factor) - reduction gear assy,reduction gear - fatigue (cause) - Forced landing, emergency descent/landing - Roll over, emergency landing - terrain condition - rough/uneven (contributing factor) ## Analysis The pilot stated that he heard a loud metallic bang coming from the rear of the aircraft, followed immediately by a loss of power. He elected not to auto-rotate to a landing at the log-landing because of personnel in the vicinity, so he initiated an approach to a logging road adjacent to the log-landing. He landed with skids level, no power, and very low rotor rpm, but felt that he had the road made. After touching down, the helicopter rocked backward and rolled over on its left side. The engine was still running, and the pilot shut it down with the fuel valve. During the course of engine disassembly and inspection, output reduction gearbox damage was found to be consistent with a number one planet gearshaft separation caused by fatigue initiating at the outside diameter of the gear shaft within the shaft/gear web shoulder fillet radius. Laboratory analysis of the remnants of the number one planet gear noted that a cross section through the apparent fatigue origin did not exhibit evidence of material defects; however the fatigue initiation area was obscured as a result of secondary damage. The outer diameter of the planet gear shaft was found to have been plated with chromium or nickel and the case hardness of the carburized case on the planet gear was below that specified by the manufacturer. Investigation determined that none of the three planet gears in this engine were of OEM manufacture. Plating of the planet gear is not an authorized repair procedure, and no military repair procedure was identified authorizing this type of repair. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On June 18, 1998, approximately 0820 pacific daylight time, a Garlick UH-1H, N869W, sustained substantial damage during a forced landing after a loss of power while on approach to disembark logs being carried as an external load in helicopter logging operations. The commercial pilot, the sole occupant, was uninjured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident. The ELT actuated, but did not aid in locating the accident scene. The pilot stated that he heard a loud metallic bang coming from the rear of the aircraft, followed immediately by a loss of power; there was no pronounced yaw, however, the helicopter felt like it did when performing a simulated forced landing on a check ride. The pilot stated that he had about 2500 pounds of load on a 250-foot long line at 40 pounds of torque and about 40 knots airspeed. The pilot noted that he did not believe he heard the engine surge or overspeed, and in the back of his mind it seemed that the engine was running at ground idle, although he had not rolled off the throttle. He jettisoned the long line and load and immediately lowered the collective. He suspected that rotor rpm at that time was about 300 rpm. The pilot elected not to perform a forced landing at the log-landing because of personnel in the vicinity, so he initiated an approach to an overgrown logging road adjacent to the log-landing. He landed with skids level, no power, and very low rotor rpm, but felt that he had the road made. After touching down, the helicopter rocked backward and rolled over on its left side. The engine was still running, and the pilot shut it down with the fuel valve. He stated that there was no warning, no chip lights, and all of the instruments were reading normal just prior to the failure. FAA inspectors who went to the accident scene determined that there was a mechanical anomaly within the engine. The engine was transported to AlliedSignal for further inspection. TESTS AND RESEARCH The engine was partially disassembled and inspected at AlliedSignal in Phoenix in the presence of NTSB investigators. The combustor and turbine sections were removed and externally inspected, but were not disassembled. During the course of disassembly and inspection, output reduction gearbox damage was found to be consistent with a number one planet gearshaft separation caused by fatigue initiating at the outside diameter of the gear shaft. According to AlliedSignal, the resultant separation of the aft planet gear bearing would result in misalignment and interference of the number one planet-gear aft (or primary) gear spline with the sun gear forward (output) spline, resulting in the damage observed to the sun gear and oil deflector. Additional damage within the accessory drive and tachometer and overspeed governor drive gearboxes, and the oil pump, appeared consistent with contamination by metallic debris generated by a number one planet gearshaft separation and subsequent sun gear and oil deflector damage. The planet gear separation of the stub shaft on the forward end of the gear was consistent with fatigue initiating at the outer diameter of the shaft within the shaft/gear web shoulder fillet radius. Laboratory analysis of the remnants of the number one planet gear noted that a cross section through the apparent fatigue origin did not exhibit evidence of material defects; however the fatigue initiation area was obscured as a result of secondary damage. The outer diameter of the planet gear shaft was found to have been plated with chromium or nickel. The thickness of the coating indicated that the outer diameter of the shaft was built-up by approximately .0018 inch at the fracture. The case hardness of the carburized case on the planet gear was below that specified by the manufacturer. Features within the bore of the planet gear, described as rough and irregular (as noted at the time of disassembly), were found to be the result of aggressive machining operations or the use of dull tooling; however, this did not appear to have contributed to the separation. Investigation determined that none of the three planet gears were manufactured by the OEM (original equipment manufacturer), which was acquired by AlliedSignal. Plating of the planet gear is not an authorized repair procedure, and no military repair procedure was identified authorizing this type of repair. Additionally, during inspection, it was found that the timing of the planet gears with respect to the output gear did not meet factory specifications, which the manufacturer believed could contribute to abnormal loads within the output reduction gear train. No pre-existing fuel control or lubrication system conditions were identified which would have caused or contributed to the observed damage. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION The wreckage was released to Kern and Wooley, representative to the owner, on December 11, 1998, while it remained at Horizon Helicopters, Rancho Murieta, California. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N869W](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N869W-2018-01-29), registration cancelled 2018-01-29, S/N 68-15530, built 1968 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Garlick UH-1H - Registry model: [Bell UH-1H](https://openairdocs.org/model/bell-uh-1h) (registry code 1181407) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming T-53 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-t-53-series) (registry code 41549, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 68-15530 - Airframe hours: 6218 - Engines: Lycoming T53-L13BA 1400 horsepower turbo shaft - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Other work use, Part 133 - Registered owner: Horizon Helicopters - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: AAIP, June 12, 1998, 21 hours before - Departed: COEUR D'ALENE, ID ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: helicopter; medical: class 2, valid medical--w/ waivers/lim; seat: left; flight hours: 15,440 total, 6,000 in this make and model, 14,500 as pilot in command, 150 in the last 90 days, 58 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 270° at 5 knots - Visibility: 100 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 70 °F - Altimeter: 29.00 inHg ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19980618014279A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19980618014279A), Jun 18, 1998: Bell UH1H, Coeur D Alene, ID, Substantial damage. Internal failure of the reduction gear box and no continuity between N2 and the powre trubine. Awaiting on teardown. (.4)the pilot stated that he heard a loud… From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.