# NTSB SEA99LA082: Hughes 369D, N8306F, Southbend, WA, June 8, 1999 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: June 8, 1999, 08:15 local (15:15 UTC) - Place: Southbend, WA - Coordinates: 46.559757, -123.879737 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=46.5598&lon=-123.8797&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report November 30, 2000 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB case key (mKey): 46609 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=SEA99LA082 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/46609/pdf - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA99LA082 ## Probable cause The complete loss of power, due to a failure of the compressor impeller disk. Factors include the low altitude of the helicopter at the time of the power loss, and the need to autorotate in a confined area. ## Sequence of events In NTSB's coding before 2008 (https://www.ntsb.gov/GILS/Documents/codman.pdf). - Loss of engine power, maneuvering - compressor assembly,impeller - failure (cause) - Hard landing, descent - emergency - altitude - low, pilot in command (contributing factor) - autorotation - attempted, pilot in command - terrain condition - congested/confined area (contributing factor) ## Analysis Just after releasing his external load, the pilot applied power in order to climb away from the release area. As he applied power, a puff of smoke came from the engine, followed immediately by a complete loss of power. The helicopter then began spinning to the left and descending rapidly. The pilot attempted an autorotation in a confined area, and the aircraft impacted the ground sufficiently hard to result in substantial damage. A teardown inspection of the engine determined that a three-inch section of the compressor impeller disc had separated, leading to total failure of the engine. Metallurgical examination of the impeller revealed that the disc failed due to the propagation of fatigue cracks that initiated in corrosion pits on the aft face of the disc. According to the metallurgist, the corrosion was due to exposure to environmental elements, and not due to repetitive cyclic operation. ## Factual narrative On June 8, 1999, approximately 0815 Pacific daylight time, a Hughes 369D, N8306F, autorotated to a hard landing after a loss of power while maneuvering at low altitude about 13 miles southeast of Southbend, Washington. The commercial pilot received minor injuries, but the aircraft, which was owned and operated by Olympic Air, sustained substantial damage. The 14 CFR Part 133 external load flight was being operated in visual meteorological conditions at the time of the accident. No flight plan had been filed, and there was no report of an ELT activation. According to the pilot, who had completed two 30-minute cycles of cedar shake long-line operation just prior to the accident, after he released the first load of his third cycle, he increased power to climb away from the release location. As he was increasing power, he heard a "loud bang," and the helicopter began to spin to the left and lose altitude rapidly. As the aircraft descended, the pilot attempted to avoid contact with the 60 foot trees that surrounded the release area. Just prior to the helicopter reaching the ground, the pilot applied full-up collective, but it contacted the surface hard enough to sustain substantial damage. According to witnesses, just after the pilot released the shake bundle, a puff of smoke came out of the engine exhaust, followed almost immediately by the loss of engine power. As part of the investigation, the engine was removed from the aircraft and shipped to Air Services International, in Scottsdale, Arizona. At that location, the NTSB supervised an inspection teardown of the engine sub-assemblies. During that inspection, it was determined that a three inch section of the compressor impeller disc had separated from the impeller, and substantial damage had occurred to the engine components downstream from the separated disc section. The impeller was then sent to both the Rolls-Royce Allison and NTSB metallurgical laboratories for further examination. These examinations determined that the disc had failed due to the propagation of fatigue cracks that had initiated in corrosion pits in the relief area outboard of the Balance Piston Seal on the aft side of the disc. No anomalies or discrepancies were found in the chemistry, hardness, or machining of the disc material. Both laboratories indicated that the corrosion pits were not the result of repetitive cyclic operation, but instead created by exposure to environmental elements, possible even while in storage as a spare part. The metallurgist also reported that there were other corrosion pits present in the area near where the cracks initiated. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N8306F](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N8306F), registered now, S/N 380274D, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Hughes 369D - Registry model: [Hughes Helicopters HUGHES 369D](https://openairdocs.org/model/hughes-helicopters-hughes-369d) (registry code 4470706) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Allison 250 SER 400HP](https://openairdocs.org/engine/allison-250-ser-400hp) (registry code 03013, turbo-shaft) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Helicopter - Serial number: 2740 - Airframe hours: 11504 - Engines: Allison C20-B 420 horsepower turbo shaft - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Other work use, Part 133 - Registered owner: Olympic Air, Inc. - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, May 20, 1999, 9 hours before ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane, helicopter; medical: class 2, valid medical--no waivers/lim.; seat: left; flight hours: 25,000 total, 12,000 in this make and model, 25,000 as pilot in command ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 235° at 5 knots - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 2,000 ft broken - Temperature: 50 °F ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 19990608006659A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/19990608006659A), Jun 8, 1999: Hughes 369D, South Bend, WA, Substantial damage. 1978 Hughes 369D helicopter was involved in an external load operation when the acft engine failed, the pilot autorotated the acft, and the acft made a hard… ## Other investigations on N8306F (4) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB SEA97LA118](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA97LA118), May 21, 1997: Hughes 369D (N8306F), Moclips, WA, substantial damage. Probable cause: Inadequate installation of the fuel control by company maintenance personnel and a loose nut on a line. A disconnected Pc line was a factor. - [NTSB SEA90LA081](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA90LA081), May 21, 1990: Hughes 369D (N8306F), Kelso, WA, no damage, 1 fatal. Probable cause: FAILURE OF THE PILOT TO KEEP THE EXTERNAL LOAD CLEAR OF OBSTACLES (TREES). FACTORS RELATED TO THE ACCIDENT WERE: FAILURE OF THE PILOT AND GROUND CREWMAN TO FOLLOW SAFETY PROCEDURES, AND THE PROXIMITY… - [NTSB SEA85LA053](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/SEA85LA053), Feb 4, 1985: Hughes 369D (N8306F), Taholah, WA, destroyed - [NTSB DEN79FTE19](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/DEN79FTE19), Jan 21, 1979: Hughes 500D (N8306F), Marble, CO, substantial damage From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.