# NTSB WPR10FA120: Piper PA-28-181, N293PA, Phoenix, AZ, January 28, 2010 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: January 28, 2010, 08:37 local (15:37 UTC) - Place: Phoenix, AZ - Coordinates: 33.690277, -112.115837 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.6903&lon=-112.1158&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report October 4, 2012 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Piper Aircraft Company, Lycoming Engines, Federal Aviation Adminstration, TransPac Aviation Academy - NTSB case key (mKey): 75314 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR10FA120 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/75314/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75314 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10FA120 ## Probable cause The student pilot’s decision to take off in marginal visual flight rules conditions, which resulted in an encounter with low clouds, and the pilot's failure to maintain clearance from wires while maneuvering in the traffic pattern for landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Object/animal/substance: wire](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Response/compensation (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-181, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md?model=7102807), [All aircraft, 588 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md) - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: low ceiling](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Decision related to condition (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-181, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md?model=7102807), [All aircraft, 190 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035010/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041500): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-181, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041500/cases.md?model=7102807), [All aircraft, 25 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041500/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: VFR encounter with IMC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-181, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md?model=7102807), [All aircraft, 392 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/401/sequence.md) - [Approach-VFR pattern base: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120); cases with it: [Piper PA-28-181, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md?model=7102807), [All aircraft, 1,074 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md) ## Analysis Shortly after takeoff for the student pilot’s second solo cross-country flight, she was advised by the air traffic controller to make a departure on the right downwind leg of the traffic pattern. While on the downwind leg, the pilot requested to return to the airport and make a full-stop landing. The controller instructed the pilot to continue the right-hand pattern and to follow the traffic in front of her. The controller then inquired if she needed assistance, to which she responded “because of ceiling.” The controller again advised her to follow the traffic in front of her, and she responded that she had it in sight. The controller then cleared her to land, which she acknowledged. The controller subsequently asked the pilot if she had the runway in sight, after which a short inaudible transmission was received. A review of the radar data indicated that the pilot was following a normal right-hand traffic pattern until the base leg, where she overflew the final approach for the runway. Witnesses in the area reported seeing the airplane flying very low before hearing a loud bang. The airplane impacted a low wire span about 30 feet above ground level and continued another 400 feet before hitting another set of wires and crashing into a field. The weather reported in the area at the time by witnesses and first responders was low clouds and fog. It is likely that the pilot either encountered the low clouds or was attempting to remain below the clouds when the collision with the wires occurred. Postaccident examination of the airplane and engine did not reveal evidence of a mechanical failure or malfunction that would have precluded normal operation. Visual flight rules (VFR) conditions existed over most of western Arizona; however, the accident site bordered the area between marginal VFR and VFR conditions. The weather observation at the time of the accident included a 1,000-foot broken cloud layer with 5 miles of visibility. ## Factual narrative HISTORY OF FLIGHT On January 28, 2010, at 0837 mountain standard time (MST), a Piper PA28-181, N293PA, collided with wires while attempting to return to the airport at Phoenix Deer Valley Airport (DVT), Phoenix, Arizona. Transpac Aviation Academy was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. The student pilot was killed; the airplane sustained substantial damage by impact forces. The solo cross-country instructional flight departed DVT at 0831 with a planned destination of Wickenburg, Arizona. Marginal visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. The student pilot departed DVT using runway 07R, and shortly after takeoff requested to return to the airport due to reduced visibility. Witnesses in the area reported seeing the airplane flying at a very low altitude and then hearing one loud bang, and a few seconds later another loud bang. Two witnesses reported that they heard the engine of the airplane prior to the impact. A review of the radar data showed the airplane following a normal right hand traffic pattern for landing on runway 07R, until on base where it overflew the final approach for both runway 07R & 07L. The last radar return is in the area of one of the witnesses and the first identified impact point. Witnesses and first responders reported that the weather at the accident site was low clouds and foggy. The accident site was at the south base of Adobe Mountain, which was about 300 feet higher than the main wreckage site. First responders stated that the clouds obscured the top half of Adobe Mountain. The first identified point of impact was with power lines, which were suspended about 30 feet above ground level. Pieces of the airplane tail and rudder sections were found under the power lines. The second impact point was a power pole, which was located 400 feet from the first point of impact on a heading of 114 degrees. The power lines that were attached to the power pole were entangled in the tail and the propeller of the airplane. The wreckage was documented on site and recovered for further examination. PERSONNEL INFORMATION A review of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) airman records revealed that the 24 year old student pilot held a combined student pilot and aviation medical certificate. The pilot held a third-class medical certificate issued on October 28, 2009. It had no limitations or waivers. An examination of the pilot's logbook indicated an estimated total flight time of 67.8 hours. The accident flight was the pilot’s second solo cross-country flight. The pilot had completed her first solo cross-country flight on January 27, 2010. METEOROLOGICAL INFORMATION A staff meteorologist for the National Transportation Safety Board prepared a factual report, which included the weather for the departure area route of flight. The closest official weather observation station was Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, Phoenix, Arizona (DVT), which was onenautical miles (nm) northwest of the accident site. The elevation of the weather observation station was 1,478 feet mean sea level (msl). A special aviation routine weather report (METAR) for DVT was issued at 1038 MST. It stated: winds from 280 degrees at 3 knots; visibility 5 miles; skies 1,000 feet broken scattered, 1,600 broken, 3,300 overcast; temperature 14 degrees Celsius; dew point 9 degrees Celsius; altimeter 29.94 inches of mercury. Visual flight rule (VFR) conditions were depicted over most of western Arizona. The accident site bordered the area between Marginal Visual Flight Rules (MVFR) and VFR conditions. COMMUNICATIONS The pilot was in contact with Deer Valley airport traffic control tower controllers. The pilot had departed using runway 07R, and had been advised to make a right downwind departure. However, when the airplane was downwind after takeoff, the pilot requested to make a “full stop.” The controller advised her to continue right pattern traffic, and to follow the mid-field traffic in front of her. The controller asked the pilot “do you require assistance?” The pilot responded “because of ceiling.” The controller advised her to follow the traffic in front of her, which she advised she had in sight after the controller told her it was on the base leg of runway 07R. The pilot was then cleared to land on runway 07R, and the pilot acknowledged that she was cleared to land on runway 07R. At 08:36:35 the controller asked the pilot if she saw the airport. There was a short transmission that was unreadable. No further communication was established between the controller and the pilot. The controller stated that it appeared that the pilot had overshot the final approach to runway 07R before he lost contact. MEDICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL INFORMATION The Maricopa County Coroner completed an autopsy on the pilot on January 29, 2010. The cause of death was determined to be due to multiple blunt force injuries. The FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, performed toxicological testing of specimens of the pilot. Analysis of the specimens contained no findings for carbon monoxide, cyanide, volatiles, and tested drugs. TESTS AND RESEARCH Investigators examined the wreckage at Air Transport, Phoenix, Arizona, on January 29, 2010. The airframe and engine were examined with no mechanical anomalies identified that would preclude normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N293PA](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N293PA-2011-07-14), registration cancelled 2011-07-14, S/N 2843503, built 2002 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA-28-181 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-181](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-181) (registry code 7102807) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-360-series) (registry code 41575, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 2843503 - Airframe hours: 9127 - Engines: LYCOMING O-360 SERIES 180 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Transpac Aviation Academy - Registered owner: Bird Acquisition LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility; Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, January 20, 2010, 36 hours before - Departed: DVT, Phoenix, AZ - Destination: E25, Wickenburg, AZ - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: DVT, Phoenix Deer Valley Airport ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Student pilot; age 24; injuries: fatal; student; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 68 total, 68 in this make and model, 7 as pilot in command, 68 in the last 90 days, 34 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Day - Wind: 90° at 3 knots - Visibility: 8 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: 1,900 ft broken - Temperature: 52 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: DVT, 2 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20100128026509A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20100128026509A), Jan 28, 2010: Piper PA-28-181, Deer Valley, AZ, Destroyed, 1 fatal. Z1531:36, student pilot, jingduo zhai (amy), was cleared for departure from Deer Valley airport on runway 7R. After departure, she reached cruising altitude at… ## Docket (16 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 5, 2012, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75314. 46.3 MB in all. - Meteorology 5 - Factual Report of Group Chairman (9 Embedded Images) (item 1, .PDF, 9 photos, 3.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40370981&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Meteorology%205%20-%20Factual%20Report%20of%20Group%20Chairman%20(9%20Embedded%20Images)-Master.PDF - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 2, .PDF, 598 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369353&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - E-mailed Witness Statement to FAA (item 3, .PDF, 178 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40372018&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=E-mailed%20Witness%20Statement%20to%20FAA-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement - Ayala (item 4, .PDF, 218 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40372019&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement%20-%20Ayala-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement- Mayfield (item 5, .PDF, 192 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369358&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-%20Mayfield-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement - Tauchmann (item 6, .PDF, 194 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40372020&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement%20-%20Tauchmann-Redacted.PDF - Witness Statement-OConnell (item 7, .PDF, 187 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369360&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement-OConnell-Redacted.PDF - ATC Controllers Statements (item 8, .PDF, 618 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369364&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=ATC%20Controllers%20Statements-Redacted.PDF - Wreckage Diagram (item 9, .PDF, 488 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369361&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Wreckage%20Diagram-Master.PDF - Transcription of Communications between N293PA and Local DVT Controller. (item 10, .PDF, 109 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369362&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Transcription%20of%20Communications%20between%20N293PA%20and%20Local%20DVT%20Controller.-Master.PDF - Party Report - Piper (5 Embedded Photos) (item 11, .PDF, 5 photos, 2.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40372012&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Party%20Report%20-%20Piper%20(5%20Embedded%20Photos)-Redacted.PDF - Party Report- Lycoming (item 12, .PDF, 203 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40370651&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Party%20Report-%20Lycoming-Redacted.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 13, .PDF, 71 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369369&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 14, .PDF, 33 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369370&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Redacted.PDF - Toxicological Report- Zhai (item 15, .PDF, 110 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369367&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-%20Zhai-Master.PDF - Phoenix PD On Scene Photos (item 16, .PDF, 207 photos, 37.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40369373&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Phoenix%20PD%20On%20Scene%20Photos-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.