# NTSB WPR10LA169: Ultramagic S-160, N30048, Rancho Santa Fe, CA, March 18, 2010 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: March 17, 2010, 18:55 local (Mar 18, 2010, 01:55 UTC) - Place: Rancho Santa Fe, CA - Coordinates: 32.992778, -117.169166 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.9928&lon=-117.1692&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 3 serious, 6 uninjured - Status: Completed, report July 12, 2011 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 75550 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR10LA169 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/75550/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75550 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR10LA169 ## Probable cause A reduction of burner/heat production due to low fuel. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's continued flight with a low fuel status. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Object/animal/substance: wire](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 588 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022032/cases.md) - [Wind](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000/cases.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 110 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034000/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342); cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Ultramagic S-160, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=9130006), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that as the air tour balloon flight progressed, the wind moving the balloon gradually dissipated to a calm state. He stated that to reach his selected landing site, he needed to cross over some high power transmission wires; however, the balloon's three burners failed to produce full power and he elected to land short of the transmission wires. He performed an emergency descent by pulling the top out of the envelope and subsequently, the balloon landed hard. During the landing, three passengers were injured, and the envelope snagged on several trees resulting in substantial damage to the envelope. According to the pilot, at the time of the landing, each of the three 20-gallon fuel tanks was approximately 15 to 20 percent full. A balloon repair station owner reported that burner utilization during flight is either FULL on or totally off (except for the pilot light). When the fuel level of a tank is between approximately 10 to 20 percent, the liquid propane will begin to cavitate in a vortex manner due to the rapid evacuation of fuel through the fuel tank's liquid dip tube, which supplies each respective burner via a fuel hose. When this occurs, there is a discernible difference in the sound of a burner, a pulsing woof-woof, and the power output/thermal output is dramatically reduced. The Flight Manual for the balloon stated in the landing section: "Burner, connect if possible to a fuel cylinder filled to at least 40 percent of its capacity." Additionally, the Flight Manual states "Any contact with electric power lines is extremely dangerous and should be avoided at all costs." ## Factual narrative On March 17, 2010, approximately 1855 Pacific daylight time, an Ultramagic S-160 balloon, N30048, sustained substantial damage when it landed hard near Rancho Santa Fe, California. The commercial pilot and five of his passengers were not injured; however, three passengers received serious injuries. Panorama Balloon Tours was operating the balloon under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the commercial air tour flight, which originated approximately 55 minutes before the accident. A flight plan had not been filed. The pilot reported that as the flight progressed, the wind moving the balloon south-eastward gradually dissipated to a becalmed state. The pilot stated that he had selected a landing spot, but needed to cross over some high power transmission wires to reach it. However, the pilot reported that the balloon's three burners failed to produce their full power and he elected to land short of the power lines. In order to avoid drifting into the power lines, he pulled the top out of the envelope and the balloon landed hard. The envelope snagged on several trees resulting in major damage to the envelope. The pilot reported that at the time of the landing, each of the three 20-gallon fuel tanks were approximately 15 to 20 percent full. This equates to approximately 3 to 4 gallons of fuel in each tank at the time of the accident. A balloon repair station owner said burner utilization during flight is either FULL on or totally off (except for the pilot light). When the fuel level of a tank is between approximately 10 and 20 percent, the liquid propane will begin to cavitate in a vortex manner due to the rapid evacuation of the fuel through the fuel tank's liquid dip tube, which supplies each respective burner via a fuel hose. When this occurs, there is a discernible difference in the sound of a burner, a pulsing woof-woof, and the power output/thermal output is dramatically reduced. The Flight Manual for Ultramagic Hot Air Balloons suggests that each burner have two separate fuel supplies as an additional safety factor. The manufacturer also recommends, if possible, that landings should be made with burners connected to fuel tanks filled to at least 40 percent capacity. The Flight Manual states that the fuel gauges affixed to the top of each tank will not begin to register until it is at least 25 percent full of fuel. Additionally, the Flight Manual states, "Any contact with electrical power lines is extremely dangerous and should be avoided at all costs." ## Aircraft - Registration: [N30048](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N30048), registered now, S/N 160/27 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: ULTRAMAGIC S-160 - Registry model: [Ultramagic S-160](https://openairdocs.org/model/ultramagic-s-160) (registry code 9130006) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [NONE](https://openairdocs.org/engine/none) (registry code 00000, none) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Balloon - Serial number: 160/27 - Airframe hours: 417 - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial observation, Part 91 - Operator: Panorama Balloon Tours - Registered owner: Jamie Charland - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 1, 2009 - Departed: NONE, Encinitas, CA - Destination: NONE, Rancho Santa Fe, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 45; injuries: none; commercial; last flight review August 21, 2008; seat: left; flight hours: 590 total, 88 in this make and model, 496 as pilot in command, 40 in the last 90 days, 14 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 270° at 3 knots - Visibility: 5 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 66 °F, dew point 45 °F - Altimeter: 29.90 inHg - Observed at: CRQ, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20100317030889A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20100317030889A), Mar 17, 2010: Ultramagic S-160, San Diego, CA, Substantial damage. The pilot stated that he departed on a balloon sight seeing flight at approximately 1800 with eight passengers. He began the flight with three full 20 gallon… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 11, 2011, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=75550. 782 KB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 467 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40347453&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Record of Conversation with G Hahn Regarding Balloon Repair and Flight Manual (item 2, .PDF, 66 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40347454&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20with%20G%20Hahn%20Regarding%20Balloon%20Repair%20and%20Flight%20Manual-Master.PDF - Ultramagic Flight Manual (item 3, .PDF, 250 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40347455&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Ultramagic%20Flight%20Manual-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.