# NTSB WPR11LA443: Cessna 152, N4649L, Redlands, CA, September 6, 2011 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: September 6, 2011, 10:05 local (17:05 UTC) - Place: Redlands, CA - Coordinates: 34.084999, -117.14611 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=34.0850&lon=-117.1461&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed, report November 3, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 81767 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR11LA443 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/81767/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=81767 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR11LA443 ## Probable cause The flight instructor’s delayed remedial action and failure to maintain airplane control while performing a simulated aborted landing. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 115 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md) - [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 15 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-flare/touchdown: Abnormal runway contact](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 41 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 1,506 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/090/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 41 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300); cases with it: [Cessna 152, 38 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2071835), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that, during a solo training flight, which included an unusual attitude recovery from an aborted landing, he told the student pilot to set up the approach. As the airplane entered the landing flare, the flight instructor pitched the airplane for a higher-than-normal attitude to simulate a balloon effect. Once the airplane started to "slow/stall," the flight instructor told the student pilot to perform a go-around. The student pilot advanced the throttle full forward, but it took "a full second" for the engine to achieve full power, and, by that time, the airplane had stalled and was left of the runway centerline. The flight instructor took the controls and corrected the airplane to the right. The airplane subsequently struck the runway in a left-wing-low attitude, bounced two times, and came to rest adjacent to the runway. A witness to the accident reported that the engine was producing power at the time of the accident. ## Factual narrative On September 6, 2011, at 1005 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 152, N4649L, landed hard on runway 26 at Redlands Municipal Airport (REI), Redlands, California. Accelerated 360 operated the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 as an instructional flight. The certified flight instructor (CFI) and student were not injured. The airplane sustained substantial damage to the left wing. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the local area flight, and no flight plan had been filed.The CFI reported that part of the preparation training for a flight students' first solo was to cover ballooning and recovery procedures from a failed landing. They had already been flying for an hour when the CFI realized that she had not covered that portion of the flight. The CFI had the student set up for the maneuver by making a fast approach. Once they were in the flare for landing, the CFI pitched the nose up higher than the normal pitch attitude angle, which simulated the balloon affect. Once the airplane began to slow/stall, they proceeded to end the maneuver. She instructed the student to perform a go around. The student applied full power by advancing the throttle; however, it took a full second for the engine to achieve full power. By that time, the airplane had stalled and was left of centerline. The CFI reported that she corrected the airplane to the right, but that the airplane was falling quickly. It struck the ground, the nose wheel snapped off, and then the propeller struck the ground. The airplane remained upright, and slid forward to a stop. According to a witness on the tarmac at the time of the accident, he heard the airplane, turned toward the runway, and saw the airplane rolling westbound down the runway. At that point all three wheels were on the ground. He stated that the airplane did not have enough power to take off, but had too much power to have just landed. He continued to watch the airplane to see if it was going to try and takeoff again. The witness stated that he thought the airplane had a medium power setting. He watched the airplane as it ballooned off the ground at an approximate angle of 45 degrees. It reached a height of about 50 feet, and then dipped back down toward the runway. The left wing struck the ground, and then bounced off the runway again, this time reaching an approximate height of 30 feet above the ground. At this point the airplane was in a nose down attitude and impacted the ground adjacent to the runway. The witness went to render assistance, and as the CFI exited the airplane, she indicated that she was at the flight controls at the time of the accident. The pilot did not complete the National Transportation Safety Board Pilot/Operator aircraft Accident/Incident Form, 6120.1/2. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4649L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N4649L-2015-08-11), registration cancelled 2015-08-11, S/N 15284206, built 1980 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 152 - Registry model: [Cessna 152](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-152) (registry code 2071835) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-235 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-235-series) (registry code 41505, 4 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 15284206 - Year built: 1980 - Engines: LYCOMING O-235-L2C 115 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Accelerated 360 - Registered owner: Sky Gate Aviation Inc - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Utility - Departed: REI, Redlands, CA - Destination: REI, Redlands, CA - Airport: REI, Redlands Municipal Airport, runway 26, 4,505 × 75 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Flight instructor; age 28; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, without waivers/limitations; seat: right ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 88 °F, dew point 48 °F - Altimeter: 29.94 inHg - Observed at: SBD, 4 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20110906022709A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20110906022709A), Sep 6, 2011: Cessna 152, Redlands, CA, Substantial damage. Redlands, CA (rei): N4649L, C152, student pilot landed hard and ran off runway 26 at Redlands airport (rei) at 061000PDT. POB: 2, injuries: none, damage:… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 26, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=81767. 75 KB in all. - Witness Statement (item 1, .PDF, 13 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40416897&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statement%20-Redacted.PDF - CFI Statement (item 2, .PDF, 11 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40416898&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=CFI%20Statement%20-Master.PDF - Student Statement (item 3, .PDF, 51 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40416899&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Student%20Statement-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.