# NTSB WPR13LA125: Temco D-16A, N716T, Heber, CA, February 16, 2013 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: February 15, 2013, 16:00 local (Feb 16, 2013, 00:00 UTC) - Place: Heber, CA - Coordinates: 32.751667, -115.518608 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.7517&lon=-115.5186&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 1 minor - Status: Completed, report June 2, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 86240 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR13LA125 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/86240/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=86240 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR13LA125 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power during cruise flight due to fuel exhaustion. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s inadequate preflight and fuel planning. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Fluids: fuel](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010): Aircraft › Fluids/misc hardware · Fluid level (probable cause); cases with it: [Temco D-16A, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md?model=9230604), [All aircraft, 1,695 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01071010/cases.md) - [Planning/preparation: fuel planning](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Temco D-16A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md?model=9230604), [All aircraft, 719 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061030/cases.md) - [Inspection: preflight inspection](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Temco D-16A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md?model=9230604), [All aircraft, 551 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02061510/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Fuel exhaustion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192) (defining event); cases with it: [Temco D-16A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md?model=9230604), [All aircraft, 804 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/192/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot departed for what he anticipated would be a 1-hour cross-country flight. The airplane's two engines were supplied with fuel from a single main tank that he said contained 42 gallons at departure; however, he did not check the fuel quantity during his preflight inspection.. The pilot estimated the airplane burned 20 gallons of fuel per hour. As he neared his destination, both engines simultaneously stopped producing power. He turned on both fuel boost pumps, and both engines restarted. After about 1 minute, they shut down once again. He performed a forced landing to a muddy field. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed no fuel in the airplane's main fuel tank and no indications of fuel leaks. The airplane had just received an annual inspection. Fuel records indicated that 20 gallons were added to the airplane's main fuel tank 13 days before the annual inspection was signed off. The accident flight was the first flight since the annual inspection, and the airplane's hour meter reading at the time of the accident indicated it had been flown 1.5 hours since the inspection was completed. The pilot said that he encountered a 30-knot headwind on the flight and that he had mistakenly programmed his GPS for the VORTAC, which was about 7 nautical miles past his destination airport. Regardless, had the pilot performed an adequate preflight inspection of the main fuel tank and adequate preflight calculations, he would have likely determined before departure that there was inadequate fuel to reach his destination. ## Factual narrative On February 15, 2013, about 1600 Pacific standard time, a Temco D-16A (Twin Navion), N716T, was substantially damaged during a forced landing following the simultaneous loss of total power from both engines near Heber, California. The private pilot, the sole occupant, received minor injuries. The pilot/owner was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal cross-country flight, which had originated from Chino, California, about 1.5 hours before the accident. A flight plan had not been filed. The pilot said that "on or about" February 1, 2013, he pulled the airplane out of its hangar at Chino Airport and ran the engines for about 15 minutes to allow him to drain the oil in preparation for an annual inspection. The pilot further said that "at this time, the fuel truck arrived and we filled the main fuel tank." (Review of fuel receipts indicated that the airplane was fueled with 20 gallons of 100LL aviation gasoline on January 29, 2013). Over the next several days, the pilot and his mechanic performed an owner-assisted annual inspection. The mechanic said that upon completion of the inspection, the airplane needed a new battery, so he did not perform post-inspection engine runs. The next day the owner/pilot installed a new battery and checked the fuel system for leaks and found none. Additionally, the mechanic had requested the owner/pilot perform engine runs. The completion of this was confirmed by the pilot/owner by telephone. The annual was signed off by the mechanic on February 12, 2013, at an hour meter time of 1,732 hours (airframe total time 2,933 hours). On February 15, 2013, the pilot was planning to fly to Imperial County Airport, Imperial, California. The pilot said he departed with 42 gallons of fuel in the main tank. He thought his flight time would be about 1 hour, and the airplane had an average fuel burn rate of 20 gallons per hour. As he approached his destination, both engines "quit" simultaneously. He turned on both fuel boost pumps, and both engines restarted. After about 1 minute they shut down once again. He performed a forced landing to a freshly irrigated carrot field. During the landing roll, in the soft, muddy field, the left wing sustained substantial damage. Postaccident recovery of the airplane, in the presence of a Federal Aviation Administration inspector, revealed no fuel in the airplane's tanks and no indications of fuel leaks. The lack of damage to both propellers indicated that the engines were not running at the time of touch down. The airplane's Hobbs meter read 1,733.5, indicating that the airplane had flown 1.5 hours since the annual inspection. A friend of the pilot, who had a hangar next to the pilot's hangar at Chino Airport, reported that the airplane had two nacelle fuel tanks and two wing tip tanks that fed to a single main fuel tank, which was located in the right wing root. After the accident, he askedthe pilot if he had "stuck" the main fuel tank before flight to determine the quantity of fuel, and the pilot replied "no, because he had plenty of fuel." The pilot told him that he thought it would take him less than 50 minutes to fly the 130-nautical-mile flight. The pilot also told him that he had encountered a 30-knot headwind on the flight and that he had mistakenly programmed his GPS for the Imperial VORTAC, which was about 7 nautical miles past the Imperial County Airport. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N716T](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N716T-2014-11-13), registration cancelled 2014-11-13, S/N TTN-84, built 1948 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: TEMCO D-16A - Registry model: [Temco D-16A](https://openairdocs.org/model/temco-d-16a) (registry code 9230604) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-340 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-340-series) (registry code 41510, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: TTN-84 - Airframe hours: 3000 - Engines: Lycoming O-320 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Hamilton Gay M - Registered owner: Hamilton Gay M - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, February 12, 2013 - Departed: CNO, Chino, CA - Destination: IPL, Imperial, CA ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 76; injuries: minor; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; last flight review November 15, 2012; seat: left; flight hours: 7,700 total, 750 in this make and model, 7,700 as pilot in command, 10 in the last 30 days, 2 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 18 °F - Altimeter: 30.15 inHg - Observed at: IPL, 6 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20130215002409A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20130215002409A), Feb 15, 2013: Temco D-16A, Hebner, CA, Substantial damage. Acft received 20 gallons of fuel on 1/29/13. On or about the first of February, the pilot [privacy data omitted] ran both engines for approximately 15 minutes.… ## Docket (11 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 1, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=86240. 4.8 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 573 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411815&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Pilot Statement (item 2, .PDF, 272 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411816&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Master.PDF - Record of Conversation - Owner of Hangar Next to Accident Airplane (item 3, .PDF, 56 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411817&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20Owner%20of%20Hangar%20Next%20to%20Accident%20Airplane-Master.PDF - Drawing of Twin Navion D-16A (item 4, .PDF, 296 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411818&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Drawing%20of%20Twin%20Navion%20D-16A-Master.PDF - Hobbs Meter at Accident Site (item 5, .PDF, 92 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411819&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Hobbs%20Meter%20at%20Accident%20Site-Master.PDF - Statement from IA Mechanic that Performed Annual Inspection (item 6, .PDF, 165 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411825&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20from%20IA%20Mechanic%20that%20Performed%20Annual%20Inspection-Redacted.PDF - Maintenance Records (item 7, .PDF, 185 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411826&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Maintenance%20Records-Redacted.PDF - Fuel Receipt (item 8, .PDF, 98 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411827&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Fuel%20Receipt-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1. Wreckage Removal (item 9, .PDF, 890 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411820&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201.%20Wreckage%20Removal-Master.PDF - Photo 2. Wreckage Removal (item 10, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411821&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%202.%20Wreckage%20Removal-Master.PDF - Photo 3. Wreckage Removal (item 11, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40411822&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%203.%20Wreckage%20Removal-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.