# NTSB WPR13LA210: Piper PA46-500TP, N2589U, Bryce, UT, April 29, 2013 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: April 28, 2013, 19:59 local (Apr 29, 2013, 01:59 UTC) - Place: Bryce, UT - Coordinates: 37.70639, -112.145835 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=37.7064&lon=-112.1458&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 6 uninjured - Status: Completed, report August 11, 2015 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA FSDO, Piper Aircraft - NTSB case key (mKey): 86749 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR13LA210 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/86749/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=86749 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR13LA210 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to establish the minimum liftoff speed during takeoff with the airplane over its maximum gross weight, which resulted in the airplane’s failure to climb and a subsequent loss of directional control and a runway excursion. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) - [Action: incorrect action performance](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 1,386 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041015/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 11 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Aircraft capability: maximum weight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not specified (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035/cases.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 152 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01061035/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 12 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Takeoff: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA46-500TP, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=7104622), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that, during the takeoff roll, as the airplane was about 80 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS) and as he was pulling the control yoke back per his normal practice, the airplane lifted off the runway, but it would not climb higher than about 10 to 20 ft above ground level. He further reported that the takeoff rotation occurred about 3,100 ft down the 7,395-ft-long runway, that the airplane's nose rose to a higher pitch attitude than expected, and that the tail felt heavy or "squishy." The pilot reduced the throttle setting to lower the airplane's nose, but the airplane entered a left yaw with the left wing down. The pilot reapplied full throttle, but the airplane rolled slightly left. At this point, the airplane was over the dirt area between the main runway and the adjacent taxiway. The pilot suspected that the main landing gear dragged at different points with the airplane's nose still in a high-pitch attitude. The fuselage struck the ground, and the airplane subsequently slid to a stop. A postaccident examination of the airframe and engine revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. According to the Pilot's Operating Handbook, given the reported meteorological conditions at the time of takeoff, the airplane's normal rotation speed would have been 82 KIAS for a 0-degree flap configuration at the maximum gross weight of 5,092 lbs, and the liftoff speed would have been 85 KIAS; the airplane's computed gross weight at the time of the accident was 5,218 lbs. In addition, the normal takeoff ground roll would have been 3,150 ft, and 4,800 ft would have been required to clear a 50-ft obstacle. Based on the evidence, it is likely that the pilot rotated the airplane at a slower airspeed than the published normal rotation speed with the airplane over its maximum gross weight limit and that the airplane was unable to climb after liftoff. The airplane's high-pitch attitude also likely prevented it from accelerating once the airplane lifted off. ## Factual narrative Weight and Balance The pilot stated that weight and balance was done electronically on the G1000 system at the beginning of the flight. The G1000 added fuel weight into the system, and the pilot input passenger and baggage to get total weight. This was done prior to the flight leaving Heber at 5,600 ft. Due to the higher field elevation on the return flight (8,000 ft in Bryce), the pilot chose to only add 200 pounds of fuel. The airplane held 173 gallons of fuel. The pilot reported that the tanks were 1/2 full when the additional 200 pounds were added. At 6.7 pounds per gallon, this computed to 780 pounds of fuel. Using occupant weights as provided and in the indicated seating arrangement, the total weight computed to be 5,218 pounds. Piper determined performance parameters for the listed weather conditions. They reported that the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH) listed the normal rotation speed for the Meridian as 82 KIAS for a 0-degree flap configuration at the maximum gross weight of 5,092 pounds. The liftoff speed would have been 85 KIAS. Normal takeoff ground roll would have been 3,150 feet, and 4,800 feet was required to clear a 50-foot obstacle. The airplane was a Piper low-wing, single-engine turboprop, serial number 4697513. The Hobbs hour meter indicated a total airframe and engine time of 66 hours. The engine was a Pratt & Whitney Canada (PWC) PT6A-42, serial number RM0568. The Airport/ Facility Directory, Southwest U. S., indicated that runway 03 was 7,395 feet long and 75 feet wide. The runway surface was asphalt. On April 28, 2013, about 1959 mountain daylight time, a Piper PA46-500TP, N2589U, experienced a runway excursion at Bryce Canyon Airport, Bryce, Utah. The pilot/owner was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. The private pilot and five passengers were not injured; the airplane sustained substantial damage. The cross-country personal flight was departing with a planned destination of Heber City, Utah. Visual meteorological (VMC) conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. The pilot reported departing Heber around 1600 for a local sightseeing flight. After flying around about 1 hour, the plan changed to flying to Bryce for dinner. After dinner, the pilot checked automated terminal information service (ATIS), which showed winds to be insignificant. Looking at the sock on the field, the sock was lying limp, but pointing gently to the east, slightly favoring taking off to the north. The pilot stated that this airplane normally began to fly itself off the runway about 77 knots indicated airspeed (KIAS), which occurred again at this time. At 80 KIAS, he pulled back as was his normal practice. The airplane left the runway, but would not climb more than about 10 to 20 feet off the runway. The first thought was to land again, so the pilot began pulling power, and then realized that the airplane had drifted left off the runway. At that time, he made the decision togive full power to attempt to climb out of the problem. The airplane was very nose-high at this time, and still drifting left. It cleared the taxiway, at which time the tail struck the ground. The tail continued to drag for a short distance, at which time the fuselage struck the ground, and slid to a stop. There was an immediate engine fire, so the pilot ordered the passengers to get out of the airplane, pulled the emergency fuel cutoff valve, and completed an emergency shutdown procedure. The fire went out in seconds, and there were no injuries. During an interview with a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector, the pilot reported that the passengers were seated such that the heaviest passengers were in the aft seats. The takeoff rotation was about 3,100 feet down the runway. The nose went to a higher pitch attitude than expected, and the tail felt heavy or "squishy." The pilot reduced the throttle setting to get the nose of the airplane down, but entered a left yaw with the left wing down. Upon reapplying full throttle, the airplane rolled slightly left. At this point, the airplane was over the dirt area between the main runway and the adjacent taxiway. The pilot suspected that the main landing gear dragged at different points with the nose still in a high pitch attitude. An aviation routine weather report (METAR) for Bryce (KBCE) issued at 1953 MDT stated: wind from 300 degrees at 7 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 17/63 degrees C/F; dew point -9/16 degrees C/F; altimeter 30.12 inches of mercury. The 48-year-old-pilot held a private pilot certificate with ratings for airplane single-engine land and instrument airplane. The pilot held a third-class medical certificate issued March 19, 2012, with the limitation that he must wear corrective lenses. The pilot reported 216 hours, all single-engine land, in a previous logbook. Combining this with submitted logbook excerpts revealed a total time of 417.0 hours single-engine land with 99.1 in make and model. Investigators from the NTSB, FAA, Piper, and PWC examined the wreckage at Air Transport, Phoenix, Arizona, on July 23, 2013. A full report is contained within the public docket for this accident. The examination revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation of the airframe or engine. Propeller All four propeller blades were secure in the hub. The blades all showed leading edge polishing and chordwise surface scratches. The blades had S-bending along the full span. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N2589U](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N2589U-2017-05-26), registration cancelled 2017-05-26, S/N 4697513, built 2013 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA46-500TP - Registry model: [Piper PA46-500TP](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa46-500tp) (registry code 7104623) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-42A](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-canada-pt6a-42a) (registry code 52268, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 4697513 - Year built: 2013 - Airframe hours: 66 - Engines: P&W Canada PT6A-42A 500 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Richard Alden - Registered owner: Richard Alden - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Departed: BCE, Bryce, UT - Destination: 36U, Heber City, UT - Airport: BCE, Bryce Canyon, runway 03, 7,395 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system, Electronic multifunction display ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 48; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 417 total, 99 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 300° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 63 °F, dew point 16 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Observed at: KBCE ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20130428006879A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20130428006879A), Apr 28, 2013: Piper Aircraft Inc PA46-500TP, Bryce Canyon, UT, Substantial damage. At Bryce Canyon Airport (bce) the pilot prepares the aircraft for the flight to heber airport (36U). Approximately 200LBS of fuel is added to the aircraft… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 26, 2015, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=86749. 10.2 MB in all. - Pilot Statement (item 1, .PDF, 40 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428438&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Statement-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1 FAA Photo of Site: View of Airplane at Accident Site (Photo courtesy of FAA) (item 2, PNG, 8.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428439&FileExtension=png&FileName=Photo%201%20FAA%20Photo%20of%20Site%3A%0D%0A%20%20%20View%20of%20Airplane%20at%20Accident%20Site%20(Photo%20courtesy%20of%20FAA)%0D%0A-Master - Record of Conversation FAA Inspector (item 3, .PDF, 68 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428440&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20FAA%20Inspector%20-Redacted.PDF - NTSB Airframe & Engine Examination Notes (item 4, .PDF, 817 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428441&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NTSB%20Airframe%20%26%20Engine%20Examination%20Notes%20-Master.PDF - Pilot Logbook (item 5, .PDF, 800 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428442&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Logbook%20-Redacted.PDF - Piper Performance Info (item 6, .PDF, 87 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428443&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Piper%20Performance%20Info-Redacted.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 7, .PDF, 201 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428444&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Redacted.PDF - Chain of Custody MFD and SD Cards (item 8, .PDF, 78 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40428445&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Chain%20of%20Custody%20MFD%20and%20SD%20Cards%20-Redacted.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.