# NTSB WPR14CA077: Cessna T182T, N3531F, Hillsboro, OR, December 25, 2013 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Minor injuries · Data collection · Final report - Date: December 24, 2013, 16:25 local (Dec 25, 2013, 00:25 UTC) - Place: Hillsboro, OR - Coordinates: 45.546112, -122.956665 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.5461&lon=-122.9567&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) - Highest injury: Minor injuries - Injuries: 4 minor - Status: Completed, report April 1, 2014 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 88593 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR14CA077 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/88593/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=88593 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR14CA077 ## Probable cause The pilot's decision to continue the instrument approach beyond the published missed approach point. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: descent/approach/glide path](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 809 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062040/cases.md) - [Ceiling/visibility/precip: fog](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 78 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03035055/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-IFR final approach: Miscellaneous/other](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 1,556 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/900/sequence.md) - [Landing: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T182T, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072738), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot reported that during an instrument landing system (ILS) instrument approach in instrument meteorological conditions, she descended into fog about 1,000 feet above ground level. The pilot continued the approach beyond the minimum descent altitude and stated that she did not see the runway or runway environment until she was beyond the 1,000-foot runway markings, and realized the airplane had drifted right of the runway. The pilot attempted to maneuver the airplane towards the runway, however, it landed hard, in a grassy, mud covered area, off the right side of the runway. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed the fuselage was structurally damaged. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The pilot reported that during an instrument landing system (ILS) instrument approach in instrument meteorological conditions, she descended into fog about 1,000 feet above ground level. The pilot continued the approach beyond the minimum descent altitude and stated that she did not see the runway or runway environment until she was beyond the 1,000-foot runway markings, and realized the airplane had drifted right of the runway. The pilot attempted to maneuver the airplane towards the runway, however, it landed hard, in a grassy, mud covered area, off the right side of the runway. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed the fuselage was structurally damaged. The pilot reported no preaccident mechanical malfunctions or failures with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3531F](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3531F-2018-01-31), registration cancelled 2018-01-31, S/N T18208022, built 2001 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T182T (T) - Registry model: [Cessna T182T](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t182t) (registry code 2072738) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: T18208022 - Year built: 2001 - Airframe hours: 3200 - Engines: Lycoming TIO-540-AK1A 235 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, July 11, 2013 - Departed: OAR, Marina, CA - Destination: HIO, Hillsboro, OR - Flight plan: IFR - Airport: HIO, Portland-Hillsboro, runway 13, 6,600 × 150 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 70; injuries: minor; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review October 29, 2013; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 5,754 total, 3,175 in this make and model, 5,630 as pilot in command, 36 in the last 90 days, 14 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Instrument (IMC), Dusk - Wind: 310° at 3 knots - Visibility: 0 statute miles - Temperature: 36 °F, dew point 34 °F - Altimeter: 30.53 inHg - Observed at: KHIO ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20131224024559A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20131224024559A), Dec 24, 2013: Cessna T182T, Hilllsboro, OR, Substantial damage. At 1624 on dec 24, 2013 this aircraft was on an uncoupled ILS approach to khio r/w 13. On final, pilot stated she lost sight of runway in the dense fog around… ## Docket (2 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on March 28, 2014, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=88593. 4.9 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 4.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40408511&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Redacted.PDF - Photo 1: View of the aircraft postaccident. Courtesy of airport operations. (item 2, .PDF, 92 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40408512&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Photo%201%3A%20View%20of%20the%20aircraft%20postaccident.%20%20Courtesy%20of%20airport%20operations.-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.