# NTSB WPR15FA049: Cessna 170B, N3292A, Alzada, MT, November 28, 2014 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: November 28, 2014 - Place: Alzada, MT - Coordinates: 45.20222, -104.225555 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.2022&lon=-104.2256&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report January 18, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration, Textron Aviation, Continental Motors Inc. - NTSB case key (mKey): 90434 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR15FA049 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/90434/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90434 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR15FA049 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain airplane control while maneuvering, which resulted in a collision with mountainous terrain. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 170B, 91 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072306), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 170B, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md?model=2072306), [All aircraft, 1,269 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000/cases.md) - [Terrain: mountainous/hilly terrain](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021010): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Not specified (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 170B, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021010/cases.md?model=2072306), [All aircraft, 329 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03021010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 170B, 19 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=2072306), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Cessna 170B, 52 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=2072306), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot departed for a local area flight. When he did not return, a search was initiated, and the wreckage was located in a saddle between two mountain peaks. There were no identified witnesses to the accident. Onsite documentation revealed that the airplane collided with the terrain in a vertical nose-down attitude. Postaccident examination of the airframe and engine did not reveal any mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. According to a friend of the pilot, the pilot was very comfortable flying in the local area at altitudes of 150 ft above ground level or less. Given the pilot's preference for low altitude flight, it is likely that he was maneuvering around the mountainous terrain, lost control of the airplane, and did not have sufficient altitude to recover before ground impact. ## Factual narrative The airplane was a Cessna 170B, serial number 25936. The engine was a Continental Motors Model C-145, serial number 7515-D-2-2. The airframe logbook(s) were not located. Examination of the only recovered maintenance records (Engine Logbook) indicated that the last annual/100-hour inspection had been complied with on September 2, 2013. Total time recorded on the engine at this time was unknown, and time since major overhaul was 1,727.9 hours. No records were recovered which would indicate that the airplane had an annual inspection after the September 2013 date. Fueling records at Westjet Air Center, Rapid City, SD established that the airplane was last fueled on November 9, 2014, with the addition of 20 gallons of 100 Low Lead-octane aviation fuel. On November 28, 2014, at an undetermined time, a Cessna 170B, N3292A, impacted terrain near Alzada, Montana. The co-owner/pilot was operating the airplane under the provisions of 14 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 91. The private pilot was fatally injured; the airplane was destroyed by impact forces. The local personal flight departed Spearfish, South Dakota, about 1200. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed, and no flight plan had been filed. The pilot became the subject of a family concern alert notice (ALNOT) on November 29, 2014, after the pilot failed to arrive at work. The accident site was located by the Civil Air Patrol on November 30, 2014, at about 1130 MST. No autopsy was performed on the pilot. The FAA Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI), Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, performed toxicological testing of specimens of the pilot. Analysis of the specimens contained no findings for carbon monoxide, cyanide, volatiles, and tested drugs. The closest aviation weather observation station was Baker Municipal Airport, Baker, Montana (KBHK), which was 69 nautical miles north of the accident site. The elevation of the weather observation station was 2,980 feet mean sea level (msl). An aviation routine weather report (METAR) for KBHK was recorded at 1451 MST. It reported: wind from 230 degrees at 10 knots; visibility 10 miles; sky clear; temperature 10 degrees C; dew point -1 degrees C; altimeter 29.49 inches of mercury. The 50-year-old pilot held a private pilot certificate with a rating for airplane single-engine land. The pilot held a third-class medical certificate that was issued on May 27, 2014. It had no limitations or waivers. An examination of the pilot's logbook indicated a total flight time of 1,580 hours. He logged 14 hours in the last 90 days, and 5 hours in the last 30 days. About 200 hours had been accumulated in the make and model airplane involved in the accident. A biennial flight review was accomplished on October 10, 2013. A close friend of the accident pilot reported that the pilot was very conscious and that he had learned to fly from a former crop duster. He was very comfortable flying low level in the local area and anything above 150 feet was too high for him to behappy. Investigators examined the wreckage at Air Transport, Phoenix, Arizona, on March 9, 2015. Examination of the engine revealed no abnormalities which would have precluded normal operation of the engine. The engine displayed impact damage consistent with the engine operating at the time of impact. Examination of the recovered airframe revealed no abnormalities which would have precluded normal operation of the airplane. The airframe sustained impact damage from a vertical descent with no rotational signatures. All control surfaces were accounted for and control continuity was established for the flight controls. The complete engine and airframe examination reports are attached to the docket for this accident. Investigators examined the wreckage at the accident scene on December 2, 2014. There were no identified witnesses to the accident, or the flight of the accident airplane. The first identified point of contact (FIPC) was the ground crater with the main wreckage. The 50-foot debris path was along a magnetic heading of 130-degrees. The orientation of the fuselage was also 130-degrees. The wings were oriented 040/220-degrees. The wreckage was located on the southeast side of a saddle between two peaks. The airplane was positioned in a near vertical nose down attitude with the tail section standing vertical. The aft fuselage exhibited no indications of rotation. The aft fuselage, from the aft doorpost to the empennage was observed accordion towards the nose of the airplane. The damage to both wings was consistent with the contour of the terrain. The right wing was observed accordion aft from the leading edge to just aft of the main spar and the wing root and from the leading edge to the aileron at the tip. The left wing was observed accordion aft from the leading edge to aft of the main spar at the wing root and from the leading edge to the aileron at the wing tip. The engine was only partly visible under the cockpit area. One propeller tip was observed under the engine. There was no fire. There was an odor of fuel near the left fuel tank. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3292A](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3292A-2018-03-23), registration cancelled 2018-03-23, S/N 25936, built 1953 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 170B (UNDESIGNAT) - Registry model: [Cessna 170B](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-170b) (registry code 2072306) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental C145 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c145-series) (registry code 17012, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 25936 - Year built: 1953 - Engines: CONT MOTOR C145 SERIES 145 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Kovarik Peter M - Registered owner: Kovarik Peter M - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, September 2, 2013, 105 hours before - Departed: SPF, Spearfish, SD - Destination: SPF, Spearfish, SD - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 50; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,580 total, 200 in this make and model, 1,441 as pilot in command, 14 in the last 90 days, 5 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 10 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 50 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 29.48 inHg - Observed at: KBHK, 69 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20141128021609A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20141128021609A), Nov 28, 2014: Cessna 170B, Alzada, MT, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On 11/28/2014 the owner of the CE-170-B departed kspf at approximately 1130L on a personal flight with the aircraft near full fuel capacity. Predominant area… ## Other investigations on N3292A (1) From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. - [NTSB UNK64X3295](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/UNK64X3295), Aug 9, 1964: Cessna 170B (N3292A), Grand Island, NE, substantial damage ## Docket (10 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 4, 2017, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=90434. 11.2 MB in all. - Record of Conversations - FAA FSDO Inspector (item 1, .PDF, 59 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447956&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversations%20-%20FAA%20FSDO%20Inspector-Master.PDF - Record of Conversation - Nickolai (item 2, .PDF, 15 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447957&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation%20-%20Nickolai-Master.PDF - Engine Examination Report (item 3, .PDF, 7.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447958&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Examination%20Report-Master.PDF - Airframe Examination Report - Textron (item 4, .PDF, 222 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447959&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Airframe%20Examination%20Report%20-%20Textron-Master.PDF - Engine Logbook Annual Entry (item 5, .PDF, 212 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447960&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Engine%20Logbook%20Annual%20Entry-Master.PDF - Pilot BFR Entry (item 6, .PDF, 132 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447961&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20BFR%20Entry-Master.PDF - Pilot Logbook Excerpts (item 7, .PDF, 856 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447962&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20Logbook%20Excerpts-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 8, .PDF, 183 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447963&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 9, .PDF, 136 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447964&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF - Accident Site Photographs (item 10, .PDF, 6 photos, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40447965&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Site%20Photographs-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.