# NTSB WPR15LA228: Hudson Zodiac CH 601 XLB, N234S, Hubbard, OR, August 2, 2015 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: August 2, 2015, 16:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: Hubbard, OR - Coordinates: 45.18, -122.743614 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.1800&lon=-122.7436&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report September 12, 2016 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 91688 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR15LA228 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/91688/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=91688 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR15LA228 ## Probable cause A severe propeller vibration due to the pilot's improper installation of the propeller spacer assembly, which necessitated an engine shutdown, an off-airport landing, and a collision with a sprinkler system. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Propeller system: propeller assembly](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046110): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Incorrect service/maintenance (probable cause); cases with it: [Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046110/cases.md?model=056311U), [All aircraft, 29 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046110/cases.md) - [Maintenance: modification/alteration](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02062030): Personnel issues › Task performance · Owner/builder (probable cause); cases with it: [Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02062030/cases.md?model=056311U), [All aircraft, 69 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02062030/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute: Sys/Comp malf/fail (non-power)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330) (defining event); cases with it: [Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md?model=056311U), [All aircraft, 994 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/330/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=056311U), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis While approaching the destination airport in the experimental amateur-built airplane, the pilot felt an engine vibration and elected to shut down the engine and conduct a precautionary landing to a nearby field. During the landing sequence, the airplane's left wing collided with a ground sprinkler system, which resulted in substantial damage. Postaccident examination of the engine revealed no anomalies. The propeller had been removed from the crankshaft flange by the pilot following the accident. Examination of the flange revealed numerous fractures in the threaded alignment holes, and the alignment screws were worn. Additionally, five of the six "lightning" holes displayed cracking. Examination of the propeller spacer revealed that two bores were missing bushings. All six bolts were fitted with two washers; one affixed to each bolt head and a larger washer between the bolt head and the spacer. The larger washers exhibited rotational deformation consistent with contact with the fixed washers. All six bolts were bent, and it could not be determined if the bolts were safety wired at the time of the accident. The bolt bushings appeared to be "homemade" and of different lengths, with bolt holes drilled off-center. It is likely that the irregular, non-standard bushings prevented the proper installation and torqueing of the propeller bolts, which led to the vibration experienced during the accident flight. ## Factual narrative On August 2, 2015, about 1600 Pacific daylight time, a Hudson Zodiac CH 601 XLB, N234S, experimental amateur-built airplane, was substantially damaged during a precautionary landing after experiencing a severe engine vibration near Hubbard, Oregon. The commercial pilot, sole occupant, was not injured. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed for the personal flight, which was being operated in accordance with 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91, and a flight plan was not filed. The local flight had departed the Valley View Airport (5S9), Estacada, Oregon, about 15 minutes prior to the accident, with Lenhardt Airpark (7S9), Hubbard, Oregon, as the planned destination. In a report submitted to the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigator-in-charge, the pilot reported that about 10 minutes prior to landing he noticed an [engine] vibration, and when the intensity increased he chose to land in a field. The pilot stated that prior to landing the engine shook violently, which resulted in him shutting the engine down. During the forced landing the airplane's left wing collided with a ground sprinkler system, which resulted in substantial damage to the airplane. On August 20, 2015, an NTSB air safety investigator, accompanied by two Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspectors, examined the airplane at the facilities of Premier Engines, located in Troutdale, Oregon. It was reported by an FAA inspector that the propeller flange was cracked through 5 of the 6 lightning holes in the flange, indicating a vibration in the propeller. The inspector stated that it was apparent that some bolts had lost torque or were not properly torqued, which allowed one blade to "bounce", and subsequently resulted in the reported vibration. The inspector added that the propeller was mounted on a heavily modified, formerly certified, propeller spacer. The spacer showed evidence of the builder [having attempted] to correct an out-of-track condition by "shaving " the spacer down on one side. The propeller bolt bushings installed in the spacer appeared to be "homemade" and of different lengths, with bolt holes drilled off center, and generally of poor quality. An examination of the airplane's engine revealed no anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N234S](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N234S), registered now, S/N 7165 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: HUDSON ZODIAC CH 601 XLB - Registry model: [Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB](https://openairdocs.org/model/ralph-a-hudson-zodiac-ch-601-xlb) (registry code 056311U) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming O-290 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-o-290-series) (registry code 42083, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 7165 - Year built: 2012 - Airframe hours: 80 - Engines: Lycoming O-290 G 120 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Ralph A Hudson - Registered owner: Ralph A Hudson - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Annual, November 2, 2014, 10 hours before - Departed: 5S9, Estacada, OR - Destination: 7S9, Hubbard, OR - Equipment: Handheld GPS ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 68; injuries: none; flight instructor, sport pilot, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; last flight review April 25, 2015; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 2,350 total, 80 in this make and model, 12 in the last 90 days, 3 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: variable at 4 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 52 °F - Altimeter: 29.92 inHg - Observed at: UAO ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20150802012609A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20150802012609A), Aug 2, 2015: Ralph A Hudson ZODIAC CH 601 XLB, Hubbard, OR, Substantial damage. On August 2, 2015 at approximately 3:00PM, the pilot of aircraft N234S, a zodiac 601 xlb experienced severe vibration after performing touch and go?s at… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on July 7, 2016, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=91688. 3.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 2.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442092&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Record of FAA Inspector's Examination Report (item 2, .PDF, 122 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442093&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20FAA%20Inspector%27s%20Examination%20Report-Master.PDF - NTSB Examination Notes (item 3, .PDF, 10 photos, 611 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40442094&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=NTSB%20Examination%20Notes-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.