# NTSB WPR16LA033: Piper PA 28-140, N7PM, Wickenburg, AZ, November 25, 2015 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: November 25, 2015, 10:00 local (17:00 UTC) - Place: Wickenburg, AZ - Coordinates: 33.964168, -112.809448 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.9642&lon=-112.8094&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Approach](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/500) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Approach-VFR pattern base: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA/FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 92373 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR16LA033 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/92373/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92373 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR16LA033 ## Probable cause A partial loss of engine power due to a separation of the mixture control cable clamp, which was either not installed or secured correctly during maintenance. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine fuel and control: fuel control/carburetor](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057322): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Not serviced/maintained (probable cause) - [Engine fuel and control: fuel distribution](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057310): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Not serviced/maintained (probable cause) - [Maintenance: installation](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02062035): Personnel issues › Task performance · Maintenance personnel (probable cause) ## Analysis The flight instructor and private pilot were approaching the airport for landing. According to the flight instructor, when the pilot applied engine power to arrest the airplane's descent, the engine did not respond. Because the airplane was not within gliding distance of the runway, the pilots performed an emergency landing on desert terrain, sustaining substantial damage to both wings, the fuselage, and empennage. Examination of the engine revealed that the carburetor mixture control cable clamp, which should have been located between the firewall and the carburetor mixture control arm, was missing. Without the clamp, the mixture control cable could flex, which resulted in no corresponding movement of the arm when the mixture control lever was adjusted in the cockpit. A test of the engine with a makeshift clamp revealed no anomalies. It is likely that, because the airplane had flown about 1 hour before the accident, the mixture control cable clamp separated during the flight, and the mixture control arm became stuck in a reduced-fuel position, resulting in a partial loss of engine power. The engine had been reinstalled on the airplane about 1 hour tachometer time before the accident. It is likely that the clamp was improperly installed or secured at that time. ## Factual narrative On November 25, 2015, about 1000 mountain standard time, a Piper PA-28-140, N7PM, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Wickenburg, Arizona. The private pilot and flight instructor were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. The instructor stated that the purpose of the flight was to familiarize the pilot with the airplane before he purchased it. After completing maneuvers, they returned to the airport to conduct practice takeoffs and landings. While on the base leg of the traffic pattern for landing on runway 5, the pilot applied engine power to arrest the airplane's rate of descent; however, there was no response from the engine. The instructor verified that the carburetor heat was on and the mixture was in the full-rich position, and noted that the fuel selector was on the left tank, which contained full fuel. The instructor stated that he was able to produce a response from the engine by "pumping" the throttle; however, it was not adequate to sustain flight, and the pilot performed a forced landing to desert terrain. The airplane came to rest upright and sustained substantial damage to both wings, the fuselage, and empennage. About 20 gallons of blue-colored fuel was drained from the right wing fuel tank. The left wing fuel tank was breached during the accident sequence. The airplane was recovered to a secure storage facility for examination. Visual examination of the engine revealed no anomalies. A test run of the engine was attempted, but the engine could not be started. Further examination revealed that the mixture control cable clamp was missing, which allowed the cable to flex and resulted in no movement of the mixture control arm. A makeshift clamp was fashioned and a second engine run attempted. The engine started, accelerated smoothly, and ran without hesitation through various power settings. Review of the airplane's maintenance logbook revealed that the engine was removed, disassembled, and inspected following a propeller strike in November 2014. The most recent annual inspection was completed the month before the accident, and the logbook entry for that inspection indicated that the engine had accumulated less than one hour of operation since its reinstallation. At the time of the accident, the engine had accumulated .66 hours tachometer time since the annual inspection. ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Approach-VFR pattern base: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event) - [Landing: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7PM](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7PM-2018-03-29), registration cancelled 2018-03-29, S/N 28-20362, built 1964 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA 28-140 - Registry model: [Piper PA-28-140](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-28-140) (registry code 7102802) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 28-20362 - Year built: 1964 - Airframe hours: 4344.46 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320 SERIES 140 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Utility - Last inspection: Annual, September 25, 2015, 1 hours before - Departed: E25, Wickenburg, AZ - Destination: E25, Wickenburg, AZ - Airport: E25, Wickenburg Muni, runway 05, 6,101 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Stall warning system ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 60; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2; last flight review November 13, 2015; seat: left; flight hours: 0 total, 0 in this make and model - Flight instructor; age 27; injuries: none; airline transport, flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land, single-engine sea; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review August 10, 2015; seat: right; flight hours: 3,931 total, 0 in this make and model, 58 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 330° at 2 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 57 °F, dew point 41 °F - Altimeter: 29.79 inHg - Observed at: KLUF, 33 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20151125020939A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20151125020939A), Nov 25, 2015: Piper PA-28-140, Wickenburg, AZ, Substantial damage. The flight departed at approximately 09:20AM local time from the Wickenburg municipal airport (E25) with full fuel and 2 pilots onboard for an aircraft… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on October 9, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=92373. 73.4 MB in all. - Instructor statement (item 1, PDF, 2 pages, 138 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9959693&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=N7PM%20Accident%20Report-Rel.pdf - Maintenance logbook excerpts (item 2, PDF, 3 pages, 6.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9960066&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pages%20from%20Maintenace%20Logbook%20Excerpts_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 88 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9959136&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Retention-Release-of-Wreckage-Form%20Signed_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photos (item 4, PDF, 2 pages, 247 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=10076843&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=photos-Rel.pdf - Video showing cable operation (item 5, MOV, 66.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=9959997&FileExtension=MOV&FileName=cable%20operation%20WPR16LA033-Rel.MOV From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.