# NTSB WPR17LA177: Air Tractor AT 802A, N70LA, Wells, NV, July 31, 2017 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: July 31, 2017, 11:40 local (18:40 UTC) - Place: Wells, NV - Coordinates: 41.116943, -114.919723 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=41.1169&lon=-114.9197&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed, report October 17, 2017 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Air Tractor, Inc., Department of the Interior, Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 95730 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR17LA177 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/95730/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95730 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR17LA177 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain directional control during a period of thermal activity, which led to a runway excursion and impact with terrain. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Wind: sudden wind shift](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034010): Environmental issues › Conditions/weather/phenomena · Ability to respond/compensate (probable cause); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034010/cases.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 114 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03034010/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 17 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 10 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing-landing roll: Other weather encounter](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400/sequence.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 1,127 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/400/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Loss of control on ground](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230) (defining event); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 4,585 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/230/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-802A, 27 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=0390308), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The commercial pilot reported that at the conclusion of the flight, he entered the left downwind leg of the airport traffic pattern, and observed about 10 knot winds from the north. He subsequently configured the airplane for a wheel landing to runway 26. The tailwheel had been in the "locked" position from the time he departed on the accident flight. Shortly after the main landing gear touched down, the airplane began to veer to the right. As the tailwheel came down, the airplane suddenly departed the right side of the runway in a hard right turn. The left main landing gear impacted an imperfection in the runway, the airplane then rotated spinning 180 degrees to the right before it came to rest. The pilot, experienced in the accident airplane make and model, reported no mechanical anomalies with the control system before the accident. Postaccident examination of the control system revealed no abnormalities with the rudder and aileron. The pilot further stated that he departed with the tailwheel in the "locked" position, and only disengaged the locking mechanism during the landing roll to regain control of the airplane. The manufacturer reported that landing with the tailwheel in the "unlocked" position will typically result in a tailwheel shimmy, and may not have led to a further loss of directional control. A weather study indicated an absence of fronts and weather systems and a presence of variable winds consistent with local circulations and thermals at the time of the accident. Additionally, the airport manager reported that thermal activity is prevalent at her airport, and that multiple runway excursions occur each year due to variable wind conditions and other phenomena. With the presence of variable winds in the morning and subsequent thermal activity at the time of the accident, it is likely that a sudden wind shift or thermal activity overwhelmed the pilot, which resulted in a loss of directional control and the airplane's subsequent excursion from the runway. ## Factual narrative On July 31, 2017, about 1140 Pacific daylight time, an Air Tractor AT-802A, N70LA, was substantially damaged during a landing roll at Wells Municipal Airport/Harriet Field (LWL), Wells, Nevada. The commercial pilot was not injured. The airplane was registered to Custom Air, Inc., operated by Henry's Aerial Service, Inc., and under contract with the Department of the Interior to provide aerial firefighting services. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed and a company flight plan was filed for the cross-country flight that departed Battle Mountain, Nevada, about 1042 as a Public Aircraft flight. According to the pilot, after an uneventful flight he entered the airport through the left downwind leg of the traffic pattern for runway 26, which was the active runway at the time of the accident. He observed winds from the north about 10 mph based on the position of the midfield windsock and configured the airplane for a wheel landing. The airplane touched down on the main landing gear at approximately 85 mph on the runway centerline. As the airspeed bled off and the tailwheel began to settle down to the runway surface, the pilot lost all rudder and aileron authority. After the airplane entered a hard right turn and began to depart the right side of the runway, the pilot unlocked the tailwheel to regain directional control. Runway tire marks show the airplane begin to slowly veer to the right of the runway centerline, followed by a rapid departure to the right side of the runway. The left main landing gear collided with an imperfection in the asphalt surface and separated. The left wing then impacted the ground and the airplane rotated 180 degrees before it came to rest on the north side of the runway. The pilot reported that he had never experienced a loss of rudder and aileron control in his 3,787 total flight hours of experience in the airplane make and model. In a subsequent statement, the pilot reported that he did not encounter any mechanical anomalies with the powerplant or control system that could have precluded normal operation during the entire flight, except for the landing phase of flight when he lost rudder and aileron authority. The pilot further stated that he confirmed continuity and function of the rudder and part of the aileron control after the airplane came to rest. A representative of the Department of the Interior reported that he observed a build-up of fire retardant inside the porthole of the tailwheel lock. He further stated that he confirmed function of the rudder, elevator and partial movement of the aileron, which had been damaged at the accident site. The airplane manufacturer reported that landing with the tailwheel unlocked can manifest as a noticeable shimmy, but is not likely to result in a loss of directional control. Additionally, the pilot is not likely to observe any unusual flying characteristics or vibrations if the tailwheel remains unlocked during flight. If the airplane touches down with the tailwheel inthe "unlocked" position, the pilot's attempt to move the lock lever to the "locked" position may or may not successfully lock the tailwheel. An NTSB weather study did not show any surface frontal boundaries near the accident site around the time of the accident. In addition, a 500-hectopascal (hPa) chart, around 18,000 feet msl, showed a large ridge of high pressure over the western United States at 0500 PDT on the accident day. These two charts indicated that with no strong surface, mid-, or upper-level features, the daily valley/mountain breezes and thermals would be the main weather interactions on the accident day. These daily circulations include variable winds during the morning hours, with a more consistent wind around lunchtime through sunset. Visible imagery from 1830 UTC and 1845 UTC showed isolated cumulus clouds around the accident site, likely indicating that the thermals were the biggest driver in up and down motions around the terrain of the accident site. The upper air sounding using a weather model for the accident site for 1100 PDT did not indicate any low-level wind shear or turbulence below 10,000 feet msl, with an east to northeast wind around 5 to 10 knots from the surface through 10,000 feet msl. According to the LWL airport manager, the airport is equipped with two windsocks; both located south of runway 26 about midfield. She further remarked that in the summertime the area is occupied with thermals and other weather phenomena. Each year she receives reports from pilots who experience unforeseen rapid yaw moments, and losses of directional control, both in the airport traffic pattern and on the ground, sometimes accompanied by an impact with a runway light. These sudden changes in flight performance are reported during times of wind circulation and thermal activity. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N70LA](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N70LA-2023-01-19), registration cancelled 2023-01-19, S/N 802A-0102, built 2000 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: AIR TRACTOR INC AT 802A - Registry model: [Air Tractor AT-802A](https://openairdocs.org/model/air-tractor-at-802a) (registry code 0390308) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney PT6A series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-pt6a-series) (registry code 52034, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 802A-0102 - Year built: 2000 - Airframe hours: 3653.3 - Engines: Pratt and Whitney PT6A-67AG 1375 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Firefighting, Public use - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special); Standard, Normal - Last inspection: 100 hour, July 16, 2017, 28 hours before - Departed: BAM, BATTLE MOUNTAIN, NV - Destination: LWL, Wells, NV - Flight plan: Company VFR - Airport: LWL, Wells Muni/Harriet Field, runway 26, 5,508 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Satellite tracking device, Handheld GPS, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 34; injuries: none; flight instructor, commercial; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review February 7, 2017; seat: single; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 5,203.2 total, 3,787.8 in this make and model, 5,130.7 as pilot in command, 131.8 in the last 90 days, 99.3 in the last 30 days, 5.5 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 50° at 11 knots, gusting 18 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 93 °F, dew point 28 °F - Altimeter: 30.29 inHg - Observed at: EKO, 43 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20170731010229A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20170731010229A), Jul 31, 2017: Air Tractor Inc AT-802A, Wells, NV, Substantial damage. The Air tractor light attack tanker was landing at the Wells airport after working a fire. The touchdown was normal, and as the tail wheel began to settle, the… ## Docket (6 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 21, 2017, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=95730. 2.6 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 347 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456537&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - Weather Reports and Records (item 2, .PDF, 1.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456538&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Weather%20Reports%20and%20Records-Master.PDF - Record of Conversations (item 3, .PDF, 94 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456539&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversations-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 4, .PDF, 198 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456540&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Release of Aircraft Wreckage, NTSB Form 6120.15 (item 5, .PDF, 97 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456541&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Release%20of%20Aircraft%20Wreckage,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.15-Master.PDF - Accident Photographs (Courtesy of DOI) (item 6, .PDF, 3 photos, 433 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40456542&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Photographs%20(Courtesy%20of%20DOI)-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.