# NTSB WPR18FA104: Piper PA 18-150, N4511Y, La Center, WA, March 11, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Field investigation · Final report - Date: March 11, 2018, 12:57 local (19:57 UTC) - Place: La Center, WA - Coordinates: 45.830276, -122.637496 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.8303&lon=-122.6375&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed, report April 20, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA-FSDO, Lycoming, Piper Aircraft - NTSB case key (mKey): 96851 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR18FA104 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/96851/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96851 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18FA104 ## Probable cause The pilot's failure to maintain clearance from trees while maneuvering at a low altitude. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: altitude](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-18-150, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md?model=7101828), [All aircraft, 1,310 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062012/cases.md) - [Action: lack of action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Piper PA-18-150, 4 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md?model=7101828), [All aircraft, 792 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041030/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Controlled flight into terr/obj (CFIT)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120) (defining event); cases with it: [Piper PA-18-150, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md?model=7101828), [All aircraft, 1,074 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/120/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240); cases with it: [Piper PA-18-150, 41 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md?model=7101828), [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Piper PA-18-150, 115 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=7101828), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The private pilot departed on a personal flight in day visual meteorological conditions to conduct touch-and-go takeoffs and landings at a nearby airport. Onboard data indicated that the pilot flew a left traffic pattern at the destination, then overflew the runway. A witness near the accident site saw the airplane climbing about 150 ft above the runway. The airplane turned left and remained in the traffic pattern; the witness stated that the airplane appeared to level off about 250 ft then disappeared from his view. Moments later, he heard a series of three loud bangs, followed by a full-power engine sound, another loud bang, and "an abrupt stoppage of all sounds." Review of recorder data revealed that right before the impact, the airplane's speed was 11 knots groundspeed, with the pitch angle of 8° and the left bank angle of 105° at the GPS altitude of 130 ft. Survey of the accident site indicated that the airplane impacted a 140-ft tall tree while in a left turn and came to rest on the ground about 150 ft south-east from the initial tree strike. Therefore, it is likely that the pilot did not maintain a sufficient altitude necessary to avoid collision with the trees. Postaccident examination of the airframe and engine revealed no evidence of any preexisting mechanical malfunctions that would have precluded normal operation, and autopsy and toxicology of the pilot did not reveal any evidence of physiological impairment or incapacitation. ## Factual narrative The two-seat Piper PA-18-150, serial number (s/n) 18-8983, was manufactured in 1971 and equipped with a Lycoming O-320-A2B engine, s/n L-29519-27A, which drove a fixed-pitch, two bladed McCauley propeller. According to the airplane maintenance records, the most recent annual inspection was completed on June 21, 2017, at an engine and airframe total time of 1,150.49 hours. On March 11, 2018, about 1257 Pacific daylight time, a Piper PA-18-150, N4511Y, was destroyed when it impacted terrain while maneuvering near Daybreak Airport (WA46), La Center, Washington. The pilot was fatally injured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed in the area, and no flight plan was filed for the flight, which originated from Flying M Airport (OR05), Yamhill, Oregon, at 1030. Earlier that morning, the accident pilot met with another pilot and they decided to fly around the local area as a flight of two. After departing OR05, they proceeded north and landed at Woodland State Airport (W27), Woodland, Washington. On the way to their respective home airports, they decided to fly to WA46 to conduct touch-and-go takeoffs and landings. The other pilot stated that the accident pilot departed W27 first, but when the other pilot arrived at WA46, he did not see the accident airplane in the traffic pattern. He then circled above WA46 and saw the wreckage in a wooded area near the approach end of runway 31. A witness at WA46 stated that he saw the accident airplane climbing about 150 ft above runway 31. Near the north end of the airport, the airplane started a "low" left turn to the south. The witness estimated that the airplane leveled off about 250 ft and continued out of sight. Moments later, he heard a series of three loud bangs, followed by the sound of a full-power engine, then another loud bang followed by "an abrupt stoppage of all sound." Review of recorded data obtained from an Appareo Stratus PRX V2 onboard the airplane revealed that the airplane departed W27 about 1250 and flew southeast while climbing to about 450 ft GPS altitude. About 1255:30, the airplane had descended to about 200 ft and entered the left downwind leg of the WA46 traffic pattern. The airplane overflew the grass runway from south to north then turned onto a left downwind leg for the runway. The airplane started to slow from 50 kts at 1256:39 and banked up to 25° right before entering the dramatic left bank. The last recorded data point was at 1256:47 and showed the airplane at a GPS altitude of 130 ft, a groundspeed of 11 knots, a pitch angle of 8°, and a left bank angle of 105°. An autopsy of the pilot was performed by the Clark County Medical Examiner, Vancouver, Washington. The autopsy report stated that the pilot's cause of death was "multiple blunt impact injuries." The FAA's Forensic Sciences Laboratory conducted toxicology tests on specimens from the pilot. Theresults were negative for all tests performed. An automated observation recorded about 2 minutes before the accident at Scappoose Industrial Airpark (SPB), Scappoose, Oregon, located about 10 nautical miles west of the accident site, included calm wind; temperature 16°C; dew point 1°C; no clouds and no restrictions on vertical visibility; and altimeter 30.16 inches of mercury. The pilot held a private pilot certificate with airplane single-engine land and instrument airplane ratings. The pilot was issued a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) third-class airman medical certificate on February 9, 2017, with the limitation, "must have available glasses for near vision." On the application for that medical certificate, the pilot reported 1,503 total hours of flight experience, 51 hours of which were in the previous 6 months. Review of the pilot's logbook revealed that, as of the last entry dated July 31, 2017, the pilot had accumulated a total of 1,024.7 hours of flight experience. The wreckage was located about 530 ft from the approach end of runway 31 on a 228° bearing from the runway. The first identified point of contact (FIPC) consisted of several broken limbs at the top of a 140-ft-tall tree. A piece of the left wing landing light lens was found underneath the tree. A debris path of broken tree limbs continued on a heading about 120° to the main wreckage, which came to rest about 142 ft from the FIPC and was oriented on a heading of 270°. The airplane impacted terrain in a nose-down attitude. The propeller hub and one blade were imbedded about 2 ft in the ground. Both blades remained attached to the hub. The fuselage came to rest on its right side and exhibited twisting throughout. The empennage remained attached to the fuselage and was bent upward. The vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, rudder, and elevators remained intact and were undamaged. Both wings and the fixed main landing gear remained attached to the fuselage. The cockpit area with the instrument panel was crushed and displaced forward into the firewall. The propeller remained attached to the engine. The crankshaft was rotated by hand and thumb compression was obtained on all cylinders. Engine drive train continuity was established throughout. Both magnetos were rotated by hand and spark was observed at all ignition leads. The oil pickup screen was clear of debris. The carburetor was intact and remained attached to the engine. The throttle, mixture, and carburetor heat cables remained attached. The carburetor was disassembled, and no anomalies were noted. There was no evidence of pre-impact mechanical anomalies or malfunctions of the engine or the airframe. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N4511Y](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N4511Y), registered now, S/N 18-8932, built 1971 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: PIPER PA 18-150 (150) - Registry model: [Piper PA-18-150](https://openairdocs.org/model/piper-pa-18-150) (registry code 7101828) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 18-8932 - Year built: 1971 - Airframe hours: 1150.49 - Engines: LYCOMING O-320 SERIES 150 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, June 21, 2017 - Departed: OR05, Yamhill, OR - Destination: OR05, Yamhill, OR - Airport: WA46, Daybreak, runway 31, 2,200 × 60 ft, dirt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 65; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; seat: front; toxicology performed; flight hours: 1,053 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Observed at: KSPB, 10 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180311001929A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180311001929A), Mar 11, 2018: Piper PA-18-150, La Center, WA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. On Sunday, March 11, 2018, a Piper PA-18-150, registered as N4511Y, serial number 18-8932, was involved in an accident approx. 175 yards southwest of runway 31… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 9, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=96851. 7.4 MB in all. - Multiple Electronic Devices - Specialist's Factual Report (item 1, .PDF, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479728&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Multiple%20Electronic%20Devices%20-%20Specialist%27s%20Factual%20Report-Master.PDF - Multiple Electronic Devices - Specialist's Factual Report - Attachment 1 Tabular Data (item 2, .CSV, 128 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479729&FileExtension=.csv&FileName=Multiple%20Electronic%20Devices%20-%20Specialist%27s%20Factual%20Report%20-%20Attachment%201%20Tabular%20Data-Master.csv - Witness Statements (item 3, .PDF, 72 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479730&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Master.PDF - Accident Site Examination (item 4, .PDF, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479731&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Accident%20Site%20Examination-Master.PDF - Pilot and Maintenance Logs (item 5, .PDF, 3.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479732&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%20and%20Maintenance%20Logs%20-Master.PDF - Statement of Party Representatives to NTSB Investigation (item 6, .PDF, 254 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479733&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Statement%20of%20Party%20Representatives%20to%20NTSB%20Investigation-Master.PDF - Toxicological Report (item 7, .PDF, 106 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40479734&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Toxicological%20Report-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.