# NTSB WPR18LA142: Kolb Firestar, N9216E, Atmore, AL, May 11, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Limited investigation · Final report - Date: May 11, 2018, 12:03 local (17:03 UTC) - Place: Atmore, AL - Coordinates: 31.016111, -87.446662 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=31.0161&lon=-87.4467&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute-cruise: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed, report June 3, 2020 - Report: Approved by Office Director - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 97254 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR18LA142 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/97254/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97254 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA142 ## Probable cause The noncertificated pilot's failure to maintain airplane control, which resulted in an aerodynamic stall. Contributing to the accident was the pilot's lack of flight experience and qualification. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: angle of attack](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 990 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062042/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: airspeed](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 1,681 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062010/cases.md) - [Experience/qualifications: total experience](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031015): Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031015/cases.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 126 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031015/cases.md) - [Object/animal/substance: tree(s)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020): Environmental issues › Physical environment · Contributed to outcome; cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 933 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03022020/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute-cruise: Aerodynamic stall/spin](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241) (defining event); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 1,529 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/241/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05635WG), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The noncertificated pilot had purchased the experimental amateur-built airplane about 1 year before the accident and had accrued about 4 hours of experience in the airplane make and model. His wife reported that the accident flight was his first actual flight in the airplane, as his previous activities had been limited to taxiing and a maneuver in which the airplane intentionally became momentarily airborne while traveling down the runway. An externally mounted onboard video camera recorded the pilot's entire 13-minute personal flight and showed that after takeoff, the airplane climbed to an altitude of about 500 to 750 ft above ground level. About 6 minutes after takeoff, the airplane began maneuvers consistent with an aerodynamic stall and spin. The airplane first banked and turned sharply right, the nose pitched down, and then the airplane banked and turned sharply left, descending rapidly during this sequence. Within a few seconds, the airplane struck a tree and then impacted the ground; the fuselage, tail boom, and wings sustained substantial damage. Examination of the airplane did not reveal any preimpact mechanical malfunctions or failures that would have precluded normal operation. The pilot indicated that his total flight time was about 36 hours, most of which were accrued about 20 years before the accident. The pilot's limited overall flight experience, combined with his lack of recent flight training or any instruction in the accident airplane make and model, likely prevented him from recognizing, avoiding, and recovering from an aerodynamic stall. ## Factual narrative A Go-Pro brand video camera was found attached to the exterior of the aircraft. Review of the data on the camera's memory card indicated that the camera recorded the entire accident flight. The camera was mounted low on the outside of the right fuselage, faced forward, and did not capture any aerodynamic surfaces, instruments, controls, or the engine/propeller. Except when the pilot's arm reached out of the cockpit to adjust the camera or something near it, the camera did not capture any of the pilot's anatomy. The following events (in file elapsed time, format MM:SS) were observed during review of the video file. The airplanet began taxiing on the ramp about 00:15, and stopped on the midfield perpendicular taxiway about 01:20. About 01:48 he resumed taxiing towards the runway, and then the airplane crossed the point-hold line, and entered the airport movement area. About 02:30 the airplane stopped in the movement area between the point hold line and the runway, and remained there for about 30 seconds before entering the runway. The airplane turned left (south) onto the runway, and took about 1 1/2 minutes to taxi to the runway 36 end. The airpalne remained at the left (east) side of the runway for that entire taxi. The aircraft remained on the runway 36 end for about 2 1/2 minutes before it began its takeoff roll. The 14 second takeoff roll was conducted well to the right of the runway centerline. About 2 minutes after takeoff, when the airplane appeared to be level at an altitude of about 500 to 750 ft above ground level, the airplane made a right turn to a heading of east. During the next 3 minutes, the altitude appeared to decrease slowly, and the heading drifted towards the northeast. About 12:30, the airplane turned right, towards the southeast. 20 seconds later, the airplane turned right to a heading of south, and then began maneuvers consistent with an aerodynamic stall. The airplane first banked and turned sharply right, the nose pitched down, and then the airplane banked and turned sharply left, descending rapidly during this sequence. The left and right turns both appeared to result in approximate 180° heading changes. About 13:00, the airplane struck a tree and then impacted the ground. The airplane was descending rapidly in a wings level attitude, and with a forward horizontal velocity component, when it struck the tree. About 14 seconds after the airplane came to rest, significant image vibration, similar to that resulting from engine operation, ceased. The file ended at 17:42; there was no visible activity or camera movement between the time of ground impact and the end of the file. The kit-built airplane was registered to the pilot about a year before the accident, but he was not the builder of the airplane. The airplane structure consisted primarily of aluminum tubing covered with fabric skin. The airpalne was equipped with a 50 hp Rotax 503 series engine mounted in an overwing pusher configuration. Pilot-provided informationindicated that the airframe had a total time (TT) in service of about 45 hours, and the engine had a TT of about 96 hours. No maintenance records were provided to the investigation. On May 11, 2018, about 1203 central daylight time, an experimental amateur-built Kolb Firestar 2 airplane, N9216E, sustained substantial damage when it impacted a tree and terrain near Atmore, Alabama. The non-certificated pilot was seriously injured. The airplane was registered to and operated by the pilot as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Visual meteorological conditions prevailed at the time of the accident and no flight plan was filed. The local flight had departed Atmore Municipal Airport (OR1), Atmore, Alabama about 13 minutes prior to the accident. According to the pilot, he was in cruise flight at an altitude of about 600 ft above ground level (agl) when the airplane began "swaying left and right;" the pilot clarified that the airplane was "not yawing or rolling." He was unable to get the airplane "to straighten out," so he began a descent. When it was about 40 ft agl, the airplane struck a tree, and then a powerline, and then impacted the ground. The airplane came to rest inverted on the lawn of a private residence, and the fuselage, tail boom, and wings were substantially damaged. The 1156 automated weather observation at an airport located about 29 miles southeast of the accident site included wind from 160° at 6 knots, visibility 10 miles, few clouds at 6,000 ft, temperature 31°C, dew point 12°C, and an altimeter setting of 30.13 inches of mercury. Inflight images depicted clear skies, and were consistent with little or no wind. The pilot's flight logbook was recovered from the wreckage. The logbook indicated that the pilot had accrued about 32 hours in Cessna airplanes more than 20 years ago, but then ceased flying until September 2017, when the pilot logged some time in an Aeronca Champ. The pilot's accident report stated that he had accrued a total flight time of 36.1 hours, including 13.6 hours as pilot in command, and 4 hours in the airplane accident make and model in the last 90 days. A search of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) records did not reveal any pilot or medical certificates for the pilot. The pilot's wife reported that this was the first time to her knowledge that the pilot had flown the airplane. She reported that he had previously taxied the airpalne, and conducted "crow hopping" exercises in it as well. She defined crow hopping as a maneuver where the pilot would accelerate on the runway and allow the airpalne to become momentarily airborne before touching down and stopping. For undetermined reasons, the pilot erroneously reported a departure time of 1030, and an accident time of 1045, in his written account of the accident. The accident site was located about 4 miles east-northeast of OR1. Evidence indicated that the airplane struck a tree about 25 yards away from where the airplane came to rest,and that it also struck at least one powerline between the tree and the ground impact point. Ground scars indicated little to no horizontal travel during or after ground impact. The two FAA inspectors who responded to the accident site on the day of the accident conducted a limited examination of the aircraft, and did not observe any pre-impact damage. Throttle and flight control continuity was unable to be verified. The ailerons, elevator, and rudder all remained securely attached to their respective airfoils and control links. Impact damage precluded determination of the pre-accident integrity of the aircraft structure or its control systems. The fuel tank was approximately ¾ full, and there was fuel in the bowls of each of the two carburetors. The exhaust manifold was removed from the engine to examine the pistons and cylinders, and no pre-impact damage or abnormalities were observed. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N9216E](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N9216E-2020-09-04), registration cancelled 2020-09-04, S/N 01-17, built 2017 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: KOLB FIRESTAR (II) - Registry model: [Martinez Jose A FIRESTAR 2](https://openairdocs.org/model/martinez-jose-a-firestar-2) (registry code 05635WG) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Rotax 503 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/rotax-503-series) (registry code 55564, 2 cycle) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 01-17 - Year built: 2017 - Airframe hours: 45 - Engines: Rotax 503 50 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Departed: OR1, Atmore, AL - Destination: OR1, Atmore, AL - Equipment: Video recording device ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 47; injuries: serious; seat: front; flight hours: 36 total, 4 in this make and model, 4 in the last 90 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 160° at 6 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 88 °F, dew point 54 °F - Altimeter: 30.12 inHg - Turbulence: Unknown - Observed at: NSE, 29 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180511005079A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180511005079A), May 11, 2018: Jose A Martinez FIRESTAR 2, Atmore, AL, Destroyed. Non-certificated pilot took off and flew around for approximately 20-30 minutes. Based on video from a gopro camera mounted on aircraft, airman lost control of… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on January 24, 2020, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97254. 6.5 MB in all. - Pilot/Operator Aircraft Accident Report, NTSB Form 6120.1 (item 1, .PDF, 2.9 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480256&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Pilot%2FOperator%20Aircraft%20Accident%20Report,%20NTSB%20Form%206120.1-Master.PDF - METARs (item 2, .PDF, 45 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480257&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=METARs-Master.PDF - FAA Witness Interviews (item 3, .PDF, 59 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480258&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Witness%20Interviews-Master.PDF - Witness Statements (item 4, .PDF, 370 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480259&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Master.PDF - FAA Inspectors Statement (item 5, .PDF, 295 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480260&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Inspectors%20Statement-Master.PDF - Video File Synopsis (item 6, .PDF, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480261&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=Video%20File%20Synopsis-Master.PDF - FAA Photographs (item 7, .PDF, 1.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=40480262&FileExtension=.PDF&FileName=FAA%20Photographs-Master.PDF From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.