# NTSB WPR18LA158: Rhoads Autogyro MTO Sport, N574BR, San Manuel, AZ, May 21, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: May 21, 2018, 08:45 local (15:45 UTC) - Place: San Manuel, AZ - Coordinates: 32.635276, -110.64167 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.6353&lon=-110.6417&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Part(s) separation from AC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 97369 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR18LA158 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/97369/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97369 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA158 ## Probable cause The fracture of the propeller hub due to corrosion pitting along the propeller blade root seat, which led to cracking that was propagated due to high-cycle fatigue. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Propeller system: propeller hub section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Fatigue/wear/corrosion (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114/cases.md) - [Propeller system: propeller hub section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114/cases.md) - [Propeller system: propeller hub section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114): Aircraft › Aircraft propeller/rotor · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 13 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01046114/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Part(s) separation from AC](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338) (defining event); cases with it: [All aircraft, 563 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/338/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150); cases with it: [All aircraft, 504 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341); cases with it: [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) - [Initial climb: Off-field or emergency landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440); cases with it: [All aircraft, 3,365 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/440/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that he and the student pilot were conducting a familiarization flight. After an uneventful takeoff and when the gyroplane was about 400 ft above ground level, she heard a “loud bang,” followed by severe vibrations and a total loss of engine power. She chose to initiate an emergency landing and turned right back toward the runway and landed uneventfully. During the landing roll, she saw that the gyroplane was on fire. The gyroplane came to a stop, and the fire was extinguished. Examination of the gyroplane revealed that the muffler, coolant line, and both carburetors were either fracture separated or shaken loose. One of the propeller blades and part of the propeller hub were missing, which likely resulted in an imbalance and subsequent severe vibrations and extensive vibration-related damage. One of the propeller blades had impacted a rotor blade. A fuel line was found damaged and open, which likely started the in-flight fire, and the fuselage and horizontal stabilizer exhibited substantial damage. Examination of the propeller and propeller hub components revealed no evidence that the propeller blade fractured before the hub failed. The propeller hub fractured due to fatigue cracking that initiated at a network of corrosion pits along the surface of the propeller blade root seat. The internal tube exhibited a rough surface texture and an approximate 45° slant orientation. Tube material adjacent to the tube fracture had thinned and exhibited deformation in multiple locations. The periphery of the angled root seat exhibited chatter marks on the root of the propeller blade. Based on the characteristics of the fracture surfaces and the chatter marks, it is likely that the fatigue cracks propagated due to high-cycle rotational and vibrational loads from normal propeller operation. Due to the nature of the high-cycle fatigue and the inability to determine the loads and rpms of the propeller during the accident flight, the investigation could not determine exactly when the fatigue cracking initiated. Examination of the corrosion pits found elements in them consistent with common salts. The tight fit of the blade roots against the hub seats could have led to crevice corrosion if moisture and salt had penetrated the area. In addition, contact with some composite components (such as carbon fiber) can create galvanic couples with aluminum, which will become susceptible to preferential corrosion. Based on the evidence, it is likely that the corrosion pitting along the propeller blade root seats led to the initial cracking, which was propagated by high-cycle fatigue. Further, it is likely that the propeller hub design was not adequate because it did account for the repetitive stresses that occur during normal operation. ## Factual narrative On May 21, 2018, about 0845 mountain standard time, an experimental, amateur-built MTO Sport gyroplane, N574BR, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near San Manuel Airport (E77), San Manuel, Arizona. The flight instructor and student pilot were not injured. The gyroplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 local familiarization flight. The instructor reported that, after an uneventful takeoff and when the gyroplane was about 400 ft above ground level, she heard a loud “bang,” followed by severe vibrations and a total loss of engine power. She decided to turn right back toward the runway, and she successfully conducted a power-off landing. During the landing roll, she saw flames coming from the rear of the gyroplane. The gyroplane came to a stop, and the pilot and passenger safety egressed it. Subsequently, the fire was extinguished. Examination of the gyroplane revealed that one of the propeller blades and part of the propeller hub were missing. The gyroplane exhibited heavy vibration-related damage. One of the propeller blades had impacted a rotor blade. A fuel line was found damaged and open, and the fuselage and horizontal stabilizer exhibited structural damage. The muffler, coolant line, and both carburetors were either fracture separated or shaken loose. Examination of the propeller blade and hub revealed that the hub fractured from fatigue cracking that had initiated at a network of corrosion pits along the surface of propellers along the surface of the propeller blade root seat. In addition, there was a large crack with similar features in a second propeller blade root seat. The fatigue cracks had initiated at a network of corrosion pits along the surface of the propeller blade root seat. The fracture surface exhibited ratchet marks, consistent with multiple crack initiation sites, crack arrest marks consistent with progressive cracking, and finely spaced fatigue striations consistent with fatigue crack propagation due to high-cycle fatigue (typical of repeated high-rpm propeller loads). Examination of the corrosion pits found elements consistent with common salts. The propeller blade was fractured in two locations. A longitudinal fracture, which was between plies of the composite and alternated between different plies. A transverse fracture across the blade section exhibited fiber pullout and fractures at multiple heights and a central metallic tube had buckled and collapsed. The internal tube exhibited a rough surface texture and an approximate 45° slant orientation. Tube material adjacent to the tube fracture had thinned and exhibited deformation in multiple locations. The periphery of the angled root seat exhibited chatter marks on the root of the propeller blade. ## Aircraft - Registration: N574BR (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: Rhoads Autogyro MTO Sport - Category: Gyroplane, amateur-built - Serial number: M01223 - Year built: 2015 - Airframe hours: 606 - Engines: Rotax 912ULS 100 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Fire: Both - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Blue Sky Gyros LLC - Registered owner: Rhoadsrunner Gyroplanes LLC - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Last inspection: Condition, May 15, 2018, 7 hours before - Departed: E77, San Manuel, AZ - Destination: E77, San Manuel, AZ - Airport: E77, San Manuel Airport, runway 11, 4,207 × 75 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 52; injuries: none; private, commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 2, with waivers/limitations; last flight review March 1, 2017; seat: rear; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 1,530 total, 610 in this make and model, 1,404 as pilot in command, 50 in the last 90 days, 29 in the last 30 days, 1 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 200° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 30 °F - Altimeter: 29.85 inHg - Observed at: DMA, 30 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180521005739A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180521005739A), May 21, 2018: Mark E Rhoads MTO SPORT, San Manuel, AZ, Substantial damage. Shortly after takeoff, the aircraft experienced severe vibration and a loss of power. Pilot was unaware of the fire and made a 180 turn to return to the… ## Docket (3 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 19, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=97369. 29.5 MB in all. - Materials laboratory factual report (item 1, PDF, 16 pages, 24 photos, 7.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=8004602&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=19-017%20-%20Materials%20Lab%20Factual%20Report%20(WPR18LA158)-Rel.pdf - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 2, PDF, 12 pages, 21.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=8167681&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20combined_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Postaccident examination - courtesy of the federal aviation administration (item 3, PDF, 12 pages, 956 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=8168246&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Inspection-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.