# NTSB WPR18LA234: Air Tractor AT 400, N7300M, Grand Forks, ND, August 21, 2018 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: August 21, 2018, 08:50 local (13:50 UTC) - Place: Grand Forks, ND - Coordinates: 47.993888, -97.072219 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=47.9939&lon=-97.0722&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA-FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 98125 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR18LA234 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/98125/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98125 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR18LA234 ## Probable cause The loss of engine power while maneuvering due to the failure of the power turbine blade assembly for reasons that could not be determined based on available evidence. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine (turbine/turboprop): turbine section](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057250): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Failure (probable cause); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-400, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057250/cases.md?model=0390202), [All aircraft, 74 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057250/cases.md) - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-400, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=0390202), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of engine power (total)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341) (defining event); cases with it: [Air Tractor AT-400, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md?model=0390202), [All aircraft, 3,820 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/341/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot was maneuvering the airplane during an aerial application over a field. A witness noticed that the airplane’s final turn was different than previous turns. Just before the airplane impacted the ground, the witness noticed a puff of smoke or liquid coming from the airplane. As the witness was a distance away, she was not certain. During the impact, the airplane sustained substantial damage. Examination of the engine revealed circumferential rubbing marks due to contact between the compressor turbine disk assembly and power turbine (PT) disk assembly. Of the 41 PT blades, 18 were recovered, and those blades exhibited fracture surfaces consistent with overstress fracture under elevated temperatures. Impact marks were identified inside the exhaust duct. The fracture of these blades likely occurred at ground impact when the engine was operational. It is likely that one or more of the unrecovered PT blades failed for an undetermined reason during the flight and impacted adjacent PT blades and components, including the exhaust duct. The internal engine damage from the released blades caused the PT disc assembly to fail, resulting in a loss of engine power. ## Factual narrative On August 21, 2018, about 0850 central daylight time, an Air Tractor AT-400, N7300M, sustained substantial damage when it was involved in an accident near Grand Forks, North Dakota. The pilot was seriously injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 137 aerial application flight. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inspector interviewed the pilot in the hospital. The pilot stated that he does not remember the accident or anything leading up to it. A witnessreported that she watched the accident airplane as it sprayed a field east of her position. The witness stated that the pilot’s final turn did not seem as “graceful” as the other turns. The witness further stated that, during the final turn, she did not notice any abnormal engine noises and that the engine sounded about the same as it did during all the previous turns. The witness added that, just before the airplane impacted the ground, she noticed something that appeared to be “a puff of smoke or liquid” coming from the airplane. She was some distance away and could not be certain. The airplane impacted an open field and came to rest upright. The forward fuselage, empennage and both wings were substantially damaged. The exhaust duct displayed compressional bending due to impact with the terrain and showed mechanical damages from power turbine (PT) blade release. Examination of the turbine engine revealed circumferential rubbing marks that were consistent with contact between the compressor turbine disk assembly and the adjacent static parts (CT vane ring & PT baffle) and contact between the power turbine disk assembly with the adjacent static parts (PT vane ring & PT shaft housing). Most of the PT blades were separated and missing; 18 of the 41 PT blades were recovered. The PT shroud was mechanically deformed and exhibited circumferential rub marks and multiple dents that were consistent with PT blade release. Metallurgical examination of the 18 recovered PT blades revealed that the fracture surfaces exhibited areas of dark coloring, along with light gray-to-dark orange areas, consistent with surface oxidation and combustion deposits. These deposits were typical of exposure to high-temperature environments. In addition, the fracture surfaces exhibited a general rough and twisted surface texture with a dull and dark luster. Postfracture smearing and overstress fractures were also noted on the surfaces. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N7300M](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N7300M-2020-08-25), registration cancelled 2020-08-25, S/N 400-0518, built 1984 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Air Tractor AT 400 (Undesignat) - Registry model: [Air Tractor AT-400](https://openairdocs.org/model/air-tractor-at-400) (registry code 0390202) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Pratt & Whitney PT6A series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/pratt-whitney-pt6a-series) (registry code 52034, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 400-0518 - Year built: 1984 - Airframe hours: 11932 - Engines: Pratt & Whitney PT6A SERIES turbo prop - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Aerial application, Part 137 - Operator: Ross Seed Co Dba - Registered owner: Ross Seed Co Dba - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Restricted (Special) - Last inspection: 100 hour, August 14, 2018 - Departed: MN81, East Grand Forks, MN - Destination: MN81, East Grand Forks, MN - Airport: MN81, J J And T ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 24; injuries: serious; commercial; airplane ratings: single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; seat: single; flight hours: 1,350 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 350° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 59 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 30.19 inHg - Observed at: KGFK, 5 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20180821024479A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20180821024479A), Aug 21, 2018: Air Tractor Inc AT-400, Grand Forks, ND, Substantial damage. The aircraft crashed into a field across the road from the field that the aircraft was spraying. The pilot was badly injured, including leg and head injuries.… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 15, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=98125. 27.5 MB in all. - Materials laboratory factual report (item 1, PDF, 22 pages, 28 photos, 6.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13768115&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=22-025%20-%20Materials%20Lab%20Factual%20Report%20(WPR18LA234)-Rel.pdf - FAA inspector notes and witness statements (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 62 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13189334&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Inspector%20Notes%20and%20Witness%20Statement-Rel.pdf - FAA pilot interview (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 116 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13816244&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=FAA%20Pilot%20Interview_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Record of memorandum (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 124 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13800636&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Memo_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Logbook excerpts (item 5, PDF, 8 pages, 7.5 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13801053&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pages%20from%20Logbooks_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pratt & whitney Canada 18-127 report (item 6, PDF, 45 pages, 31 photos, 6.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13996712&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pratt%20%26%20Whitney%20Canada%2018-127%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation-woodward (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 732 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13856916&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Participant%20Form%20Woodward_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photo array-onsite (courtesy of first responders) (item 8, PDF, 16 pages, 6.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13245410&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Onsite%20(first%20responders)-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.