# NTSB WPR20LA094: Ercoupe 415, N3437H, Torrance, CA, February 25, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: February 25, 2020, 12:20 local (20:20 UTC) - Place: Torrance, CA - Coordinates: 33.803054, -118.338058 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.8031&lon=-118.3381&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 100999 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR20LA094 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/100999/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100999 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR20LA094 ## Probable cause The partial loss of power due to a malfunction of the throttle cable, which limited movement of the throttle body. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Engine fuel and control: fuel control/carburetor](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057322): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Malfunction (probable cause); cases with it: [Ercoupe 415-C, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057322/cases.md?model=0420322), [All aircraft, 195 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057322/cases.md) - [Engine fuel and control: fuel controlling system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057320): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Inoperative; cases with it: [Ercoupe 415-C, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057320/cases.md?model=0420322), [All aircraft, 59 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01057320/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event); cases with it: [Ercoupe 415-C, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md?model=0420322), [All aircraft, 1,858 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342/sequence.md) ## Analysis While the pilot was conducting touch-and-go takeoffs and landings, the airplane’s engine lost partial power about 200 ft above ground level and began surging. The pilot performed a 90° left turn to land on a taxiway. After touchdown, the airplane veered left and collided with two parked airplanes. Examination revealed that manipulation of the throttle control in the cockpit did not correspond with the complete butterfly valve deflection in the throttle body. The limited motion of the throttle cable was likely the result of the movement of the cable’s outer housing (sheath) and/or loose rigging resulting in the cable bowing. ## Factual narrative On February 25, 2020, about 1220 Pacific standard time, an Ercoupe 415C, N3437H, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Torrance, California. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The pilot stated that following departure, she completed two touch-and-go practice takeoffs and landings. During the third takeoff, when the airplane had traveled about 3/4 of the length of runway 29R, at an altitude of about 200 ft above ground level (agl), the engine experienced a partial loss of power and surged. The pilot performed a 90º left turn to land on a taxiway. After touchdown, the airplane veered left and collided with two parked airplanes. Examination revealed no evidence of a catastrophic engine failure. The magneto timing was -2° and -4° than recommended by the manufacturer. Continuity of the fuel system was verified. The engine was rotated with no anomalies found. The throttle cable was secured at both ends: to the arm on the carburetor and to throttle lever in the cockpit. Movement of the throttle arm revealed that the throttle control in the cockpit did not correspondingly retard aft initially. Further examination of the cable revealed that from the throttle arm, the rod was secured with an Adel clamp to the engine mount. About 3/4-inch of movement of the arm produced movement of the rod that would move the clamp and outer housing (sheath) of the cable; however, the cable would not move (and, in turn, move the throttle control) unless the arm was moved in excess of 3/4-inch. This was confirmed by using a borescope to evaluate the butterfly valve position in the throttle body. The amount of forward and aft play in the throttle control showed that, in relation, the butterfly of the carburetor would deflect roughly 10° to 15° at full throttle and 20° to 25° at half throttle. Additionally, the rigging of the throttle cable from the panel to the throttle arm could have resulted in the rhythmic surging of the engine. If the throttle cable hits the stop at the carburetor end before the throttle knob hits the panel, a “bowing” may occur in the throttle cable. When bowed, the cable can act similar to a spring that is unable to provide the intended movement unless aligned. The supplemental type certificate (STC) holder, Univair, was not able to determine where exactly the throttle cable’s clamp, part number, 415-40506, was designed to attach. There are several other recorded instances when similar circumstances have occurred in Ercoupe airplanes. CHI08CA056: Ercoupe 415D – The NTSB determined the probable cause was a loose clamp on the throttle cable which prevented application of engine power. BFO94LA001: Ercoupe 415E – The NTSB determined the probable cause was the failure of the airplane's throttle cable fitting due to undetermined reasons, which prevented the pilot from applying power above engine idle. NASA Aviation Safety ReportingSystem (ASRS) Report 698127: Ercoupe 415C – The report stated that during landing, the engine began surging and they landed on a highway. A post accident examination revealed that “a bracket securing the throttle cable was loose and that this could have allowed the throttle arm on the carburetor to move and thus cause the surging we experienced.” ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3437H](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N3437H), registered now, S/N 4062, built 1946 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: Ercoupe 415 (C) - Registry model: [Ercoupe 415-C](https://openairdocs.org/model/ercoupe-415-c) (registry code 0420322) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental C85 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c85-series) (registry code 17008, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 4062 - Year built: 1946 - Airframe hours: 1749.4 - Engines: Continental Motors C-85 85 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, February 7, 2020, 1 hours before - Departed: TOA, Torrance, CA - Destination: TOA, Torrance, CA - Airport: TOA, Zamperini Field, runway 29R, 5,001 × 150 ft, concrete - Equipment: Handheld GPS, ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 69; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: sport pilot, without waivers/limitations; last flight review February 25, 2018; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 581 total, 350 in this make and model, 5 in the last 90 days, 2.4 in the last 30 days, 0.4 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 280° at 8 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 75 °F, dew point 50 °F - Altimeter: 30.17 inHg - Observed at: KTOA ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200225002212A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200225002212A), Feb 25, 2020: Ercoupe 415-C, Torrance, CA, Substantial damage. An Ercoupe, registration number N3437H, model 415-C, s/n 4062, was performing touch and go landings at Torrance airport on runway 29R. On the third… ## Docket (5 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on December 22, 2021, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=100999. 6.0 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 377 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12947326&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2001%20-%206120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Mechanic examination report (item 2, PDF, 25 pages, 4.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12946711&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2002%20-%20Mechanic%20Statement%20with%20pictures%20(25%20pages)-Rel.pdf - Fuel system description and service bulletins (item 3, PDF, 15 pages, 826 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12947470&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2003%20-Fuel%20System%20Description%20and%20Service%20Bulletins-Rel.pdf - Photograph array (photos provided by the mechanic who performed examination) (item 4, PDF, 4 pages, 518 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12947012&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2004%20-%20Photos-Rel.pdf - Record of conversation (item 5, PDF, 4 pages, 128 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13088251&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2005%20-%20Record%20of%20Conversations%20Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.