# NTSB WPR20LA320: Great Lakes 2T1A, N3617L, San Diego, CA, September 24, 2020 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Serious injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: September 24, 2020, 16:00 local (23:00 UTC) - Place: San Diego, CA · Airport Environment - Coordinates: 32.814278, -117.14122 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=32.8143&lon=-117.1412&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Initial climb](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/350) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Initial climb: Unknown or undetermined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/000) - Highest injury: Serious injuries - Injuries: 1 serious, 1 minor - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA SAN FSDO - NTSB case key (mKey): 102051 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR20LA320 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102051/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102051 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR20LA320 ## Probable cause A loss of engine power for reasons that could not be determined, which resulted in a hard landing off airport. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Great Lakes 2T-1A-2, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md?model=3910101), [All aircraft, 2,247 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Initial climb: Unknown or undetermined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/000) (defining event); cases with it: [Great Lakes 2T-1A-2, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/000/sequence.md?model=3910101), [All aircraft, 1,703 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/000/sequence.md) - [Landing: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Great Lakes 2T-1A-2, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=3910101), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) ## Analysis The flight instructor reported that, during the first takeoff of the day, with the pilot receiving instruction on the flight controls, the engine lost power shortly after takeoff about 350 ft above the runway. The flight instructor took control and established a 75-mph glide and initiated a steep angle-of-bank turn attempting to return to the runway. The flight instructor checked that the throttle, mixture control, and propeller were full forward, and the fuel shutoff was in the ON position. During the descent, the airplane struck a tree then impacted a parking lot adjacent to the airport perimeter. A witness at the airport reported that he heard the engine sputtering and observed it level off about 300 ft above ground level while making a right turn. The engine lost power, the airplane slowed dramatically, and the nose of the airplane started going down. The airplane recovered enough airspeed to bring the nose up just before the collision with a tree north of the runway. The airplane came to rest upright with significant damage to the engine compartment, and substantial damage to the wings and fuselage. Examination of the engine revealed no evidence of any preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions that would have precluded normal operation. The reason for the loss of engine power was not determined. ## Factual narrative On September 24, 2020, at 1624 Pacific daylight time, a Great Lakes 2T-AI-2, biplane, N3617L, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near San Diego, California. The flight instructor sustained serious injuries and the pilot receiving instruction had minor injuries. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 instructional flight. The flight instructor reported that the airplane underwent a preflight and was fueled before the first flight of the day with the pilot receiving instruction. The pilot receiving instruction was on the flight controls for the takeoff and the airplane was climbing at 70-80 mph when he noticed a lack of climb about 350 ft above ground level. The flight instructor took control and started to troubleshoot by checking that the throttle, mixture, and propeller controls were full forward. The fuel shutoff valve was in the ON position. Due to obstructions straight ahead, he initiated a steep turn back to the runway and established a 75-mph glide. The flight instructor saw trees and tried to turn inside of them toward the runway while not departing controlled flight or getting too slow. The airplane subsequently collided with a tree and crashed in a parking lot outside of the airport perimeter. A video surveillance camera captured the airplane in a steep descent after the impact with the tree. A witness at the airport reported that he heard the engine sputtering and looked to see the airplane on takeoff, level off about 300 ft agl while making a right turn. The airplane slowed dramatically, and the nose of the airplane started going down. By the time the airplane had completed a 180o turn, the nose of the airplane was pitched down about 40o. The airplane recovered enough airspeed to bring the nose up when it hit a tree. The engine was partially torn from its mounting points and suffered significant impact damage. The exhaust system sustained crush damage, and the fuel servo broke away from the oil sump. The propeller had separated from the crankshaft, about 1 inch aft of the propeller flange. Both blades were intact and straight and did not exhibit evidence of chordwise scratches or leading-edge nicks. The fuel selector valve sustained impact damage and was found in the OFF position; however, fuel was found in the fuel lines and components downstream. The engine and electrically driven fuel pumps were intact. The crankshaft was rotated, and accessory gear and valve train continuity was established. All eight spark plugs were removed and displayed normal operating signatures. Magneto-to-engine timing was confirmed, and both magnetos sparked with the impulse coupling. A drill was used to rotate the magnetos to speed, and spark was produced on each remaining undamaged ignition lead. Examination of the engine and fuel servo revealed no anomalies. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N3617L](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N3617L-2021-03-06), registration cancelled 2021-03-06, S/N 0815, built 1978 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: GREAT LAKES 2T1A (2) - Registry model: [Great Lakes 2T-1A-2](https://openairdocs.org/model/great-lakes-2t-1a-2) (registry code 3910101) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming AEIO-360 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-aeio-360-series) (registry code 41522, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 0815 - Year built: 1978 - Airframe hours: 2086 - Engines: Lycoming AEIO-360-B166 180 hp reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Instructional, Part 91 - Operator: Association Aircraft - Registered owner: Association Aircraft - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal; Standard, Aerobatic - Last inspection: Annual, August 24, 2020 - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: MYF, Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport, runway 28R, 4,598 × 150 ft, asphalt - Equipment: ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 49; injuries: serious; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1; last flight review October 1, 2019; seat: front; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 11,200 total, 1,600 in this make and model, 7,200 as pilot in command, 280 in the last 90 days, 85 in the last 30 days, 4 in the last 24 hours - Pilot-rated passenger; age 38; injuries: minor; commercial, airline transport, military, flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: powered-lift, helicopter, airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; seat: rear; restraint: 5-point; flight hours: 2,476 total, 4 in this make and model, 838 as pilot in command, 36 in the last 90 days, 18 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 230° at 7 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Temperature: 82 °F, dew point 63 °F - Altimeter: 29.90 inHg - Observed at: KMYF - METAR: KMYF 242153Z 23007KT 10SM CLR 28/17 A2990 RMK AO2 SLP119 T02830172 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20200924016769A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20200924016769A), Sep 24, 2020: Great Lakes 2T-1A-2, San Diego, CA, Substantial damage. Instructor and student, receiving tailwheel instruction, took off from myf airport on runway 28R. Instructor stated shortly after takeoff aircraft lost power,… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on June 8, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102051. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 9 pages, 2.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12570988&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20All%20Redacted_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Pilot's statement from FAA email (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 48 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12284447&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Erich%20Moulder%20-%20verbal%20statement%20rev_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Witness statement (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 240 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12544772&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Witness%20Statement_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Interview notes pilot receiving training (item 4, PDF, 2 pages): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12558089&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Chris%20Stoddard%20Interview_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Engine and airframe exam (item 5, PDF, 14 pages, 4.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12603134&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Airframe%20and%20Engine%20Examination%20WPR20LA320%20JB-Rel.pdf - Video of impact from loading dock (item 6, AVI, 3.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12242312&FileExtension=avi&FileName=kai%20shipping%20dock%201630-1631%20Video-Rel.avi - Photos (item 7, PDF, 7 pages, 7 photos, 11.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=12557144&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photos%20WPR20LA320-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.