# NTSB WPR21FA175: Swearingen SA226-T(B), N59EZ, Winslow, AZ, April 23, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report - Date: April 23, 2021, 15:19 local (22:19 UTC) - Place: Winslow, AZ · flat quarry area - Coordinates: 35.015706, -110.63785 - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=35.0157&lon=-110.6379&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Hartzell Propeller/Hartzell Engine Technologies, Federal Aviation Administration, Honeywell Aerospace - NTSB case key (mKey): 102972 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR21FA175 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102972/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102972 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR21FA175 ## Probable cause The loss of engine power to the right engine for reasons that could not be determined. Contributing to the accident was the pilot’s failure to maintain control of the airplane. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Not determined](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/05000000): Not determined › Not determined · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause) - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause) ## Analysis The pilot was conducting a personal flight and was descending the airplane to the destination airport. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data showed that the airplane accomplished several turning maneuvers near the airport. These turns occurred from an elevation of 6,000 to 4,950 ft mean sea level, at which time the data ended. The airplane was 80 ft above ground level at the time. Witnesses reported seeing a low-flying airplane perform a turn and then veer toward the ground. The airplane came to rest about 4 miles east of the destination airport and 70 ft from the last data target. A postcrash fire ensued. Postaccident examination of the airframe and engines found no mechanical anomalies that would have precluded normal operation. Examination of the left engine revealed that the engine was likely producing power. The right engine examination revealed damage consistent with low or no rotation at the time of the accident, including distinct, localized contact marks on the rotating propeller shaft. In addition, no metal spray was found in the turbine section, and no dirt was found within the combustor section. The examination of the right propeller blades showed chordwise scoring with the blades bent aft and twisted toward a low-pitch setting. Examination of the fuel system noted no anomalies. The airplane was equipped with a single redline (SRL) autostart computer. Examination of the right (R) SRL-OFF annunciator panel light bulb showed signatures of hot filament stretch, which was consistent with illumination of the light at the time of the accident. The SRL light normally extinguishes above an engine speed of 80% rpm. Given the low rotational signatures on the right engine and the illuminated “R SRL OFF” warning light, it is likely that the right engine lost engine power during the flight for reasons that could not be determined. ## Factual narrative History of Flight On April 24, 2021, about 1519 mountain standard time, a Swearingen SA226-T(B) twin engine airplane, N59EZ, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Winslow-Lindbergh Regional Airport (INW), Winslow, Arizona. The pilot and passenger were fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The airplane departed from Scottsdale Airport (SDL), Scottsdale, Arizona, about 1409 with an intended destination of INW. No flight plan was filed, and no contact was attempted between the pilot and air traffic control during the flight. Recorded ADS-B data showed that, after takeoff, the airplane proceeded north with some deviations, climbing to about 12,000 ft above mean sea level (msl) by about 1430. Between about 1430 and 1440, the airplane climbed to an altitude above 17,000 ft msl and performed two 360° turns. About 1452, the airplane began a descent into the Winslow area. The airplane circled over INW for about 15 minutes at altitudes between 6,000 and 9,500 ft msl while the airplane’s calibrated airspeed varied between 140 and 220 knots. About 1511, the airplane turned away from INW on a north-northeast heading before turning back toward the airport after about 1514. At 1516:30, the airplane began a right descending turn with a corresponding deceleration in airspeed. During the final 2 minutes of flight, the airplane descended steadily while slowing from 200 to about 125 knots. The airplane continued to slow while aligning with Interstate 40 (I-40). At 1519:15, the airplane began a turn to the right and away from I-40. The final ADS-B reported altitude for the airplane was 4,950 ft msl (about 80 ft above ground level). Figure 1 shows the airplane’s track. Figure 1. ADS-B track for the accident flight. Witnesses driving eastbound on I-40 saw a low-flying airplane that appeared to bank “hard” to the north and then veer toward the ground. The witnesses subsequently observed a fireball and black smoke. The airplane came to rest about 4 miles east of INW. The accident site was about 70 ft from the last ADS-B target. Aircraft Information The airplane was equipped with a single redline (SRL) autostart computer, which controlled three functions: engine speed switching functions, automatic start fuel enrichment, and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) computation. According to the Honeywell TPE331 Pilot Tips manual, the SRL system computer automatically switches on at 80% RPM or higher, is used with the Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) indicating system and provides a constant temperature indication, which equates to maximum Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) under varying atmospheric conditions. The manual also stated that the SRL light would normally extinguish above 80% rpm. Wreckage and Impact Information The airplane came to rest inverted in a rock quarry and was contained within a flat portion of the quarry. The postcrash fire consumed the wreckage. The first identified point ofimpact was a ground mark about 10 ft from a barbed-wire fence. Two metal fence posts, about 12 ft apart from each other, were not damaged or disturbed (see figure 2). Figure 2. Barbed wire fence and fence posts. The debris path was oriented on a 028° heading that extended to the main wreckage (see figure 3), which was about 410 ft from the first identified point of impact. All major structural components of the airplane were located within the wreckage debris path. Both wings were separated from the fuselage, and both engines had separated from their respective wings. Both propeller assemblies had separated from their respective engines and were found in the debris field. Flight control continuity was established throughout the airframe. There was no evidence that indicated any pre existing mechanical malfunction with the airframe. Figure 3. Main wreckage (Source: Navajo County Sheriff Department). Fuel System The right-side fuel system had sustained impact and thermal damage from the collector tank outboard. The fuel outlet lines for both fuel pumps were separated from their associated fittings and sustained thermal damage. The fuel fittings and fuel lines from the fuel pumps to the engine were not located. The right-side fuel vent line sustained impact and thermal damage; when compressed air was applied to the fuel vent line, no air flow was noted. Movement of the fuel line expelled debris consistent with the internal portions of the fuel line. The fuel tank had been breached. The associated check valves remained intact; when compressed air was applied to the system, air flowed freely through it. The left-side fuel system was intact from the wing root to the fuel shutoff valve, and all fuel lines were secure at their fittings. The outlet fuel lines from the primary and auxiliary fuel pumps were disconnected; when compressed air was applied to the lines, air was expelled from the fuel line that attached to the fuel shutoff valve. The fuel shutoff valve was removed and found to be in the open position. The associated check valves were intact; when compressed air was applied to the system, air flowed freely through it. The cross-feed tube was intact. It was removed and found to be in the closed position. Each engine’s two fuel boost pumps were removed and examined. No mechanical anomalies were identified that would have precluded all four fuel boost pumps from operating normally before the thermal exposure. Left (No. 1) Engine Visual examination of the left engine revealed thermal damage to the accessory gearbox housing and various external fluid lines. The high-speed coupling shaft was fractured, and hand rotation of the low-pressure turbine did not produce a corresponding rotation of the propeller shaft. Evidence indicating that the left engine was operating at the time of impact included circumferential scoring on rotating components, torsional fracture of the coupling shaft, elongation of the propeller shaft locating dowel hole, dirt debriswithin the combustor section, and metal spray on turbine components. There was no evidence that indicated any pre-existing mechanical malfunction with the left engine. Right (No. 2) Engine Visual examination of the right engine revealed no signs of an uncontained failure or fire damage. Engine continuity was confirmed using hand rotation of the low-pressure turbine, which produced a corresponding rotation of the propeller. Localized contact marks were observed along the outer diameter of the propeller shaft; these marks were consistent with contact marks observed on the sun gear inner diameter. The compressor section remained intact and had no impact or mechanical damage. No metal spray was observed on the turbine blades or nozzle airfoils. The local contact marks, intact compressor section, and lack of metal spray on the turbine blades and nozzle airfoils were consistent with the No. 2 engine having low or no rotation at the time of the accident. A functional test and teardown of the fuel control unit and propeller governor were performed. Both units operated within the manufacturer’s specifications. The fuel control unit was disassembled; no significant damage was observed to any of the internal components that would have precluded normal operation. Propeller Assemblies Both the left and right propeller assemblies separated from their respective engines during the accident sequence. The left propeller blades were bent forward in the thrust direction, with twisting toward high pitch, face-side chordwise scoring, bending opposite the direction of rotation tip fractures and leading-edge gouging. There was no evidence of any preexisting mechanical malfunction with the airframe, No 1 (left) engine and propeller. The manufacturer determined the impact signatures on the left propeller were consistent with a high-power setting. The right propeller blades were bent aft and twisted toward low pitch with some rotation scoring found predominately on the camber side without tip fractures. The manufacturer determined the impact signatures on the right propeller were consistent with a low-to-zero power setting. Annunciator Panel The annunciator panel was submitted to the National Transportation Safety Board’s Materials Laboratory in Washington, DC, for examination. The panel contained 48 individual annunciators, and each annunciator contained two bulbs. One annunciator light, R-SRL OFF (right single redline off), displayed hot filament stretch in both bulbs. ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering: Loss of engine power (partial)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/342) (defining event) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N59EZ](https://openairdocs.org/deregistered/N59EZ-2023-09-27), registration cancelled 2023-09-27, S/N 394 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: SWEARINGEN SA226-T(B) - Registry model: [Swearingen SA226-T(B)](https://openairdocs.org/model/swearingen-sa226-t-b) (registry code 8780406) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 394 - Year built: 1981 - Airframe hours: 5959.5 - Engines: Honeywell TPE331-10U-512G 900 horsepower turbo prop; Honeywell TPE331-10U-512G 900 horsepower turbo prop - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: On-Ground - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Unknown - Last inspection: Annual, September 20, 2017 - Departed: SDL, Scottsdale, AZ - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: INW, Winslow-Lindbergh Rgnl - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 71; injuries: fatal; private; airplane ratings: single-engine sea, multi-engine sea, single-engine land, multi-engine land; medical: class 3, with waivers/limitations; toxicology performed; flight hours: 10,000 total ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 220° at 24 knots, gusting 30 - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 21 °F - Altimeter: 29.93 inHg - Observed at: KINW, 4 nm away - METAR: METAR KINW 242156Z AUTO 22024G30KT 10SM CLR 26/M06 A2993 RMK AO2 PK WND 22034/2130 SLP078 T02561061 TSNO= ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210423009249A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210423009249A), Apr 23, 2021: Swearingen SA226-T(B), Winslow, AZ, Destroyed, 2 fatal. Initial report from western service area roc date 04/23/2021, 2110Z stated ?N59EZ taxied out to the blast fence for about an hour. N59EZ then advised they were… ## Docket (21 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on September 27, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102972. 46.9 MB in all. - Witness statements (item 1, PDF, 2 pages, 8.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454425&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Witness%20Statements_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Aircraft performance study (item 2, PDF, 8 pages, 2.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15071079&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA175Performance_Study-Rel.pdf - N59EZ_adsb_data (item 3, CSV, 5.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15071304&FileExtension=csv&FileName=20210423_A79B8A_452464726_ADSB-Rel.csv - Powerplants - group chairman's factual report (item 4, PDF, 34 pages, 51 photos, 4.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=13226079&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=TPE%20331%20Factual%20WPR21FA175-Rel.pdf - Powerplants - factual report attachment no. 1 (item 5, PDF, 7 pages, 2.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16105170&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Attachment%201%20-%20FCU%20ATP-Rel.pdf - TPE331 pilot tips - Honeywell (item 6, PDF, 116 pages, 1.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16067777&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=garett-engine-manual-Rel.pdf - Powerplants - factual report attachment no. 2 (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 73 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16105576&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Attachment%202%20-%20Fuel%20Pump%20ATP-Rel.pdf - On site report - NTSB (item 8, PDF, 5 pages, 862 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454916&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA175%20On%20Site%20Examination-Rel.pdf - NTSB annunciator panel report (item 9, PDF, 3 pages, 367 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15457164&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20Annunciator%20Report-Rel.pdf - Fuel system examination report (item 10, PDF, 5 pages, 884 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16105322&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=fuel%20system%20examination%20report-Rel.pdf - Airframe and engine examination report (item 11, PDF, 19 pages, 2.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15934258&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Follow%20up%20Investigation%20Field%20Notes%20WPR21FA175%20N59EZ%20Winslow,%20AZ-Rel.pdf - Parker aerospace fuel boost pump examination report (item 12, PDF, 8 pages, 3.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15934897&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Swearingen%20Fuel%20Boost%20Pump%20Exam%20WPR21FA175%207-18-2023-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report pilot (item 13, PDF, 1 page, 133 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454339&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WWhittington%20Tox%20%202021_056_001_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report passenger (item 14, PDF, 1 page, 126 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454383&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=SKirkby%20Tox%202021_056_002_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Memorandum of record - autopsy (item 15, PDF, 1 page, 63 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15999188&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Memo%20for%20Record%20Autopsy-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation honywell (item 16, PDF, 14 pages, 486 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15455018&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Party%20Rep%20Statement%20-%20Honeywell_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 17, PDF, 1 page, 198 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454564&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA175%20Hartzell%20Party%20Form_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Reports from parties to the investigation - hartzell propeller exam report (item 18, PDF, 29 pages, 9.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15457552&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA175%20Propeller%20Exam%20Report%20No.%20210423%20-%20FINAL_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 19, PDF, 3 pages, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15454124&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Wreckage%20Release_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 - aircraft records (item 20, PDF, 4 pages, 2.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15934850&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA175%20Records%20Release%20-%20Nov%2018%202021%20-%2008-39_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Evidence control form (item 21, PDF, 4 pages, 162 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16001037&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Chain%20of%20Custody_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.