# NTSB WPR21FA265: North Wing Mustang, Albany, OR, July 10, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report - Date: July 9, 2021, 20:51 local (Jul 10, 2021, 03:51 UTC) - Place: Albany, OR - Coordinates: 44.695371, -123.08215 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.6954&lon=-123.0821&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Maneuvering](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/450) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 2 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 103450 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR21FA265 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/103450/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=103450 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR21FA265 ## Probable cause The noncertificated pilot’s loss of aircraft control after a low-level turn with a bank angle that exceeded the manufacturer’s operating limitations. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Performance/control parameters: lateral/bank control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062023): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [All aircraft, 390 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062023/cases.md) - [Experience/qualifications: qualification/certification](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031010): Personnel issues › Experience/knowledge · Pilot; cases with it: [All aircraft, 280 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02031010/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Maneuvering-low-alt flying: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event); cases with it: [All aircraft, 5,002 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240/sequence.md) ## Analysis After departure, the pilot of the weight-shift-control trike flew for about 3.3 miles. When the trike was at an altitude of about 230 ft above the ground, it banked to the left in an almost 90° turn. The left wing continued to drop down, and the aircraft descended toward the ground as the turn tightened. The aircraft impacted the ground in a nose-low attitude. Postaccident examination of the aircraft, including the flight controls, structure, and engine, revealed no evidence of any mechanical anomalies. The engine speed was within its normal range while the aircraft was banked. According to the manufacturer, the aircraft’s limitations included not exceeding bank angles of 60° and pitch angles of 30°. The manufacturer’s manual stated that flying the aircraft with a bank angle exceeding 60° “should never be attempted under any circumstance.” The pilot flew the aircraft in a manner that was not consistent with the manufacturer’s guidance and lost control of the aircraft during the low-level left turn due to the excessive bank angle. ## Factual narrative A video study was performed on the captured imagery to estimate the aircraft’s ground track, groundspeed, altitude, and roll angle. The estimated groundspeed when the aircraft initiated a left turn was 60 ± 3 mph (52 ± 3 knots). The altitude above ground level was 233 ± 10 ft at that time. The left-wing-down roll angle increased to almost 90º about 6 seconds after the turn was initiated. The aircraft impacted the ground about 9 seconds afterward. The engine speed was within its normal range, and the aircraft roll angle was increasing at a high rate. The experimental light-sport, weight-shift-control aircraft had tricycle landing gear and a braced fabric wing. The two-place tandem cockpit frame was constructed of welded steel framing with a fiberglass cockpit fairing encompassing the frame. The wing was manufactured on December 8, 2015, and had a maximum gross weight of 1,060 pounds. The aircraft had stall speed at gross weight of 37 mph, a maximum speed of 62 mph, and a never-exceed speed of 70 mph. The aircraft’s limitations included not exceeding bank angles of 60° and pitch angles of 30°. The aircraft’s tachometer indicated the engine had a total time of 287 hours. According to the North Wing Mustang 3-15 Wing Manual, No wing on the market is totally safe. It is entirely possible to push any aircraft beyond its tolerances and damage or even break a wing. Very strong weather conditions may also cause structural failure. Aerobatics maneuvers, pitch angles beyond 30 degrees up or down, bank angles exceeding 60 degrees, aggressive stalls, and spins are maneuvers that should never be attempted under any circumstance. CAUTION The speed never to exceed for the MUSTANG 3-15 is 70 mph. The MUSTANG 3-15, even when flown in its lightest wing loading, can exceed [an] airspeed of 70 mph.” On July 9, 2021, about 2051 Pacific daylight time, an experimental amateur-built North Wing Mustang 3 weight-shift-control trike, which was not registered, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Millersburg, Oregon. The noncertificated pilot and passenger were fatally injured. The aircraft was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. According to family members, the pilot and passenger departed from the pilot’s home airport in Albany, Oregon. After overflying the pilot’s home, located about 4,000 ft north of the airport, the aircraft continued northeast for about 3.3 miles. The aircraft then turned left and flew close to the passenger’s home before impacting the ground (see figure 1). Figure 1. Likely flightpath impact Several witnesses on the ground recorded the airplane’s maneuvers on their mobile phone devices. A review of those videos showed that the aircraft banked to the left in an almost 90° turn. The left wing continued to drop downward, and the aircraft descended toward the ground as the turn tightened. The aircraft impacted terrain in a left-wing-low attitude (see figure 2). Figure 2. Excerpts froma mobile phone video. The pilot, who owned the trike, did not hold a pilot certificate, and his flight experience is unknown. On-site examination of the aircraft, including the flight controls, structure, and engine, revealed no evidence of any mechanical anomalies. Grounds scars and the orientation of the wreckage were consistent with the aircraft impacting the ground in a nose-low attitude. No manufacturing anomalies were noted with the aircraft. The wooden propeller assembly was shattered and exhibited signatures consistent with the engine producing power at the time of impact. Individual wires were separated at the nose; the wires were examined by the National Transportation Safety Board’s Materials Laboratory, which determined that the wires had fractured in overstress. The pilot’s family stated that a postaccident engine examination found no evidence of a preimpact mechanical malfunction or failure. ## Aircraft - Registration: UNREG (not matched to a registry record) - Reported make and model: North Wing Mustang (3) - Category: Weight-shift, amateur-built - Serial number: 510282 - Year built: 2015 - Engines: Yamaha RX-1 140 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: None - Departed: S21, Albany, OR - Equipment: None ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 53; injuries: fatal; seat: front; restraint: 3-point; toxicology performed ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Dusk - Wind: 290° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 81 °F, dew point 55 °F - Altimeter: 29.99 inHg - Observed at: KSLE, 13 nm away - METAR: KSLE 100356Z AUTO 29005KT 10SM CLR 27/13 A2999 RMK AO2 SLP154 T02670133 ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on August 16, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=103450. 14.7 MB in all. - Video study (item 1, PDF, 7 pages, 576 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15554111&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Albany_Video_Study_final-Rel.pdf - Investigative supplemental material (item 2, PDF, 12 pages, 3.0 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15789975&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2001%20-%20Investigation%20Supplemental%20Materials-Rel.pdf - Materials laboratory note about cable (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 520 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15789944&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2002%20-%20Materials%20Factual%20Notes%20Cable-Rel.pdf - Records of conversations (item 4, PDF, 1 page, 97 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15789352&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Z%20-%20Attachment%2003%20-%20Record%20of%20Conversation-Rel.pdf - Witness video 1 (item 5, MP4, 5.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15914727&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=Witness%20Liz%20Irish-Rel.mp4 - Witness video 2 (item 6, MP4, 4.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15913926&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=Witness%20Mike%20Peterson-Rel.mp4 - Medical factual report (item 7, PDF, 7 pages, 166 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15880439&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR21FA265_MedicalFactualReport-Rel.pdf - Toxicological report - pilot (item 8, PDF, 2 pages, 251 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15788720&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=pilot%20tox_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.