# NTSB WPR21LA131: Cessna T210M, N886KH, Leadore, ID, March 15, 2021 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: March 15, 2021, 10:30 local (16:30 UTC) - Place: Leadore, ID - Coordinates: 44.676593, -113.35672 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=44.6766&lon=-113.3567&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 2 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: FAA - NTSB case key (mKey): 102758 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR21LA131 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/102758/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102758 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR21LA131 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to attain the proper touchdown point on a graveled surfaced runway with insufficient landing performance and subsequent loss of control during the landing roll. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 7 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md) - [Landing gear system: landing gear brakes system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Incorrect use/operation (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 92 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023240/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: surface speed/braking](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Capability exceeded (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 238 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062045/cases.md) - [Performance/control parameters: directional control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 5 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 3,958 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062020/cases.md) - [Airport facilities/design: runway/landing area condition](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03017035): Environmental issues › Operating environment · Effect on equipment; cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03017035/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 61 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/03017035/cases.md) - [Use of equip/info: use of equip/system](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 3 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 1,391 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063015/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Landing: Landing area overshoot](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 2 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 400 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/380/sequence.md) - [Landing-landing roll: Runway excursion](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna T210M, 6 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md?model=2073451), [All aircraft, 3,643 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/300/sequence.md) ## Analysis The pilot circled the runway to determine the wind direction and examine the runway surface conditions. The runway surface consisted of deteriorated asphalt and gravel. The pilot reportedly touched down 1/3 the way down the runway and experienced a lack of braking effectiveness. He then pushed the brake pedal to the floor as he neared the end of the runway. The airplane exited the runway near the departure end, continued across the airport property, and impacted a small berm before coming to rest near a building. The first identifiable marks on the runway were skid marks that began 2,600 ft down the 3,500 ft long runway and continued off the runway. Tire marks continued over the rough terrain, over the berm and through a barbed wire fence before where the airplane came to rest. It is likely that the airplane’s brakes were not effective due to the deteriorated asphalt and gravel on the runway surface. Also, it is likely that the pilot applied an abundance of pressure due to the lack of runway remaining, preventing the proper braking for the runway surface condition. During the postaccident examination the right main landing gear brake line was separated near the caliper and line fitting. The line was examined and determined that the fracture surfaces were consistent with an overstress fracture. It likely that the line was damaged during the accident sequence. The pilot’s decision to land long on a gravel runway likely resulted in an inability to maintain control of the airplane during the landing roll. ## Factual narrative On March 15, 2021, about 1030 mountain daylight time, a Cessna T210M airplane, N886KH, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Leadore, Idaho. The pilot and passenger were not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. In a written statement, the pilot described the flight to Leadore Airport (U00), Leadore, Idaho, as smooth and uneventful. After arriving over the airport, the pilot circled runway to determine the wind direction for landing and examine the airport runway surface conditions. After the airplane landed on runway 29, the pilot applied brake pressure. According to local law enforcement, the pilot reportedly landed about 1/3 of the length down the runway at an airspeed of about 80 knots. Shortly after the pilot’s application of brake pressure, he realized the “brakes were not effective” and that he needed to apply more pressure during the landing roll. The airplane subsequently veered to the right, exiting the runway near the departure end. The airplane continued across the airport property impacting a small berm and came to rest near a building. The elevation at U00 is 6,029 ft mean sea level (msl) and runway 29 is a 3,500 ft long “rough”-surfaced runway. Accident site photos revealed that the approach end of runway had freshly mowed bunchgrass, while the remaining runway was covered in deteriorated asphalt and gravel. The first identifiable contact with the runway surface was a set of marks consistent with skidding tires, about 2,600 ft from the approach end of the runway, with about 900 ft of runway remaining. The skid marks continued off the runway and traveled through low sagebrush, impacting a small berm, through a barbed wire fence with metal poles, and ended near the main wreckage. The main wreckage was found about 420 ft from the departure end of the runway. The right main landing gear brake line near the wheel brake assembly was bent downward and separated from the caliper’s B-nut fitting. The horizontal stabilizers and elevators had substantial damage and the left main landing gear collapsed. The flaps were set to about 30°. A postaccident examination of the airplane’s brake system was conducted. The brake pedals were activated and showed no pressure and some residual brake fluid in the system. The right main landing gear brake hydraulic line was separated near the caliper and line fitting. Examination of the separated hydraulic line fracture surfaces were consistent with an overstress fracture. No other anomalies were noted. The Pilot’s Operating Handbook contained landing distance information for a dry, paved surface runway. Investigators calculated the airplane’s landing performance based on ambient temperature, calm wind, zero runway slope, an airplane maximum weight, 6,000 ft msl and flaps at 30°. Estimated landing distance over a 50 ft obstacle and ground roll were 1,710 and 905 ft, respectively. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N886KH](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N886KH), registered now, S/N 21061727, built 1977 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA T210M - Registry model: [Cessna T210M](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-t210m) (registry code 2073451) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental TSIO-520 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-tsio-520-series) (registry code 17040, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 21061727 - Year built: 1977 - Airframe hours: 1436 - Engines: Continental Motors TSIO-550-R 310 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Operator: Lexi Air LLC - Registered owner: Lexi Air LLC - Airworthiness certificate: None - Last inspection: 100 hour, September 18, 2020, 28 hours before - Departed: BOI, Boise, ID - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: U00, Leadore, runway 11/29, 3,500 × 140 ft, asphalt ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 34; injuries: none; airline transport; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, without waivers/limitations; last flight review March 29, 2021; seat: left; flight hours: 4,950 total, 90 in this make and model, 3,017 as pilot in command, 64 in the last 90 days, 55 in the last 30 days, 0 in the last 24 hours ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: calm - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 36 °F, dew point 28 °F - Altimeter: 29.85 inHg - Observed at: SMN, 35 nm away ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20210315000959A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20210315000959A), Mar 15, 2021: Cessna T210M, Leadore, ID, Substantial damage. The pilot departed boi at 0930 local time. Upon arriving at U00, Leadore, ID, he circled the airport to determine wind direction/speed because he could not see… ## Docket (7 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on April 5, 2023, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=102758. 7.7 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15195728&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120%20as_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photo array-lemhi county sheriffs office (item 2, PDF, 8 pages, 3.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15197432&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Courtesy%20of%20the%20Sheriff%27s%20Department-Rel.pdf - Postaccident examination-notes (item 3, PDF, 2 pages, 151 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15196258&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Mechanics%20Notes_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Photo array-google earth images (item 4, PDF, 4 pages, 566 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15196604&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-Google%20Earth%20Images-Rel.pdf - Pilots operating handbook-performance excerpts (item 5, PDF, 2 pages, 66 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15198290&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pages%20from%20Model%20210_T210_T210M_T210M_1977_POH_D1095-13-Rel.pdf - Photo array-main landing gear brake line. (item 6, PDF, 3 pages, 401 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15196614&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Photo%20Array-MLG%20Line-Rel.pdf - Sheriffs report-excerpts (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 1.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15198416&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Pages%20from%20Sheriff%27s%20Report_Redacted-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.