# NTSB WPR22LA250: Cessna 172P, N90558, Portland, OR, July 8, 2022

- Type: NTSB accident investigation
- Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 4 · Limited · Final report
- Date: July 7, 2022, 20:35 local (Jul 8, 2022, 03:35 UTC)
- Place: Portland, OR · On airport
- Coordinates: 45.542122, -122.95072 (estimated)
- Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=45.5421&lon=-122.9507&mi=10
- Phase of flight: [Landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/550) (OpenAirDocs' grouping)
- Defining event: [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092)
- Highest injury: No injuries
- Injuries: 3 uninjured
- Status: Completed
- Report: Approved by Office Director
- Investigation class: Class 4 - Basic report with no Prelim publish
- NTSB office: Western Pacific Region
- Parties: FAA
- NTSB case key (mKey): 105462
- NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR22LA250
- NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/105462/pdf
- NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105462
- Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR22LA250

## Probable cause

The pilot under instruction’s improper landing flare, and the flight instructor’s delayed remedial action.

## Findings

NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause.

- [Action: delayed action](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Instructor/check pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172P, 9 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md?model=2072436), [All aircraft, 894 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041025/cases.md)
- [Info processing/decision: decision making/judgment](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520): Personnel issues › Action/decision · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172P, 20 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md?model=2072436), [All aircraft, 3,098 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02041520/cases.md)
- [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Student/instructed pilot (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172P, 76 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md?model=2072436), [All aircraft, 9,295 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040/cases.md)
- [Performance/control parameters: landing flare](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause); cases with it: [Cessna 172P, 38 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md?model=2072436), [All aircraft, 1,285 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062041/cases.md)

## Sequence of events

The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened.

- [Landing-flare/touchdown: Hard landing](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092) (defining event); cases with it: [Cessna 172P, 39 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md?model=2072436), [All aircraft, 2,102 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/092/sequence.md)

## Analysis

The flight instructor reported that, during the instructional flight, the pilot under instruction was practicing an instrument approach. The pilot started the flare about 30 ft above ground level (agl) which caused the airspeed to decrease. The airplane subsequently landed hard, and the airplane bounced. The flight instructor took control of the airplane and applied full power. However, the airplane banked left, the left wing struck the ground, and the airplane exited the left side of the runway. The airplane’s left wing and aileron were substantially damaged. The flight instructor reported that there were no preaccident mechanical failures or malfunctions with the airplane that would have precluded normal operation.

## Aircraft

- Registration: [N90558](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N90558), registered now, S/N 17274773 (OpenAirDocs)
- Reported make and model: CESSNA 172P
- Registry model: [Cessna 172P](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-172p) (registry code 2072436) (OpenAirDocs)
- Registry engine: [Lycoming 0-320 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-0-320-series) (registry code 41508, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs)
- Category: Airplane
- Serial number: 17274773
- Year built: 1982
- Airframe hours: 15607.7
- Engines: LYCOMING 0-320-D2J 160 horsepower reciprocating
- Damage: Substantial damage
- Flight: Instructional, Part 91
- Operator: Hillsboro Aero Academy
- Registered owner: Hagele Aviation LLC
- Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal
- Last inspection: Annual, June 7, 2022
- Destination: Same as departure
- Airport: HIO, Portland-Hillsboro, runway 31L, 6,600 × 150 ft, asphalt
- Equipment: Electronic primary flight display, ADS-B, Stall warning system

## Flight crew

As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names.

- Student pilot; age 29; injuries: none; private; airplane ratings: single-engine land; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review October 18, 2022; seat: left; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 119 total, 38 in this make and model, 44 as pilot in command, 28 in the last 90 days, 23 in the last 30 days
- Flight instructor; age 31; injuries: none; flight instructor; airplane ratings: multi-engine land, single-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; last flight review June 19, 2021; seat: rear; restraint: 3-point; flight hours: 823 total, 345 in this make and model, 698 as pilot in command, 174 in the last 90 days, 54 in the last 30 days, 5 in the last 24 hours

## Weather

- Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day
- Wind: 320° at 8 knots
- Visibility: 10 statute miles
- Lowest ceiling: 5,000 ft broken
- Temperature: 70 °F, dew point 59 °F
- Altimeter: 30.03 inHg
- Observed at: KHIO
- METAR: KHIO 080253Z 32008KT 10SM BKN050 BKN080 OVC100 21/15 A3003 RMK AO2 SLP166 T02110150 53002

## FAA reports on this event (1)

The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs).

- [Accident 20220707007219A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20220707007219A), Jul 7, 2022: Cessna 172P, Hillsboro, OR, Substantial damage. During approach to rwy 31L student pilot flared early resulting in stall at approximately 30 ft AGL. Aircraft impacted runway bounced and veered left off…

## Docket (3 files)

The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 22, 2022, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=105462. 3.0 MB in all.

- Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.2 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14687902&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=6120_1_Redacted-Rel.pdf
- Record of conversation (item 2, PDF, 2 pages, 189 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14688362&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Record%20of%20Conversation-Rel.pdf
- Photographs (item 3, PDF, 3 pages, 568 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14688146&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Photos-Rel.pdf

From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model.

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