# NTSB WPR23FA044: Gallagher XLT-RG, N101BH, Banning, CA, November 23, 2022 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · Fatal · Class 3 · Field · Final report - Date: November 22, 2022, 18:24 local (Nov 23, 2022, 02:24 UTC) - Place: Banning, CA · Open Field - Coordinates: 33.9285, -116.83644 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=33.9285&lon=-116.8364&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Enroute](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/400) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Enroute: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150) - Highest injury: Fatal - Injuries: 1 fatal - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 106352 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR23FA044 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/106352/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106352 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23FA044 ## Probable cause An inflight engine fire for reasons that could not be determined that resulted in impact with terrain. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Turbocharging (recip only): turbocharger](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058120): Aircraft › Aircraft power plant · Unknown/Not determined (probable cause); cases with it: [Gallagher XLT-RG, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058120/cases.md?model=05615SX), [All aircraft, 29 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01058120/cases.md) ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Enroute: Fire/smoke (non-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150) (defining event); cases with it: [Gallagher XLT-RG, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md?model=05615SX), [All aircraft, 504 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/150/sequence.md) - [Uncontrolled descent: Collision with terr/obj (non-CFIT) ](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470); cases with it: [Gallagher XLT-RG, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md?model=05615SX), [All aircraft, 10,189 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/470/sequence.md) - [Post-impact: Fire/smoke (post-impact)](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170); cases with it: [Gallagher XLT-RG, 1 case](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md?model=05615SX), [All aircraft, 354 cases](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/170/sequence.md) ## Analysis Multiple witnesses observed fire and a trail of smoke coming from the rear of the experimental, amateur-built airplane as it flew overhead; the airplane was equipped with a rear-mounted engine. The airplane appeared to be in a level flight attitude and the fire progressively worsened as it continued toward a nearby airport. The airplane subsequently impacted the ground about 11/2 miles northeast of the airport, where most of the airplane was consumed by a postcrash fire. Postaccident examination of the airplane revealed that the inflight fire likely started near the turbocharger; however, the exact origin could not be determined due to damage from the inflight and postcrash fires. There were no other mechanical malfunctions or failures identified during the postaccident examination that would have precluded normal operation. ## Factual narrative The airplane logbooks were not located for the accident airplane; they may have been on board the airplane and destroyed in the postcrash fire. On November 22, 2022, about 1824, Pacific standard time, an experimental, amateur-built XLT-RG (Velocity), N101BH, was destroyed when it was involved in an accident near Banning, California. The pilot was fatally injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. Witnesses in the local area as well as people driving on Interstate 10 observed an airplane on fire, and it appeared to them that it was attempting to land at a nearby airport. One witness reported that the airplane did not exhibit any erratic movements and appeared to be in stable flight as it crossed the interstate. As the airplane continued its flight path toward the Banning Municipal Airport (BNG), Banning, California, the fire progressively worsened. Shortly thereafter, the airplane entered a right bank and impacted terrain. Video footage from a nearby weight station security camera showed the accident airplane on fire before impacting desert terrain. A dashcam video provided by a motorist traveling on the interstate showed the accident airplane on fire before it impacted terrain. Recorded ADS-B data showed that the airplane departed from Eagle Roost Airpark (27AZ), Aguila, Arizona, about 1809 mountain standard time, and proceeded on a westerly heading toward California. About 6 miles from BNG, ADS-B data was lost for the remainder of the flight, with the last reported altitude of 5,975 ft mean sea level. The last recorded ADS-B target was north of Interstate 10. An autopsy of the pilot was performed by the Riverside County Sheriff’s Coroner Division. According to the autopsy report, the cause of death was blunt force trauma and thermal exposure. The Federal Aviation Administration Forensic Sciences Laboratory performed toxicological testing on specimens from the pilot. The toxicology was positive for glucose, 46 (mg/dL) in vitreous, diphenhydramine 45 (ng/mL, ng/g) in blood and cetirizine 38 (ng/mL, ng/g) in blood and 1,644 (ng/mL, ng/g) in urine. Diphenhydramine is a sedating antihistamine (commonly marketed as Benadryl) and is available over the counter in many products used to treat colds, allergies, and insomnia. Diphenhydramine carries the warning that use of the medication may impair mental and physical ability to perform potentially hazardous tasks, including driving or operating heavy machinery. The therapeutic range is 25 to 100 ng/mL, and it has a half-life of 3 to 14 hours. Diphenhydramine undergoes postmortem redistribution, and central levels may be two to three times higher than peripheral levels. Cetirizine is a second-generation antihistamine used to relieve hay fever and allergy symptoms. It is available over the counter, commonly marketed as Zyrtec. Although designed to be less sedating than the first-generation antihistamines, cetirizine does have some sedatingproperties. The therapeutic range is between 190 and 1,450 ng/mL; the elimination half-life is between 6.5 and 10 hours. FAA provides guidance on wait times before flying after using these antihistamines. Examination of the accident site revealed that the airplane impacted hard-packed flat desert terrain about 11/2 miles northeast of BNG. All major structural components of the airplane were observed at the main wreckage and within the debris path. The airplane was mostly consumed by the inflight and postcrash fires, with the surrounding vegetation also fire damaged. The first identified point of contact was about 86 ft from the main wreckage. The main wreckage came to rest upright on a magnetic heading of 020°. The right canard and various portions of the airplane were in the debris path. The forward elevators remained attached to the fuselage and were mostly thermally consumed. All three landing gear remained attached to the main wreckage. The instrument panel and avionics were thermally destroyed. The rear-mounted engine remained attached to the engine mounts; it was partially separated from the firewall and was thermally damaged. There were no obvious holes to the engine case. The oil cooler and hydraulic pump were in the debris field. A portion of the turbocharger was visible at the accident site and remained partially attached to the engine. Flight control continuity was established from the cockpit to each control surface via cables and hardware. The wing spars remained attached to the engine and engine firewall. The right-wing spar sustained more fire damage to the wing root area than the left-wing spar. The postaccident examination of the engine revealed no mechanical anomalies except for the area surrounding the turbocharger. The entire firewall had varying degrees of thermal discoloration and sooting with significant whitening and oxidation in the lower right quadrant. The aluminum cover on the “cold” side of the turbocharger was melted, with a large amount of missing material. The “hot” side of the turbocharger remained attached at its mounting pad at the engine, along with the turbocharger intake tube. The turbocharger intake tube was sooted internally but not damaged. The turbocharger relief valve remained attached to the heat shroud and sustained thermal damage. A distinctive V-shaped burn pattern was found to the right of the oil filter, oil pump, and right magneto plate. The pattern extended down to the right toward the turbocharger. ## Aircraft - Registration: [N101BH](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N101BH), registered now, S/N 01, built 2003 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: GALLAGHER XLT-RG - Registry model: [Gallagher XLT-RG](https://openairdocs.org/model/gallagher-xlt-rg) (registry code 05615SX) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Lycoming TI0-540 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/lycoming-ti0-540-series) (registry code 41533, turbo-prop) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane, amateur-built - Serial number: 01 - Year built: 2003 - Engines: LYCOMING TIO-540-EXP 350 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Destroyed - Fire: Both - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Special, Experimental (Special) - Departed: 27AZ, Aguila, AZ - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: BNG, Banning Muni - Equipment: ADS-B ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 55; injuries: fatal; airline transport, flight engineer, commercial, flight instructor; airplane ratings: single-engine land, multi-engine land; instrument ratings: airplane; medical: class 1, with waivers/limitations; seat: left; toxicology performed; flight hours: 14,300 total, 0 in this make and model ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Night - Wind: 320° at 5 knots - Visibility: 10 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 61 °F, dew point 16 °F - Altimeter: 30.06 inHg - Observed at: KPSP, 18 nm away - METAR: METAR KPSP 230253Z 32005KT 10SM CLR 16/M09 A3006 RMK AO2 SLP181 T01561089 51009= ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20221122016889A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20221122016889A), Nov 22, 2022: Gallagher XLT-RG, Banning, CA, Destroyed, 1 fatal. At approxmatelty 1820 while the aircraft was flying west near Banning, CA airport (bng) it experienced some type of inflight incident which led to an fire and… ## Docket (11 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on November 26, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106352. 277 MB in all. - Witness statements (item 1, PDF, 5 pages, 87 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17797557&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Witness%20Statements-Rel.pdf - Accident site examination report (item 2, PDF, 16 pages, 5.3 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17881110&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Site%20Examination%20Report-Rel.pdf - Airframe and engine examination report (item 3, PDF, 16 pages, 4.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17881381&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Airframe%20and%20Engine%20Examination-Rel.pdf - Video file (item 4, MP4, 151 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14964482&FileExtension=mp4&FileName=CHP%20Ch3_20221122192119-Rel.mp4 - Video - nkroll dashcam (item 5, MOV, 44.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17919133&FileExtension=MOV&FileName=2022_1122_202947_859-Rel.MOV - Video - nkroll DASHCAM1 (item 6, MOV, 59.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17920927&FileExtension=MOV&FileName=2022_1122_203247_860-Rel.MOV - Toxicological report (item 7, PDF, 1 page, 147 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17118301&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR23FA044%20TOX_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Medical factual (item 8, PDF, 4 pages, 139 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=15453041&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR23FA044_Banning_CA_Medical_Factual_FINAL_050823-Rel.pdf - NTSB fire factual report (item 9, PDF, 12 pages, 5.8 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17881623&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=24-077%20Fire%20Factual-Rel.pdf - ADS-B kmz file (item 10, KMZ, 160 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17882009&FileExtension=kmz&FileName=20221123_A0088C_501420902-Rel.kmz - ADS-B xlsx file (item 11, XLSX, 5.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=17881789&FileExtension=xlsx&FileName=20221123_A0088C_501420902_ADSB-Rel.xlsx From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.