# NTSB WPR23LA021: Cessna 140, N55DC, Georgetown, CA, October 20, 2022 - Type: NTSB accident investigation - Classification: Accident · No injuries · Class 3 · Limited · Final report - Date: October 20, 2022, 10:10 local (17:10 UTC) - Place: Georgetown, CA · Georgetown Airport - Coordinates: 38.921111, -120.8648 (estimated) - Nearby events: https://openairdocs.org/map.md?lat=38.9211&lon=-120.8648&mi=10 - Phase of flight: [Takeoff](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-phases/300) (OpenAirDocs' grouping) - Defining event: [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) - Highest injury: No injuries - Injuries: 1 uninjured - Status: Completed - Report: Approved by Office Director - Investigation class: Class 3 - NTSB office: Western Pacific Region - Parties: Textron Aviation, Federal Aviation Administration - NTSB case key (mKey): 106168 - NTSB case page: https://web.ntsb.gov/investigations/?ntsbnumber=WPR23LA021 - NTSB report (PDF, downloads): https://data.ntsb.gov/carol-repgen/api/Aviation/ReportMain/GenerateNewestReport/106168/pdf - NTSB docket: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106168 - Page: https://openairdocs.org/ntsb/WPR23LA021 ## Probable cause The pilot’s failure to maintain control during an attempted go-around, which resulted in a runway excursion and a separation of the right main landing gear. ## Findings NTSB's coded findings; those marked are part of the probable cause. - [Use of equip/info: aircraft control](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/02063040): Personnel issues › Task performance · Pilot (probable cause) - [Landing gear system: main landing gear](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01023210): Aircraft › Aircraft systems · Capability exceeded (probable cause) - [Performance/control parameters](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-findings/01062000): Aircraft › Aircraft oper/perf/capability · Not attained/maintained (probable cause) ## Analysis After the pilot reduced the engine speed to idle while landing, the main landing gear touched down and the airplane bounced. The pilot then floated the airplane down the runway to decelerate the airspeed. The airplane touched down again in a nose high attitude then veered off the left side of the runway. The pilot applied full power to abort the landing, but the airplane continued off the left side of the runway and contacted vegetation before proceeding down a slope, which resulted in substantial damage to the left aileron and left horizontal stabilizer. The right main landing gear leg also separated from the airplane and came to rest in the debris path. Postaccident examination of the landing gear assembly revealed that the right main landing gear leg was normally secured to a support assembly within the airframe by a bolt, washer, and nut. The bolt remained attached with its associated hardware, but the bolthead had fractured in overstress. In addition, there was downward deformation at the lower support of the main landing gear support assembly, likely due to an exceedance of the yield strength of the metal and consistent with overload separation. As the bolt and damaged area of the support assembly are designed to transfer the landing gear loads directly to the airframe, the evidence in this case suggests that the right main landing gear support assembly failed as the result of the pilot’s failure to maintain directional control during an attempted go-around, which resulted in runway excursion and a separation of the right main landing gear. ## Factual narrative On October 20, 2022, about 1010 Pacific daylight time, a Cessna 140 airplane, N55DC, was substantially damaged when it was involved in an accident near Georgetown, California. The pilot was not injured. The airplane was operated as a Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 91 personal flight. The student pilot reported he was returning from a 1-hour local practice flight when the accident occurred. He noted that the weather was clear, and wind was calm at the time. The pilot entered the downwind leg of the airport traffic pattern at 1,000 ft above ground level on a 45° entry for runway 16. He set the throttle, trim, and flaps for landing and maintained 65-70 mph while he flew a stable approach to the runway. As the pilot crossed the runway numbers, he reduced the engine speed to IDLE with the airspeed at 65 mph and landed on the runway centerline. When the main landing gear first touched down the airplane bounced, and the pilot floated the airplane down the runway to decelerate. During the landing roll following the second touchdown, the right wing banked upward at a 30°- 40° angle. The pilot reported that neither touchdown was hard. He applied full right aileron but was unable to level the wings. The airplane began to veer left on the runway and the pilot applied full power to abort the landing. The airplane veered off the left side of the runway, the left wing contacted vegetation, and the airplane spun 180° before it came to rest. The right main gear leg and wheel separated and came to rest in vegetation before a slope about 70 ft from the airplane. In his statement the pilot reported no issues with the flight controls, but in reference to any mechanical failures he noted that he was uncertain: “the right main gear leg and wheel separated and were approx 70 feet from the plane still on the edge of the runway. That could have caused the right wing to abruptly raise or it was from a freak gust of wind at the wrong time. I don't know if the gear separation was from an attachment failure or the accident itself.” According to the airplane parts manual, the main landing gear legs bolt to the fuselage airframe structure with a bolt, washer, and a nut. (See figure 1). Figure 1: Excerpt of main landing gear drawing from parts manual The landing gear bolt remained inside the bolt hole along with its associated hardware, including the nut and washer at the fuselage primary structure. The bolt head separated and was not located. In addition, a portion of the landing gear support assembly was fractured and partially separated. Figure 2: Landing gear leg assembly hardware on accident airplane A National Transportation Safety Board materials laboratory examination revealed that the fracture features of the bolt were consistent with ductile overstress from a shear overload. No evidence of preexisting damage was observed. The forward end of the landing gear support assembly outboard attachment was fractured at 2 locations on the lower support. The upperside of the lower support was deformed downward near the forward attachment location and the outboard flange was fractured, which appeared to coincide with the downward bend at the upper surface. The downward deformation at the forward end of the lower support is consistent with wheel loading in the aft direction, and the deformation suggests the applied load was sufficient to produce stresses that exceeded the yield strength of the material. ## Sequence of events The events NTSB coded, in order, by phase of flight. The defining event best describes what happened. - [Takeoff-rejected takeoff: Loss of control in flight](https://openairdocs.org/ntsb-events/240) (defining event) ## Aircraft - Registration: [N55DC](https://openairdocs.org/aircraft/N55DC), registered now, S/N 11395, built 1946 (OpenAirDocs) - Reported make and model: CESSNA 140 - Registry model: [Cessna 140](https://openairdocs.org/model/cessna-140) (registry code 2071602) (OpenAirDocs) - Registry engine: [Continental C85 series](https://openairdocs.org/engine/continental-c85-series) (registry code 17008, reciprocating) (OpenAirDocs) - Category: Airplane - Serial number: 11395 - Year built: 1946 - Airframe hours: 5332.95 - Engines: CONT MOTOR C-85-12F 85 horsepower reciprocating - Damage: Substantial damage - Flight: Personal, Part 91 - Airworthiness certificate: Standard, Normal - Last inspection: Annual, April 20, 2022, 12 hours before - Departed: E36, Georgetown, CA - Destination: Same as departure - Airport: E36, Georgetown Airport, runway 16, 2,979 × 62 ft, asphalt - Equipment: Unknown ## Flight crew As NTSB recorded them. NTSB leaves out names. - Pilot; age 57; injuries: none; student; medical: class 3, without waivers/limitations; last flight review July 24, 2022; seat: left; flight hours: 81 total, 39 in this make and model, 24 as pilot in command, 40 in the last 90 days, 2 in the last 30 days ## Weather - Conditions: Visual (VMC), Day - Wind: 160° at 3 knots - Visibility: 9 statute miles - Lowest ceiling: none - Temperature: 79 °F, dew point 41 °F - Altimeter: 30.04 inHg - Observed at: KAUN, 10 nm away - METAR: KAUN 201715Z AUTO 16003KT 9SM CLR 26/05 A3004 RMK A01 ## FAA reports on this event (1) The FAA's own accident and incident reports, matched to the aircraft by N-number and date (OpenAirDocs). - [Accident 20221020017799A](https://openairdocs.org/incident/20221020017799A), Oct 20, 2022: Cessna 140, Georgetown, CA, Substantial damage. Pilot said it was a morning flight around 9, beautiful day with an OAT of 65 degrees, and he flew for about an hour where he was practicing maneuvers. The… ## Docket (8 files) The files NTSB released with the investigation on May 2, 2024, on NTSB's docket system: https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket?ProjectID=106168. 19.6 MB in all. - Pilot/operator aircraft accident report, NTSB form 6120.1 (item 1, PDF, 11 pages, 2.1 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=14682785&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=WPR23LA021%206120_Redacted-Rel.pdf - NTSB materials lab factual report (item 2, PDF, 1 page, 5.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16335179&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=NTSB%20materials%20lab%20report-Rel.pdf - Letter from Textron (item 3, PDF, 1 page, 102 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16396501&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=email%20from%20textron_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Main landing gear excerpt from parts manual (item 4, PDF, 3 pages, 1.6 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16333284&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=mlg%20attach%20info-Rel.pdf - Aircraft logbook excerpt (item 5, PDF, 3 pages, 7.4 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16334882&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=logbook_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Statement of party representatives to NTSB investigation (item 6, PDF, 1 page, 771 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16403531&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=doc00070120231122083213_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Release of aircraft wreckage, NTSB form 6120.15 (item 7, PDF, 2 pages, 123 KB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16356280&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Release%20of%20Wreckage%2011-9-23_Redacted-Rel.pdf - Accident photographs (item 8, PDF, 7 pages, 1.7 MB): https://data.ntsb.gov/Docket/Document/docBLOB?ID=16493702&FileExtension=pdf&FileName=Accident%20Photographs-Rel.pdf From the NTSB's public API. Aircraft are matched to registry aircraft by N-number and event date, checked against the reported serial number, make and model; the registry's history has gaps, so older matches can be wrong. Compare the reported make and model. --- OpenAirDocs.org is an independent research project of [Contrail Labs](https://contraillabs.com/). It is not affiliated with the FAA or the NTSB. Source documents are U.S. government works in the public domain.