Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
6.5 Products for Tropical Cyclones The NWS issues SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs and CWAs to inform the aviation community about the potential or existence of tropical cyclones and the adverse conditions associated with them. These above listed products are the primary source of information. The NWS also issues other products pertaining to Tropical Cyclones. These additional products are defined in this section.
6.5.1 Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA) The Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA) is intended to provide short-term tropical cyclone forecast guidance for international aviation safety and routing purposes. It is prepared by the National Hurricane Center (NHC) and the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC) in Honolulu, Hawaii, for all on-going tropical cyclone activity in their respective areas of responsibility. This requirement is stated in the World Meteorological Organization Region IV hurricane plan. Any valid TCA in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific is available on the NHC web site at:
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov. Any valid TCA for the central Pacific is available on the CPHC web site at: http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/cphc/
6.5.1.1 Issuance TCAs are issued at 0300, 0900, 1500, and 2100 UTC and are valid from the time of issuance until the next scheduled issuance or update.
6.5.1.2 Content TCAs list the current tropical cyclone position, motion and intensity, and 12-, 18- and 24-hour forecast positions and intensities. It is an alphanumeric text product produced by hurricane forecasters and consists of information extracted from the official forecasts. This forecast is produced from subjective evaluation of current meteorological and oceanographic data as well as output from numerical weather prediction models, and is coordinated with affected NWS offices, the NWS National Centers, and the Department of Defense.
6.5.1.3 Format The format of the Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory is as follows:
FKaa2i cccc ddhhmm (ICAO communication header)
(TROPICAL CYCLONE TYPE) (NAME)ICAO ADVISORY NUMBER ## (ISSUING OFFICE CITY STATE) BBCCYYYY time UTC day of week mon dd yyyy
TEXT $$
NOTE: As part of the header, a coded string is appended at the end of the “ISSUING OFFICE CITY STATE” line. (Example: NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL
BBCCYYY)
Where: (BB) is the basin AL – North Atlantic, EP – East Pacific, or CP – Central Pacific Where: (CC) is the cyclone number (01, 02, 03,…49) Where: (YYYY) is the 4 digit year.
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-46
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
6.5.1.4 Aviation Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA) Example
FKNT25 KNHC 210900 TCANT5
TROPICAL STORM ICAO ADVISORY NUMBER 27 NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL092007 0900 UTC SUN OCT 21 2007
TC ADVISORY DTG: 20071021/0900Z TCAC: KNHC TC: ERNESTO NR: 027 PSN: N3000 W08012 MOV: N 13KT C: 0998HPA MAX WIND: 045KT FCST PSN + 06 HR: 211200 N3106 W07951 FCST MAX WIND + 06 HR: 045KT FCST PSN + 12 HR: 211800 N3206 W07930 FCST MAX WIND + 12 HR: 050KT FCST PSN + 18 HR: 220000 N3321 W07903 FCST MAX WIND + 18 HR: 045KT FCST PSN + 24 HR: 220600 N3436 W07836 FCST MAX WIND + 24 HR: 040KT NXT MSG: 20071021/1500Z
$$
6.5.2 Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory (TCP) A Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory (TCP) is the primary tropical cyclone information product issued to the public. The TCP provides critical tropical cyclone watch, warning, and forecast information for the protection of life and property.
6.5.2.1 TCP Responsibility The National Hurricane Center (NHC), as a part of the Tropical Prediction Center (TPC); the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC); and Weather Forecast Office (WFO) Tiyan, Guam, issue TCPs. In the Atlantic and central Pacific, NHC and CPHC issue TCPs for all tropical cyclones respectively. In the eastern Pacific, NHC will issue public advisories when watches or warnings are required, or the tropical cyclone is otherwise expected to impact nearby land areas. In the western Pacific, WFO Guam will issue public advisories generally based on the tropical cyclone bulletins of the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) for all tropical cyclones expected to affect land within 48 hours.
Valid TCP in the Atlantic or eastern Pacific is available on the NHC web site at:
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov.
Valid TCP for the central Pacific is available on the CPHC web site at:
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/hnl/cphc/.
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-47
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
TCPs issued by WFO Guam for the western Pacific are available at:
http://www.prh.noaa.gov/pr/guam/cyclone.php.
6.5.2.2 TCP Issuance The initial advisory may be issued when data confirm a tropical cyclone has developed. The title of the advisory will depend upon the intensity of the tropical cyclone as listed below.
• A tropical depression advisory refers to a tropical cyclone with 1-minute sustained winds up to 33 knots (38 mph).
• A tropical storm advisory will refer to tropical cyclones with 1-minute sustained surface winds 34 to 63 knots (39 to 73 mph).
• A hurricane/typhoon advisory will refer to tropical cyclones with winds 64 knots (74 mph) or greater.
Public advisories are discontinued when the tropical cyclone:
• Ceases to be a tropical cyclone; that is, it becomes extratropical, a remnant low, or dissipates, or
• Is centered over land, is below tropical storm strength, and is not forecast to move back over water as a tropical cyclone, and no coastal tropical cyclone watches or warnings are in effect.
• For Guam when the tropical cyclone moves out of the WFO area of responsibility.
Tropical Cyclone Public Advisories are issued according to the schedule below and are valid from the time of issuance until the next scheduled issuance or update. Valid position times correspond to the advisory time.
Table 6-10. Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory Issuance Schedule
TPC/CPHC
ISSUANCE TIME (UTC)
WFO GUAM
ISSUANCE TIME (UTC) 0300 0400 0900 1000 1500 1600 2100 2200
Times in advisories are local time of the affected area; however, local time and UTC are used when noting the storm’s location. All advisories use statute miles and statute miles per hour.
The Tropical Cyclone Center (TPC and CPHC) and WFO Guam, at their discretion, may use nautical miles/knots in parentheses immediately following statute miles/mph. Advisories include the metric units of kilometers and kilometers per hour following the equivalent English units except when the United States is the only country threatened.
NHC, CPHC and WFO Guam issue tropical storm/hurricane/typhoon watches if tropical storm/hurricane/typhoon conditions are possible over land areas within 36 hours, except 48 AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-48
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009) hours in the western north Pacific. Tropical storm watches are not issued if the tropical cyclone is forecast to reach hurricane/typhoon intensity within the watch period.
Tropical storm/hurricane/typhoon warnings are issued when tropical storm/hurricane/typhoon conditions along the coast are expected within 24 hours. Tropical storm warnings are issued at the discretion of the hurricane specialist when gale warnings, not related to the pending tropical storm, are already in place. Tropical storm warnings may be issued on either side of a hurricane/typhoon warning area.
6.5.2.2.1 TCP Intermediate Issuances Intermediate Public Advisories are issued on a 2- to 3-hourly interval between scheduled advisories (see times of issuance below). 3-hourly intermediate advisories are issued whenever a tropical storm or hurricane watch/warning is in effect. 2-hourly intermediates are issued whenever tropical storm or hurricane warnings are in effect and coastal radars are able to provide responsible Tropical Cyclone Centers with a reliable hourly center position. For clarity, when intermediate public advisories are issued, a statement is included at the end of the scheduled public advisory informing users when an intermediate advisory may be issued, i.e., “AN INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED BY THE CENTRAL PACIFIC HURRICANE CENTER AT 2 PM HST FOLLOWED BY THE NEXT COMPLETE ADVISORY ISSUANCE AT 5 PM HST.”
Table 6-11. Intermediate Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory Issuance Schedule
TPC/CPHC
ISSUANCE TIME (UTC)
WFO GUAM
ISSUANCE TIME (UTC) 3-Hourly Issuances 0000 0100 0600 0700 1200 1300 1800 1900 2-Hourly Issuances 2300 0000 0100 0200 0500 0600 0700 0800 1100 1200 1300 1400 1700 1800 1900 2000
Intermediate advisories are not used to issue tropical cyclone watches or warnings. They can be used to clear all, or parts of, a watch or warning area. Content is similar to the scheduled advisory.
6.5.2.3 TCP Content Advisories list all tropical cyclone watches and warnings in effect. The first advisory in which watches or warnings are mentioned will give the effective time of the watch or warning, except when it is being issued by other countries and the time is not known. Except for tropical storms and hurricanes/typhoons forming close to land, a watch will precede a warning. Once a watch is in effect, it will either be replaced by a warning or remain in effect until the threat of the tropical AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-49
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009) cyclone conditions has passed. A hurricane/typhoon watch and a tropical storm warning can be in effect for the same section of coast at the same time.
All advisories include the location of the center of the tropical cyclone by its latitude and longitude, and distance and direction from a well known point, preferably downstream from the tropical cyclone. If the forecaster is unsure of the exact location of a depression, the position may be given as within 50, 75, etc., miles of a map coordinate. When the center of the tropical cyclone is over land, its position is given referencing the state or country in which it is located and in respect to some well known city, if appropriate.
Movement forecasts apply to the tropical cyclone's center. The present movement is given to 16 points of the compass when possible. A 24-hour forecast of movement in terms of a continuance or departure from the present movement and speed is also included. This can be reduced to a 12-hour forecast. Uncertainties in either the tropical cyclone's location or movement will be explained in the advisory. An outlook beyond 24 hours (out to 72 hours when appropriate) may be included in the text of the advisory.
Maximum observed 1-minute sustained surface wind speed rounded to the nearest 5 mph is given. During landfall threats, specific gust values and phrases like “briefly higher in squalls” may be used. The area (or radius) of both tropical and hurricane/typhoon force winds is given.
The storm may also be compared to some memorable hurricane or referred to by relative intensity. Where appropriate, the Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS) is used in public releases.
Central pressure values in millibars and inches are provided as determined by available data.
The inland impacts of tropical cyclones will be highlighted in advisories. This includes the threat of strong winds, heavy rainfall, flooding, and tornadoes. The extent and magnitude of the inland winds is included as well as anticipated rainfall amounts and the potential for flooding and tornadoes. Tornado and flood watches will be mentioned as appropriate.
6.5.2.4 TCP Format The format of the Tropical Cyclone Public Advisory is as follows:
WTaaii cccc ddhhmm TCPxxx
BULLETIN (TROPICAL CYCLONE TYPE) (NAME) ADVISORY NUMBER XX.
(ISSUING OFFICE CITY STATE) BBCCYYYY time am/pm time zone day month dd YYYY
...HEADLINE...
TEXT $$
FORECASTER NAME
NOTE: As part of the header, a coded string is appended at the end of the “ISSUING OFFICE CITY STATE” line (Example: NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-50
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
MIAMI FL BBCCYYYY)
Format:
where: (BB) is the basin AL - North Atlantic, EP - East Pacific, CP - Central Pacific WP – western Pacific where: (CC) is the cyclone number (01, 02, 03,...49) where: (YYYY) is the 4 digit year.
6.5.2.5 Tropical Storm Public Advisory (TCP) Example
WTNT34 KNHC 260359 MIATCPAT4
BULLETIN TROPICAL STORM DEBBY ADVISORY NUMBER 18 NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL042006 1100 PM AST FRI AUG 25 2006
...DEBBY BARELY HANGING ON AS A TROPICAL STORM...
AT 1100 PM AST...0300Z...THE CENTER OF TROPICAL STORM DEBBY WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 25.2 NORTH...LONGITUDE 45.6 WEST OR ABOUT 1400 MILES...2255 KM...SOUTHWEST OF THE AZORES.
DEBBY IS MOVING TOWARD THE WEST-NORTHWEST NEAR 14 MPH...22 KM/HR...
AND A TURN TO THE NORTHWEST AND THEN NORTH-NORTHWEST IS EXPECTED OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS.
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS ARE NEAR 40 MPH...65 KM/HR...WITH HIGHER GUSTS. LITTLE CHANGE IN STRENGTH IS FORECAST DURING THE NEXT 24 HOURS.
TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD UP TO 105 MILES...165 KM FROM THE CENTER.
ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE IS 1008 MB...29.77 INCHES.
REPEATING THE 1100 PM AST POSITION...25.2 N...45.6 W. MOVEMENT TOWARD...WEST-NORTHWEST NEAR 14 MPH. MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...40 MPH. MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...1008 MB.
THE NEXT ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER AT 500 AM AST.
$$
FORECASTER KNABB
6.5.2.6 Hurricane/Typhoon Public Advisory Example
WTNT32 KNHC 282058 TCPAT2
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-51
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
BULLETIN HURRICANE KATRINA ADVISORY NUMBER 24
NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL 4 PM CDT SUN AUG 28 2005
...POTENTIALLY CATASTROPHIC HURRICANE KATRINA HEADED FOR THE NORTHERN GULF COAST...
A HURRICANE WARNING IS IN EFFECT FOR THE NORTH CENTRAL GULF COAST
FROM MORGAN CITY LOUISIANA EASTWARD TO THE ALABAMA/FLORIDA BORDER...INCLUDING THE CITY OF NEW ORLEANS AND LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN.
PREPARATIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY SHOULD BE COMPLETED THIS EVENING.
A TROPICAL STORM WARNING AND A HURRICANE WATCH ARE IN EFFECT FROM EAST OF THE ALABAMA/FLORIDA BORDER TO DESTIN FLORIDA...AND FROM WEST OF MORGAN CITY TO INTRACOASTAL CITY LOUISIANA.
A TROPICAL STORM WARNING IS ALSO IN EFFECT FROM DESTIN FLORIDA EASTWARD TO INDIAN PASS FLORIDA...AND FROM INTRACOASTAL CITY LOUISIANA WESTWARD TO CAMERON LOUISIANA.
FOR STORM INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO YOUR AREA...INCLUDING POSSIBLE INLAND WATCHES AND WARNINGS...PLEASE MONITOR PRODUCTS ISSUED BY YOUR LOCAL WEATHER OFFICE.
AT 4 PM CDT...2100Z...THE CENTER OF HURRICANE KATRINA WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 26.9 NORTH...LONGITUDE 89.0 WEST OR ABOUT 150 MILES SOUTH OF THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER.
KATRINA IS MOVING TOWARD THE NORTHWEST NEAR 13 MPH...AND A GRADUAL TURN TO THE NORTH IS EXPECTED OVER THE NEXT 24 HOURS. ON THIS
TRACK THE CENTER OF THE HURRICANE WILL BE NEAR THE NORTHERN GULF COAST EARLY MONDAY. HOWEVER...CONDITIONS ARE ALREADY BEGINNING TO
DETERIORATE ALONG PORTIONS OF THE CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN GULF COAST...AND WILL CONTINUE TO WORSEN THROUGH THE NIGHT.
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS ARE NEAR 165 MPH...WITH HIGHER GUSTS.
KATRINA IS A POTENTIALLY CATASTROPHIC CATEGORY FIVE HURRICANE ON THE SAFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE. SOME FLUCTUATIONS IN STRENGTH ARE LIKELY UNTIL LANDFALL. KATRINA IS EXPECTED TO MAKE LANDFALL AT CATEGORY FOUR OR FIVE INTENSITY. WINDS AFFECTING THE UPPER FLOORS OF
HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY STRONGER THAN THOSE NEAR GROUND LEVEL.
KATRINA IS A LARGE HURRICANE. HURRICANE FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD UP TO 105 MILES FROM THE CENTER...AND TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD UP TO 230 MILES. SUSTAINED TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS ARE OCCURRING OVER THE SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA COAST. SOUTHWEST PASS...NEAR THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER...RECENTLY REPORTED SUSTAINED WINDS OF 48 MPH WITH GUSTS TO 53 MPH.
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-52
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
A NOAA HURRICANE HUNTER PLANE REPORTED A MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE OF 902 MB...26.64 INCHES.
COASTAL STORM SURGE FLOODING OF 18 TO 22 FEET ABOVE NORMAL TIDE LEVELS...LOCALLY AS HIGH AS 28 FEET...ALONG WITH LARGE AND DANGEROUS BATTERING WAVES...CAN BE EXPECTED NEAR AND TO THE EAST OF WHERE THE CENTER MAKES LANDFALL. SOME LEVEES IN THE GREATER NEW ORLEANS AREA COULD BE OVERTOPPED. SIGNIFICANT STORM SURGE FLOODING WILL OCCUR
ELSEWHERE ALONG THE CENTRAL AND NORTHEASTERN GULF OF MEXICO COAST.
RAINFALL TOTALS OF 5 TO 10 INCHES...WITH ISOLATED MAXIMUM AMOUNTS OF 15 INCHES...ARE POSSIBLE ALONG THE PATH OF KATRINA ACROSS THE GULF COAST AND THE TENNESSEE VALLEY. RAINFALL TOTALS OF 4 TO 8 INCHES
ARE POSSIBLE ACROSS THE OHIO VALLEY INTO THE EASTERN GREAT LAKES REGION TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY.
ISOLATED TORNADOES WILL BE POSSIBLE BEGINNING THIS EVENING OVER SOUTHERN PORTIONS OF LOUISIANA...MISSISSIPPI...AND ALABAMA...AND OVER THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE.
REPEATING THE 4 PM CDT POSITION...26.9 N... 89.0 W. MOVEMENT TOWARD...NORTHWEST NEAR 13 MPH. MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...165 MPH.
MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE... 902 MB.
AN INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER AT 7 PM CDT FOLLOWED BY THE NEXT COMPLETE ADVISORY AT 10 PM CDT.
FORECASTER PASCH
$$
6.5.2.7 Intermediate Public Advisory Example
WTNT33 KNHC 221858 TCPAT3
BULLETIN HURRICANE RITA INTERMEDIATE ADVISORY NUMBER 20A
NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL 1 PM CDT THU SEP 22 2005
...RITA WEAKENS A LITTLE FURTHER...REMAINS AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS HURRICANE...
A HURRICANE WARNING IS IN EFFECT FROM PORT O'CONNOR TEXAS TO MORGAN CITY LOUISIANA. A HURRICANE WARNING MEANS THAT HURRICANE CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED WITHIN THE WARNING AREA WITHIN THE NEXT 24 HOURS. PREPARATIONS TO PROTECT LIFE AND PROPERTY SHOULD BE RUSHED TO COMPLETION.
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-53
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
A TROPICAL STORM WARNING REMAINS IN EFFECT FROM SOUTH OF PORT
O'CONNOR TO PORT MANSFIELD TEXAS AND FOR THE SOUTHEASTERN COAST OF
LOUISIANA EAST OF MORGAN CITY TO THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER. A TROPICAL STORM WARNING MEANS THAT TROPICAL STORM CONDITIONS ARE EXPECTED WITHIN THE WARNING AREA WITHIN THE NEXT 24 HOURS.
A TROPICAL STORM WATCH IS IN EFFECT FROM NORTH OF THE MOUTH OF THE
MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE MOUTH OF THE PEARL RIVER INCLUDING METROPOLITAN NEW ORLEANS AND LAKE PONTCHARTRAIN...FROM SOUTH OF PORT MANSFIELD TO BROWNSVILLE TEXAS...AND FOR THE NORTHEASTERN
COAST OF MEXICO FROM RIO SAN FERNANDO NORTHWARD TO THE RIO GRANDE. A TROPICAL STORM WATCH MEANS THAT TROPICAL STORM CONDITIONS ARE POSSIBLE WITHIN THE WATCH AREA...GENERALLY WITHIN 36 HOURS.
FOR STORM INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO YOUR AREA...INCLUDING POSSIBLE INLAND WATCHES AND WARNINGS...PLEASE MONITOR PRODUCTS ISSUED BY YOUR LOCAL WEATHER OFFICE.
AT 1 PM CDT...1800Z...THE CENTER OF HURRICANE RITA WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 25.5 NORTH...LONGITUDE 89.2 WEST OR ABOUT 435 MILES...700 KM...SOUTHEAST OF GALVESTON TEXAS AND ABOUT 430 MILES...695 KM...
SOUTHEAST OF PORT ARTHUR TEXAS.
RITA IS MOVING TOWARD THE WEST-NORTHWEST NEAR 9 MPH...15 KM/HR. A GRADUAL TURN TO THE NORTHWEST IS EXPECTED DURING THE NEXT 24 TO 36 HOURS.
DATA FROM A NOAA RECONNAISSANCE AIRCRAFT INDICATE THAT MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS HAVE DECREASED TO NEAR 150 MPH...240 KM/HR... WITH HIGHER GUSTS. RITA IS NOW A STRONG CATEGORY FOUR HURRICANE ON THE SAFFIR-SIMPSON SCALE. SOME SLIGHT WEAKENING IS FORECAST DURING THE NEXT 24 HOURS BUT RITA IS EXPECTED TO REMAIN AN EXTREMELY DANGEROUS HURRICANE.
HURRICANE FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD UP TO 85 MILES...140 KM...
FROM THE CENTER...AND TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD UP TO 185 MILES...295 KM.
LATEST MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE REPORTED BY A NOAA HURRICANE HUNTER PLANE WAS 915 MB...27.01 INCHES.
COASTAL STORM SURGE FLOODING OF 15 TO 20 FEET ABOVE NORMAL TIDE LEVELS...ALONG WITH LARGE AND DANGEROUS BATTERING WAVES...CAN BE EXPECTED NEAR AND TO THE EAST OF WHERE THE CENTER MAKES LANDFALL.
TIDES ARE CURRENTLY RUNNING ABOUT 2 FOOT ABOVE NORMAL ALONG THE MISSISSIPPI AND LOUISIANA COASTS IN THE AREAS AFFECTED BY KATRINA.
TIDES IN THOSE AREAS WILL INCREASE UP TO 3 TO 4 FEET AND BE ACCOMPANIED BY LARGE WAVES...AND RESIDENTS THERE COULD EXPERIENCE SOME COASTAL FLOODING.
AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-54
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009) RAINFALL ACCUMULATIONS OF 8 TO 12 INCHES WITH ISOLATED MAXIMUM 15
INCH TOTAL ARE POSSIBLE ALONG THE PATH OF RITA PARTICULARLY OVER SOUTHEAST TEXAS AND WESTERN LOUISIANA. IN ADDITION...RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 3 TO 5 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE OVER SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA INCLUDING NEW ORLEANS. BASED ON THE FORECAST TRACK...RAINFALL TOTALS IN EXCESS OF 25 INCHES ARE POSSIBLE AFTER RITA MOVES INLAND.
REPEATING THE 1 PM CDT POSITION...25.5 N... 89.2 W. MOVEMENT TOWARD...WEST-NORTHWEST NEAR 9 MPH. MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS...150 MPH. MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE...915 MB.
THE NEXT ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER AT 4 PM CDT.
FORECASTER AVILA
$$
6.5.2.8 Special Public Advisory Example
WTNT33 KNHC 241309 TCPAT3
BULLETIN HURRICANE ANDREW SPECIAL ADVISORY NUMBER 25 NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL AL011992 900 AM EDT MON AUG 24 1992
...HURRICANE ANDREW MOVING INTO THE GULF OF MEXICO...
HURRICANE WARNINGS REMAIN POSTED FOR THE FLORIDA WEST COAST SOUTH OF VENICE TO FLAMINGO AND FOR LAKE OKEECHOBEE. AT 9 AM EDT A
HURRICANE WATCH WILL GO INTO EFFECT FOR THE NORTHERN GULF COAST FROM MOBILE ALABAMA TO SABINE PASS TEXAS. ALL OTHER POSTED WATCHES AND WARNINGS ARE DISCONTINUED.
WIND GUSTS TO HURRICANE FORCE CONTINUE TO OCCUR ALONG THE
SOUTHEAST FLORIDA COAST BUT WILL GRADUALLY DIMINISH DURING THE DAY. SMALL CRAFT ADVISORIES REMAIN IN EFFECT. RESIDENTS IN THESE
AREAS SHOULD MONITOR LOCAL NWS OFFICES FOR THE LATEST FORECASTS AND CONDITIONS IN THEIR AREA.
AT 9 AM EDT THE CENTER OF HURRICANE ANDREW WAS LOCATED NEAR LATITUDE 25.6 NORTH AND LONGITUDE 81.8 WEST OR APPROXIMATELY 45 MILES SOUTH OF NAPLES FLORIDA.
HURRICANE ANDREW IS MOVING TOWARD THE WEST AT 18 MPH. THIS MOTION
IS EXPECTED TO CONTINUE THIS MORNING WITH A GRADUAL TURN TO THE WEST NORTHWEST LATER TODAY.
MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS ARE NEAR 140 MPH. LITTLE CHANGE IN AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-55
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009) STRENGTH IS LIKELY DURING THE NEXT 24 HOURS.
HURRICANE FORCE WINDS EXTEND OUTWARD TO 30 MILES...50 KM FROM THE CENTER WITH TROPICAL STORM FORCE WINDS EXTENDING OUTWARD TO 140 MILES. ESTIMATED MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE IS 945 MB...27.91 INCHES.
STORM SURGES OF 5 TO 8 FEET ARE POSSIBLE ON THE FLORIDA WEST COAST
NEAR AND TO THE SOUTH OF THE CENTER FOLLOWING PASSAGE OF THE HURRICANE. ALONG THE SOUTHEAST COAST OF FLORIDA STORM SURGE TIDES ARE DECREASING. PRELIMINARY REPORTS FROM THE SOUTH FLORIDA WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT INDICATE A STORM SURGE OF 8 FEET ABOVE NORMAL WAS RECORDED IN BISCAYNE BAY NEAR HOMESTEAD FLORIDA.
RAINFALL AMOUNTS OF 5 TO 8 INCHES AND ISOLATED TORNADOES ARE POSSIBLE ACROSS SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL FLORIDA TODAY.
FOR STORM INFORMATION SPECIFIC TO YOUR AREA...PLEASE MONITOR PRODUCTS ISSUED BY YOUR LOCAL WEATHER OFFICE.
REPEATING THE 9 AM EDT POSITION...LATITUDE 25.6 NORTH AND LONGITUDE
81.8 WEST AND MOVING TOWARD THE WEST AT 18 MPH. MAXIMUM SUSTAINED WINDS NEAR 140 MPH. MINIMUM CENTRAL PRESSURE OF 945 MB...27.91 INCHES.
THE NEXT SCHEDULED ADVISORY WILL BE ISSUED BY THE NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER AT 11 AM EDT MON.
$$
6.5.2.9 Public Advisory Correction Example
HURRICANE ANDREW ADVISORY NUMBER 25...CORRECTED
NWS TPC/NATIONAL HURRICANE CENTER MIAMI FL 500 AM EDT MON AUG 24 1992
CORRECTED FOR CENTRAL PRESSURE...
BODY OF TEXT
$$ AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-56
Aviation Weather Services, Advisory Circular 00-45F, Change 2 (March 2009)
6.6 Volcanic Ash Advisory Products In addition to SIGMETs, the NWS issues products to notify the aviation community of volcanic ash.
6.6.1 Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) A Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) is a meteorological office designated by ICAO regional air navigation agreement to provide advisory volcanic ash information to Meteorological Watch Offices (MWOs), World Area Forecast Centers (WAFCs), area control centers, flight information centers and international operational meteorological (OPMET) data banks regarding the lateral and vertical extent and forecast movement of volcanic ash in the atmosphere following a volcanic eruption. There are nine VAACs worldwide (Figure 6-17). The duties of a VAAC include:
• Monitoring relevant geostationary and polar-orbiting satellite data to detect the existence and extent of volcanic ash in the atmosphere in the area concerned
• Activating the volcanic ash numerical trajectory/dispersion model in order to forecast the movement of any ash cloud which has been detected or reported
• Issuing advisory information regarding the extent and forecast movement of the volcanic ash cloud.
Figure 6-17. Volcanic Ash Advisory Centers (VAACs) Area of Responsibility
The U.S. has two VAACs with responsibilities defined in ICAO Annex 3. The Washington VAAC is jointly managed by the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) and the NWS National Centers for Environmental AC 00-45F, CHG 2 Section 6: Products for Aviation Hazards Page 6-57