Appendix A A-9 FIGURE A-4. FIS-B OVER UAT PRODUCT UPDATE AND TRANSMISSION
INTERVALS Product FIS-B Over UAT Service Update Intervals1 FIS-B Service Transmission Intervals2 AIRMET As available 5 minutes Convective SIGMET As available 5 minutes METAR 1 minute/as available 5 minutes NEXRAD Composite Reflectivity (CONUS) 15 minutes 15 minutes NEXRAD Composite Reflectivity (Regional) 5 minutes 2.5 minutes
NOTAM-TRA,
NOTAM-TMOA,
NOTAM-TFR, NOTAM-FDC, or
NOTAM-D As available 10 minutes PIREP As available 10 minutes SIGMET As available 5 minutes SUA Status As available 10 minutes TAF 8 hours/as available 10 minutes Temperature Aloft 12 hours 10 minutes Winds Aloft 12 hours 10 minutes Lightning Strikes 5 minutes 5 minutes Turbulence 15 minutes 15 minutes Icing Forecasts 15 minutes 15 minutes Cloud Tops 15 minutes 15 minutes G-AIRMETs 00Z, 03Z, 06Z, 09Z/ 12 hour forecast 3 hours CWAs As available As available 1 The Update Interval is the rate at which the product data is available from the source.
2 The Transmission Interval is the amount of time within which a new or updated product transmission must be completed and the rate or repetition interval at which the product is rebroadcast.
Appendix A A-10 A.4 Use of Airport Size as a Parameter. For selected FIS-B products (METAR and TAF), the size of the airport is used as a filtering parameter for FIS-B broadcasts. Out of the total of U.S. METAR reporting locations:
• Less than 2 percent are Class B airports (with the highest volume of air traffic).
• Less than 6 percent are Class C airports (with medium traffic volume).
A.4.1 METARs. High-altitude radio stations provide METARs for the largest airports across all of CONUS (all class B and C airports), while low-altitude radio stations provide METARs for all stations (regardless of airport size) within a more limited look-ahead range. This provides high-altitude en route users with nationwide weather information (as every location in CONUS is within at most 382 NM of a Class B or Class C airport), at a significant savings in radio bandwidth.
A.4.2 TAFs. The same filtering applies to the TAF product. Out of the total U.S. TAF forecast locations, 28 percent are Class B or C airports (three Class C airports do not have TAFs).
Airport-size filtering is only applied to high-altitude CONUS radio stations, as locations outside of CONUS do not have the same bandwidth concerns (due to much lower geographic density of reporting stations), and locations outside of CONUS do not have a sufficient number of Class B and C airports to offer a reasonable en route view of weather.
A.4.3 Example for the User (Pilot) Perspective. On a 650 NM flight from Washington Dulles International (KIAD) to Orlando Executive Airport (KORL), the pilot will only receive the METAR for Orlando International Airport (KMCO) in the early portion of the flight (while within coverage of high altitude tier radios). Once arriving within a closer radius (within 500 NM if under coverage of a high altitude tier radio; 375 NM if under coverage of a medium altitude tier radio; or 250 NM under coverage of a low altitude tier radio), the METAR for the smaller airport that is the specific destination (KORL) would become available.
Appendix B B-1 APPENDIX B. EXAMPLES OF AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION BASELINE SYNCHRONIZATION
SERVICE/AERONAUTICAL UPDATE SERVICE # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS 1 Aerodrome/Airport Mapping Data quality standards defined in RTCA DO-272D/EUROCAE ED-99D. Data exchange standards defined in DO-291C/EUROCAE ED-119C.
Database format standards defined in ARINC 816-2.
Includes land-and-hold-short operations (LAHSO) information.
Also includes the virtual Aerodrome Surface Routing Network (ASRN).
ASRN supports RTCA SC-217/ EUROCAE WG-44 Controller-Pilot Data Link Communications (CPDLC) and manual entry Data Link Taxi (D-Taxi) application.
X 2 Aerodrome/Airport Information Standards not defined. Includes advisory information such as airport traffic pattern and altitude information; Fixed-Base Operator (FBO) information; hotel, restaurant, and rental car information; phone and contact numbers for air traffic control (ATC); and available services, including medical and fuel availability and fuel type and quality (e.g., the Department of Defense’s (DOD) “F” number) for diversions.
X 3 Airspace and Communications Partially defined in RTCA DO-201/ARINC 424.
Could include Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Broadcast (ADS-B)/Automatic Dependent Surveillance–Rebroadcast (ADS-R) and Flight Information Service– X
Appendix B B-2 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Broadcast (FIS-B) Universal Access Transceiver (UAT)/1090 Extended Squitter (ES) Ground Broadcast Transceiver (GBT) service volumes.
Includes static Special Activity Airspace (SAA) data exclusive of dynamic temporary flight restrictions (TFR).
4 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Mode S Aircraft Addresses and ADS-B Aircraft “Clip Art” Silhouettes Standards not defined. Enables 3D ADS-B traffic depictions.
X 5 Electronic Charts Standards for electronic charts are not defined.
Chart definitions are defined in SAE ARP 5289, Electronic Aeronautical Symbols, and ARP 5621, Electronic Display of Aeronautical Information (Charts).
• Airport/Aerodrome/Heliport X
• Standard Instrument Departures (SID) X
• Engine Out Procedures X
• Instrument flight rules (IFR) en route charts (low and high altitude) Includes static SAA definition data.
X
Appendix B B-3 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS
• Standard Terminal Arrival Routes (STAR) X
• Instrument Approach Procedures (IAP) X
• Charted Visual Approach Procedures Example: KDCA Runway 19 Visual. X
• Noise Abatement Procedures X
• Visual Aeronautical charts
(e.g., visual flight rules (VFR) sectionals and VFR terminal area charts) Also includes static SAA data.
X
• Special Airport/Aerodrome Qualification Page Example: Jep Page “10-18.”
Future depiction applications may make use of animation.
X 6 Geopolitical Standards not defined. Includes cities, county, and state borders. Includes major roads. X 7 Magnetic Field/ Magnetic Flux Standards not defined. X 8 Navigation Data quality standards defined in RTCA DO-201A. Data exchange standards defined in ARINC 424-20. Database format standards defined in ARINC 424A.
At the last Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee (AEEC)/System Architecture and Interfaces (SAI) meeting before April 7, 2014, three ARINC Project Initiation/Modifications (APIM) were presented that will: (1) split the work being done in ARINC 424 into two different documents, and X
Appendix B B-4 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS
(2) introduce a new format standard for terrain and obstacles DBs. These APIMs are as follows:
• APIM 11-005A – Classic;
• ARINC 424 – NDB introducing XML and the XSD (data exchange standard); and
• APIM 12-006 – Terrain and Obstacle Databases (TODB) (new DB format standard).
Additionally, there was also an APIM introduced to address standards for data compression:
APIM 12-007 – XML Encoding and Compression Standard.
9 Noise-Sensitive Areas Standards not defined. Static data. Affects VFR operations, advisory circular (AC) category of use, and Area Navigation (RNAV)/Required Navigation Performance (RNP) approach selection during any 24-hour period.
X 10 Obstacles Data quality standards defined in RTCA DO-276C/ EUROCAE ED-98C.
Data exchange standards defined in DO-291C/EUROCAE ED-119C. Database format See item 8, above.
X
Appendix B B-5 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS standards may be defined in a future ARINC specification.
11 Terrain Data quality standards defined in RTCA DO-276C/EUROCAE ED-98C. Data exchange standards defined in DO-291C/EUROCAE ED-119C.
Database format standards may be defined in a future ARINC specification.
See item 8, above.
X 12 Miscellaneous Standards not defined. Scope includes:
Airport/Facility Directory (A/FD) X State Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) (Includes AIP supplements and amendments, Preflight Information Bulletin (PIB), and Aeronautical Information Circulars (AIC))
X Location of sporting stadiums, critical infrastructure, and ADS-B GBTs Support issuance of Aeronautical Update Service (AUS) status Notices to Air Missions (NOTAM).
X 1 Aerodrome (AD)/Airport Entire AD/Airport and Heliports Public Use Airport/Status Includes commissioning, decommissioning, openings, closings, and abandonments.
X Rotating Beacon/Status X
Appendix B B-6 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Seaplane Base/Status Includes commissioning, decommissioning, openings, closings, and abandonments.
X Helipad/Status Includes commissioning, decommissioning, openings, closings, and abandonments.
X Wildlife Hazards (specify bird activity and location) NOTE: ICAO term is Bird Notice to Air Missions (BIRDTAM). Can be listed under AD or Runway (RWY) if a specific runway is involved.
X Arresting Gear/Status X Wind Indicator/Status Includes wind socks and wind tetrahedrons. X Weather Reporting Station (on-airport)/Status Commissioning, decommissioning, out of service, or unavailable. X Runway Entire Closure (full length) X Distances Available/Status Includes temporary changes to the Takeoff Distance Available (TODA), Takeoff Run Available (TORA), Accelerate Stop Distance Available (ASDA), and Landing Distance Available (LDA).
X Threshold Displacement X Safety Areas/Status X Runway Condition Codes (RWYCC) X
Appendix B B-7 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Braking Action X Surface Condition (also called FICON or field conditions) Includes winter conditions, such as depth of snow, plowed runways or portions of a plowed runway, runway sanding or deicing, snow banks, runway light obscuration, and runway cracks or ruts.
X Lighting Obscurations Example: Obstructions caused by snow or ice. X Lighted Sign Status X Ground Lighting Status X Direction – Lighting Sign Status X Direction – In-Ground Lighting Status X Direction – In-Ground Marking Status X Approach Lighting System Status Includes approach/minimum decision altitudes. Includes approach lighting system status and visual approach lighting systems
(e.g., Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI), precision approach path indicator (PAPI), medium intensity approach lighting system with runway alignment indicator lights (MALSR), Approach Lighting System With X
Appendix B B-8 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Sequenced Flashing Lights (ALSF-2), runway end identification lights (REIL)).
Pilot Controlled Lighting (PCL) Status NOTE: May be listed under keyword AD or RWY. X PCL Frequency Change X Construction Status X Wildlife Hazards (specify bird activity and location) NOTE: Bird activity listed either under AD or RWY, the latter if a specific runway is involved.
X Runway Visual Range (RVR) System/Status NOTE: May be listed under keyword RWY or SVC. X VFR Traffic Pattern/Status Permanent procedures listed under Baseline Synchronization Service (BSS).
X Properties Change X Taxiway Closure (e.g., partial, full length, and crossing restriction changes) X Construction/Status X Designated Movement and Non-Movement Areas X In-Ground Lighting/Status X Lighted Sign/Status X
Appendix B B-9 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Work-in-Progress (WIP). Also known as Personnel and Equipment Working (PAEW)
X Ground Markings/Lighting Status X Taxiway Surface Condition (FICON) X Braking Action X Apron (including ramp areas and parking) Construction Status X In-Ground Marking Status X In-Ground Lighting Status X Apron Surface Condition (FICON) X Lighting (Aerodrome/ Airport/Heliport) Ground Lighting System Status Commissioning, decommissioning, outages, changes in classification or operation. Includes various lighting systems. Includes approach and runway lighting and PCL status and frequency change.
NOTE: Ground lighting status needs to be harmonized with lighting listed under runway, taxiway, and apron areas.
X Services (Aerodrome/ Airport/Heliport) Emergency Services Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF) availability. X
Appendix B B-10 # AI Categories AI Products/Services/ Subcategories Product(s)/Features Type/Comments BSS AUS Fuel Availability Includes potential effect on flight operations (e.g., delays possible in fueling diverting aircraft).
X Fuel Quality Indicator Status Changes Fuel quality for type aircraft
(e.g., the DOD issues an “F” series NOTAM for denoting compatibility of fuel in foreign countries).
X Fuel Price Status NOTE: This is not a State-provided NOTAM. X Customs Availability/Status X 2 Airspace Airspace Restrictions – Prohibited/Restricted/ Danger (P/R/D) areas (ICAO) and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) SAA SAA initiatives are broken down into first-tier and second-tier initiatives. Most DOD SAA would activate static SAA data resident in an onboard database. SAA data also includes dynamic TFR status information.
X SAA – First Tier Aerial Refueling Tracks X Aerial Refueling Anchors NOTE: Not listed in SAA Concept of Operations (CONOPS). X Altitude Reservations (ALTRV) – Stationary X ATC Assigned Airspace (ATCAA) X (Military) Visual Routes (VR) X