Appendix 1
a. Course Alignment. Review to ensure that the missed approach course alignment is acceptable and can be flown by the type of aircraft that will be using the procedure. If your review causes doubt as to whether a course can be flown, you should validate it by applying calculations prescribed in the appropriate criteria.
b. Climb Gradients. Missed approach climb gradients that exceed 200 FPNM (air traffic control (ATC) or minimum for obstacle avoidance) must be evaluated to ensure that the aircraft that will be using this procedure is capable of meeting the requirement.
c. Description of Missed Approach Instructions. Review the text of the missed approach instructions to ensure they are easy to understand and follow a logical sequence of events.
Provide additional pilot guidance if there is potential for misinterpretation.
15. CIRCLING. Review circling procedures to ensure that the applicable aircraft CAT is published and available for the type of aircraft that will be using the procedure. Determine what criteria were used to develop the circling procedures and ensure pilots are made aware of the maximum speeds allowed when conducting the maneuver.
NOTE: The airspeeds and obstacle protected airspace permitted by ICAO PANS-OPS criteria are vastly different than those permitted by United States TERPS. See ICAO PANS-OPS Document 8168-OPS/611, Procedures for Air Navigation Services, volume I, for further details regarding airspeeds permitted.
16. PLAN VIEW/PROFILE VIEW. Review the procedure to ensure data shown in the plan view corresponds to data published in the profile view. Scan these views for items that may have been inserted that are out of the ordinary and may require the additional attention of the pilot.
17. DEPARTURE PROCEDURES. Begin the review by determining if the country has established a departure procedure solely for obstacle avoidance. Review all obstacle departure procedures and Standard Instrument Departure (SID) that will be used, by following the recommended guidelines below:
NOTE: Some countries do not establish a departure procedure for obstacle avoidance like the United States. They expect the pilot to avoid obstacles when not using a SID. If the location is situated in an “obstacle rich” environment, it may be appropriate to operationally require use of published SIDs as the only method of departing.
a. Departure End of Runway (DER) Crossing Restrictions. Determine if the country has established any unique DER crossing restrictions.
NOTE: Most departure procedures based on ICAO criteria are developed with a DER crossing restriction built in. This is commonly referred to as a “screen height.” The standard ICAO screen height is 5 meters (16 ft) and assumes that all aircraft will cross the departure end of runway at or above this height. Some countries may apply the United States option that allows this crossing height requirement to be as high as 35 ft.
Appendix 1
b. Low, Close-In Obstacles. Consider the potential of a requirement to avoid low, close-in obstacles that are not considered in the calculation of either standard or non-standard climb gradients. Some countries may or may not depict this information on a procedure chart. This information may only be found elsewhere in their AIP in a profile map.
c. Early Turns. Review the procedure to determine if an early turn [below 400 ft above ground level (AGL)] is expected and that the type of aircraft that will be using the procedure can accomplish it safely.
d. Climb Gradients. Countries may publish climb gradients as a percentage and should be converted to a climb gradient expressed in “feet per nautical mile.” Climb gradients in excess of the standard 3.3 percent (200 FPNM) will require an assessment to determine if the aircraft using the procedure can meet the published climb gradient.
e. Crossing Altitudes. Review all crossing altitudes to ensure that the aircraft using the procedure has the performance capability to meet all published restrictions. Treat all crossing altitudes as a requirement for obstacle avoidance unless specifically addressed as an ATC crossing restriction. Not all countries clearly define the difference.
f. Positive Course Guidance. Review the procedure to determine if operational restrictions will be necessary if there are excessive portions of the procedure that do not contain positive course guidance.
g. Complexity. Review the departure procedure for its complexity and if necessary, provide clarifying guidance to ensure flight safety.