Appendix 1 facilities, weather, crew complement, airborne systems and other relevant parameters. NTD is to show concept validity in terms of performance system reliability, repeatability, and typical pilot response to failure. NTD may be established by a combination of analysis, FFS and/or flight demonstrations in an operational environment.
Non-Normal Conditions Conditions other than those considered normal conditions
(e.g., failure conditions, certain kinds of error conditions).
Notice to Airmen (NOTAM)
A notice distributed by means of telecommunication containing information concerning the establishment, condition, or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to personnel concerned with flight operations (ICAO IS&RP Annex 6).
Performance A measure of the accuracy with which an aircraft, a system, or an element of a system operates compared against specified parameters.
Performance demonstration(s) typically include the component of Flight Technical Error (FTE).
Proof of Concept (PoC) See NTD.
CAT I Landing Minima with Reduced Lighting (RVR 1800) CAT I landing minima as low as RVR 1800 to approved runways without TDZ lights and/or runway centerline lights, including runways with installed but inoperative TDZ lights and/or runway centerline lights. These operations are authorized by an operations specification (OpSpec), MSpec, or letter of authorization (LOA) and require the use of F/Ds, autopilot, or HUD to DA. Special provisions may apply to single-pilot operations.
Redundant The presence of more than one independent means for accomplishing a given function or flight operation. Each means need not necessarily be identical.
Rejected Landing A discontinued landing attempt. A rejected landing typically is initiated at low altitude, but prior to touchdown. If from or following an instrument approach it typically is considered to be initiated below DA/DH or MDA. A rejected landing may be initiated in either Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) or Instrument Meteorological Conditions (IMC). A rejected landing typically leads to or results in a “Go-Around” and if following an instrument approach, a “Missed Approach.” If related to consideration of aircraft configuration(s) or performance it is sometime referred to as a “Balked Landing.”.
Remote A probability of occurrence greater than 1 x 10-7 but less than or equal to 1 x 10-5 per hour of flight, or per event (e.g., takeoff, landing).
Required Visual Reference That section of the visual aids or of the approach area that should have been in view for sufficient time for the pilots to have made an
Appendix 1 assessment of the aircraft’s position and rate of change of position, relation to the desired flightpath. In CAT III operations with a DH, the required visual reference is that specified for the particular procedure and operations (Refer to ICAO IS&RP Annex 6, DH definition, Note 2).
in Special Authorization (SA) CAT I SA CAT I (SA CAT I) approach operations are conducted with a DH as low as 150 feet and a visibility minima as low as RVR 1400.
SA CAT II SA CAT II (SA CAT II) approach operations are conducted with a DH as low as 100 feet and a visibility minima as low as RVR 1200.
Special Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP) Non-part 97 instrument procedures. Special Procedures authorized by The Flight Technologies and Procedures Division for specific qualified operators’ use are not published in the Federal Register and are identified as “Special Procedures.”
Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) Part 97 prescribes SIAPs to civil airports in the United States and the weather minima that apply to landings under instrument flight rules (IFR) at those airports.
Synthetic Reference Information provided to the crew by instrumentation or electronic displays. May be either command or situation information.
Synthetic Vision System (SVS) An electronic means to display a synthetic vision image of the external scene topography to the flightcrew. Synthetic vision creates an image relative to terrain and airport within the limits of the navigation source capabilities (position, altitude, heading, track, and the database limitations). SVS provides situation awareness but cannot be used in lieu of natural vision.
Synthetic Vision Guidance System (SVGS) An integrated system of geospatially correct synthetic vision display, guidance, and trajectory elements which supports operations to published approach minima less than standard CAT I precision approach minima.
Takeoff Guidance System A system that provides directional command guidance to the pilot during a takeoff, or takeoff and aborted takeoff. It includes sensors, computers, power supplies, indications, and controls.
Threshold Crossing Height (TCH) The height of the straight runway at the threshold.
line extension of the glide path above the Touch Down Zone (TDZ) The first 3000 feet of usable runway for landing, unless otherwise specified by the FAA, or other applicable ICAO or State authority
(e.g., for Short Takeoff and Landing (STOL) aircraft, or in accordance with a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR)).
Appendix 1 Wet Runway A runway is wet when it is neither dry nor contaminated. For purposes of condition reporting and airplane performance, a runway can be considered wet when more than 25 percent of the runway surface area (within the reported length and the width being used) is covered by any visible dampness or water that is ⅛ inch (3 mm) or less.
Note: A damp runway that meets this definition is considered wet, regardless of whether or not the surface appears reflective. Refer to AC 25-32.
Appendix 1 Acronyms Acronym Expansion 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations AC Advisory Circular ACARS Aircraft Communications Addressing and Reporting System ACS Airman Certification Standards AD Airworthiness Directive ADF Automatic Direction Finder ADI Attitude Director Indicator AED FAA Aircraft Evaluation Division AFCS Automatic Flight Control System AFDS Autopilot Flight Director System AFM Airplane Flight Manual AGL Above Ground Level AH Alert Height AIM Aeronautical Information Manual AIP Aeronautical Information Publication ALP Airport Layout Plan ALS Approach Light System ALSF Approach Lighting System With Sequenced Flashing Lights AP Autopilot APM Aircrew Program Manager APU Auxiliary Power Unit AQP Advanced Qualification Program ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service
Appendix 1 ATS Air Traffic Service AWO All Weather Operations BITE Built-In Test Equipment CAA Civil Aviation Authority CAMP Continuous Airworthiness Maintenance Program CASS Continuing Analysis and Surveillance System CAT Category CDL Configuration Deviation List CFR Code of Federal Regulations CL Centerline Lights CMO FAA Certificate Management Office CMU FAA Certificate Management Unit CVS Combined Vision System DA Decision Altitude DA/DH Decision Altitude/Decision Height DER Designated Engineering Representative DFDR Digital Flight Data Recorder DH Decision Height DME Distance Measuring Equipment DOD Department of Defense EADI Electronic Attitude Director Indicator EASA European Aviation Safety Agency EFVS Enhanced Flight Vision System EGPWS Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning System EHSI Electronic Horizontal-Situation Indicator
Appendix 1 ETOPS Extended Operations EVS Enhanced Vision System FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAC Final Approach Course FAF Final Approach Fix FAP Final Approach Point FAS Final Approach Segment FCOM Flightcrew Operating Manual F/D Flight Director FDR Flight Data Recorder FFS Full Flight Simulator FGS Flight Guidance System FLIR Forward Looking Infrared Sensor FO Fail Operational FOV Field of View FP Fail Passive FPARC Flight Path Angle Reference Cue FPV Flight Path Vector FSB Flight Standardization Board FTE Flight Technical Error FTIP Foreign Terminal Instrument Procedures GA Go-Around GBAS Ground Based Augmentation System GLS GBAS Landing System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
Appendix 1 GP Glide Path GPA Glidepath Angle GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System GPS Global Positioning System GS Glideslope GSIA Glide Slope Intercept Altitude HAA Height Above Aerodrome HAT Height Above Touchdown HGS Head-Up-Guidance System HIRL High Intensity Runway Light HUD Head-up Display IAP Instrument Approach Procedure IAW In Accordance With ICA Instructions for Continued Airworthiness ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IFR Instrument Flight Rules ILS Instrument Landing System IM Inner Marker IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions INS Inertial Navigation System IRS Inertial Reference System IRU Inertial Reference Unit LLM Lower Landing Minimums LNAV Lateral Navigation LOA Letter of Authorization
Appendix 1 LOC [ILS] Localizer LVO Low-Visibility Operations MagVar Magnetic Variation MALSR Medium Intensity Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights MAP Missed Approach Point MDA Minimum Descent Altitude MEL Minimum Equipment List METAR Meteorological Terminal Aviation Routine Weather Report MIPS Military Instrument Procedures Standardization MLS Microwave Landing System MM Middle Marker MMEL Master Minimum Equipment List MMR Multi-Mode Receiver M/M/S Make, Model, and Series MOA Memorandum of Agreement Mos Months MRB Maintenance Review Board MSL Mean Sea Level [altitude reference datum] MSpecs Management Specifications NA Not Authorized or Not Applicable NAS National Aerospace System NAVAID Navigational Aid ND Navigation Display NDB Non-Directional Beacon NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Appendix 1 NOTAM Notice to Airman NRS National Resource Specialist NTD New Technology Demonstration NWS National Weather Service OCA Obstacle Clearance Altitude OCH Obstacle Clearance Height OE Operating Experience OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer OM Outer Marker OpSpecs Operations Specifications OSA Operational Safety Assessment OSR Operational Safety Review OTS Other Than Standard OUSD Operational Use Suitability Demonstration PAI Principal Avionics Inspector PAPI Precision Approach Path Indicator PANS-OPS Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Aircraft Operations PAR Precision Approach Radar PF Pilot Flying PFC Porous Friction Course [runway surface] PFD Primary Flight Display PIC Pilot in Command PIREP Pilot Weather Report PM Pilot Monitoring POI Principal Operations Inspector
Appendix 1 PMI Principal Maintenance Inspector PRM Precision Radar Monitor PTS Practical Test Standards PVASI Pulsating Visual Approach Slope Indicator QFE Altimeter Setting referenced to airport field elevation QNE Altimeter Setting referenced to standard pressure (1013.2 HPa or 29.92 INHG) QNH Altimeter Setting referenced to airport ambient local pressure QRH Quick Reference Handbook RA Radar Altimeter RAIL Runway Alignment Indicator Light System RCL Runway Centerline Lighting REIL Runway End Identification Lights RNP Required Navigation Performance RSA Runway Safety Area RTO Rejected Takeoff RVR Runway Visual Range RWY Runway SA Special Authorization SB Service Bulletin SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System SFAR Special Federal Aviation Regulations SFL Sequence Flasher Lights SIAP Standard Instrument Approach Procedure SIC Second in Command SM Statute Mile
Appendix 1 SMGCS Surface Movement Guidance and Control System SMS Safety Management System SSALR Simplified Short Approach Lighting System with Runway Alignment Indicator Lights SSALS Simplified Short Approach Lighting System STC Supplemental Type Certificate STOL Short Takeoff and Landing SVGS Synthetic Vision Guidance System SVS Synthetic Vision System TAF Terminal Aerodrome Forecast TAWS Terrain Awareness and Warning System TC Type Certificate TCH Threshold Crossing Height TDZ Touchdown Zone TERPS Terminal Instrument Procedures USAF United States Air Force USN United States Navy VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator VDA Vertical Descent Angle VFR Visual Flight Rules VGSI Visual Glide Slope Indicator VHF Very High Frequency VOR VHF Omni-directional Radio Range VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VNAV Vertical Navigation V1 Takeoff Decision Speed
Appendix 1 Vef Engine Failure Speed Vmcg Ground Minimum Control Speed xLS Generic term used to denote any landing system with lateral and vertical guidance
(e.g., ILS or GLS) VS Visibility Sensor WebOPSS Web-based Operations Safety System