(a) Cruise altitude coverage including 10,000 feet; and
(b) Holding.
(3) Details of any other conditions relevant to ETOPS that can cause significant deterioration of performance, such as ice accumulation on the unprotected surfaces of the airplane, RAM Air Turbine (RAT) deployment, and thrust reverser deployment if such data is available.
b. En Route Airport Information.
(1) In accordance with § 121.97, the certificate holder must maintain current status information on the operational capabilities of the airports designated for use as ETOPS alternates. “Public protection” has been a historic requirement for all domestic and flag operations. For ETOPS greater than 180 minutes and for operations traversing the North and South Polar Areas, this requirement has been expanded to include the listing of facilities at each airport, or in the immediate area, sufficient to protect the passengers and crew from the elements and to see to their welfare. Such a requirement can be interpreted to encompass the time from landing until satisfactory recovery of passengers and crew based on the certificate holder’s passenger recovery plan required by § 121.135 and discussed in Chapter 4, paragraph 403c(5) of this AC.
(2) The certificate holder’s program should provide flight crewmembers with current weather and information on a set of adequate airports in the ETOPS portion of the flight that are within the maximum diversion capability of the airplane on the planned route of flight as an aid to the flightcrew in contingency planning. Any appropriate facility information and other data concerning these airports should be provided to flight crewmembers in a clear, concise, userfriendly format for use when planning a diversion.
(3) Section 121.135 requires that any certificate holder conducting passenger flag operations must include in their flight operations manuals or equivalent documentation available to the flightcrews:
(a) For ETOPS greater than 180 minutes, a specific passenger recovery plan for each ETOPS Alternate Airport used in those operations; and
(b) For operations in the North Polar Area and South Polar Area, a specific passenger recovery plan for designated diversion airports.
c. Dispatch.
(1) Alternates. A certificate holder may not dispatch an airplane in ETOPS unless the required takeoff, destination and alternate airports, including ETOPS alternate airports are listed in the cockpit documentation (e.g., computerized flight plan) and are identified and listed in the dispatch release. Because ETOPS alternates serve a purpose different from that of a destination alternate, and may be used in the event of a diversion with an engine failure or loss of a primary airplane system, a certificate holder should not list an airport on the dispatch/flight release as an ETOPS alternate unless that airport’s services and facilities are adequate for such a diversion. A Par 303 Page 25
certificate holder of a two-engine airplane should exercise ETOPS beyond 180 minutes authority only if there are no ETOPS alternates that are within a 180-minute diversion distance from the planned route of flight. In addition, those adequate airports closest to the planned route of flight should be those first considered as ETOPS alternates.
(2) Flight Planning Limitation. The certificate holder’s ETOPS flight planning program must ensure that the planned route of flight remains within the authorized ETOPS area of operation in accordance with § 121.633 as follows:
(a) For ETOPS up to and including 180 minutes and 207 minutes in the North Pacific Area of Operation, the time required to fly the distance to the planned ETOPS alternate, at the approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed in still air and standard conditions, may not exceed the time specified for the airplane’s most time limited ETOPS significant system (including cargo fire suppression) minus 15 minutes.
(b) For ETOPS beyond 180 minutes, the time required to fly the distance to the planned ETOPS alternate, at the all-engines-operating cruise speed at the normal all-enginecruise altitude, correcting for wind and temperature, may not exceed the certified capability for the airplane’s most limiting fire suppression system minus 15 minutes. Three- and four-engine turbine engine-powered airplanes not meeting these requirements as of the effective date of § 121.633 may continue ETOPS operations until February 15, 2013.
(c) Further, for ETOPS beyond 180 minutes, the time required to fly the distance to the planned ETOPS alternate, at the approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed at the normal one engine inoperative level off altitude, correcting for wind and temperature, may not exceed the certified capability for the airplane’s most time limited ETOPS significant system (except for the most limiting fire suppression system) minus 15 minutes.
NOTE: Certificate holders flying three- and four-engine airplanes prior to the established installation time and certification time requirements of the regulation for these systems and their airplanes are exempt from these flight planning limitations. Once such required fire suppression systems are installed (no later than February 15, 2013) and once the ETOPS significant system time limits are established as required by appendix K of part 25, § K25.1.7 (no later than February 17, 2015), the operator must follow the flight planning limitations in §§ 121.633(b)(1) and 121.633(b)(2).
(3) Landing Distance. For the runway expected to be used, the landing distance available, as specified by the airport authority, must be sufficient based on airplane flight manual landing performance data to meet the landing distance limitations specified in § 121.197. The altitude of the airport, wind conditions, runway surface conditions, and airplane handling characteristics should be taken into account.
(4) Airport Rescue and Fire Fighting Service (RFFS).
(a) The following minimum International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) RFFS categories must be available at each airport listed as an ETOPS Alternate Airport in a dispatch or flight release:
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1. ETOPS Up to 180 Minutes. ETOPS alternates with ICAO Category 4.
2. ETOPS Greater than 180 Minutes. ETOPS alternates with Category 4. In addition, the airplane must remain within the ETOPS authorized diversion time from an Adequate Airport that has RFFS equivalent to that specified by ICAO Category 7, or higher. The availability of Adequate Category 7 RFFS airports should be considered for the entire ETOPS segment of the planned route.
(b) If the necessary equipment and personnel are not immediately available at the airport, additional fire fighting support may be brought in from a nearby town or other location.
The certificate holder must ensure that the nearby facility is capable of responding to a request for firefighting assistance within a reasonable time. A 30-minute response time is deemed adequate if the initial notification to respond can be initiated while the diverting airplane is en route. A 30-minute response time does not imply that the firefighting equipment has to be at the airport within 30 minutes of the initial notification under all conditions. It does mean that such equipment must be available on arrival of the diverting airplane and remain on station as long as the services are needed.
(5) ETOPS Alternate Minima. A particular airport may be considered to be an ETOPS alternate for flight planning and dispatch purposes, if the latest available forecast weather conditions from the earliest time of landing to the latest time of landing at that airport, equals or exceeds the criteria detailed in the following table. Because OpSpecs alternate weather minima standards apply to all alternates, the following criteria is recommended for a typical certificate holder’s OpSpecs. An individual certificate holder’s OpSpecs must reflect current requirements (§ 121.625). Although no consideration for the use of GPS/RNAV approaches is presented here, operators may request to receive this authorization through the FAA. This authorization would be reflected in the operator’s OpSpecs. Appropriate ETOPS alternate minima for such operations will be determined by the Director, Flight Standards Service. The airport of departure (takeoff) and the destination airport (unless used concurrently as an ETOPS alternate) are not required to meet the weather minima for ETOPS alternates as these airports are subject to other regulations (e.g., §§ 121.617, 121.621, and 121.623).
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ETOPS Alternate Minimum
Approach Facility Configuration1 Alternate Airport IFR Weather Minimum Ceiling2 Alternate Airport IFR Weather Minimum Visibility3 For airports with at least one operational navigational facility providing a straight-in non-precision approach procedure, or Category I precision approach, or, when applicable, a circling maneuver from an instrument approach procedure.
Add 400 ft to the MDA(H) or DA(H), as applicable.
Add 1 sm or 1600m to the landing minimum.
For airports with at least two operational navigational facilities, each providing a straight-in approach procedure to different suitable runways.
Add 200 ft to the higher DA(H) or MDA(H) of the two approaches used.
Add ½ sm or 800m4 to the higher authorized landing minimum of the two approaches used.
One useable authorized Category II ILS IAP.
300 feet 3/4 sm (1200 m) or RVR 4000 (1200 m) One useable authorized category III ILS Instrument Approach Procedure (IAP).
200 feet 1/2 sm (800 m)4 or RVR 1800 feet (550 m)
1 When determining the usability of an IAP, wind plus gust must be forecast to be within operating limits, including reduced visibility limits, and should be within the manufacturer’s maximum demonstrated crosswind value.
2 Conditional forecast elements need not be considered, except that a PROB40 or TEMPO condition below the lowest applicable operating minima must be taken into account.
3 When dispatching under the provisions of the MEL, those MEL limitations affecting instrument approach minima must be considered in determining ETOPS alternate minima.
4 For operations outside United States, because of variations in the international metric weather forecasting standards, 700m may be used in lieu of 800m.
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(6) Fuel Supply. The certificate holder must comply with the ETOPS en route fuel supply as specified in § 121 .646(b) as follows:
(a) No person may dispatch or release for flight or takeoff a turbine enginepowered airplane in ETOPS unless, considering wind and other weather conditions expected, it has the fuel required by normal Flag or supplemental carrier requirements and enough fuel to satisfy paragraphs 1 through 4 below:
1. The greater amount of fuel sufficient to fly to an ETOPS alternate under the following three scenarios:
• Assuming a rapid decompression at the most critical point followed by descent to a safe altitude in compliance with the oxygen supply requirements of § 121.333, or
• At the approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed assuming a rapid decompression and a simultaneous engine failure at the most critical point followed by descent to a safe altitude in compliance with the oxygen supply requirements of § 121.333, or
• At the approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed assuming an engine failure at the most critical point followed by descent to the one-engine inoperative cruise altitude.
2. Upon reaching the alternate, hold at 1,500 ft above field elevation for 15 minutes and then conduct an instrument approach and land.
3. Add a 5 percent wind speed factor (that is, an increment to headwind or a decrement to tailwind) on to the actual forecast wind used to calculate fuel in paragraph 1 above to account for any potential errors in wind forecasting. If a certificate holder is not using the actual forecast wind based on a wind model acceptable to the FAA, the airplane must carry 5 percent of the fuel required for paragraph 1 above, as reserve fuel to allow for errors in wind data. A wind aloft forecast distributed worldwide by the World Area Forecast System (WAFS) is an example of a wind model acceptable to the FAA.
4. After completing the calculation in paragraph 3, compensate in paragraph 1 above with additional fuel for the greater of the following scenarios:
• The effect of airframe icing during 10 percent of the time during which icing is forecast (including ice accumulation on unprotected surfaces, and the fuel used by engine and wing anti-ice during this period). Unless a reliable icing forecast is available, icing may be presumed to occur when the total air temperature at the approved one-engine cruise speed is less than +10 degrees Celsius, or if the outside air temperature is between 0 degrees Celsius and -20 degrees Celsius with a relative humidity of 55 percent or greater Par 303 Page 29
• Fuel for engine anti-ice, and if appropriate wing anti-ice, for the entire time during which icing is forecast
(b) Unless the certificate holder has a program established to monitor airplane inservice deterioration in cruise fuel burn performance, and includes in fuel supply calculations fuel sufficient to compensate for any such deterioration, increase the final calculated fuel supply by 5 percent to account for deterioration in cruise fuel burn performance.
(c) If the APU is a required power source, then its fuel consumption must be accounted for during the appropriate phases of flight.
(d) In computing the ETOPS alternate fuel supply, advantage may be taken of driftdown computed at the approved one-engine inoperative cruise speed. Accounting of wing anti-ice as in paragraph (6)(a)4 above may apply to some models of airplane based on their characteristics and the manufacturer’s recommended procedures.
(7) Communications. The FAA has determined that the best way to assure clear and timely communication in general, is via voice communication. Likewise the FAA has determined that there is a significant safety benefit associated with an ETOPS flight having the ability to communicate via a satellite based voice system, especially for those situations that occur while on long, remote ETOPS routes. The need for safety is best served through information and technical assistance that is clearly and rapidly transmitted to the flightcrew in a way that requires the least amount of distraction to piloting duties. Other than the area north of 82 degrees latitude, satellite communications provides the best means to provide that capability because it is not limited by distance. The FAA recognizes the limitations of satellite communications (SATCOM) in the North Polar Area above this latitude, and in such an area an alternate communication system such as HF voice or data link is to be used. The relatively short period of time that the flight is above latitude 82 degrees North in relation to the total planned flight time is a small fraction of the total flight. The ability to use SATCOM for all other portions of the flight, which for some routes could be longer than 15 hours duration, is advantageous to the flight. For flights above 82 degrees North latitude, the operator must also ensure that communications requirements can be met by the most reliable means available, taking into account the potential communication disruption due to solar flare activity. The same philosophy and commensurate requirements apply for ETOPS in the South Polar Area.
(a) Section 121.99(a) includes a requirement for communications facilities that enable rapid and reliable communications on routes and altitudes that may be used. For all ETOPS each certificate holder conducting flag or supplemental operations in ETOPS must provide voice communications over routes where voice communications facilities are available.
Where voice communication facilities are not available, and voice communication is not possible or is of poor quality, communications using alternative systems must be substituted.
(b) In addition to the communication requirement above, flag and supplemental certificate holders operating ETOPS beyond 180 minutes from an alternate must have a second communications system that is capable of providing immediate satellite-based voice communications of landline telephone fidelity such as SATCOM. This system must be capable of providing clear voice communications between the flight crewmember and ATC, and the Page 30 Par 303
flight crewmember and operations (dispatch). Where clear satellite-based voice communications are not available, alternative communications systems must be substituted. If an operator has provided a satellite communication system for the crew to satisfy § 121.99(a), it is not necessary that the second communication system required for ETOPS beyond 180 minutes be satellite based.
(c) In determining whether such communications requirements discussed in paragraphs (a) and (b) above are available, the certificate holder must consider potential routes and altitudes needed for possible diversions to ETOPS alternates as well as the original planned routing.
(8) Dispatch/Flight Release.
(a) The following items must be listed in the dispatch or flight release for all ETOPS in accordance with § 121.687.
• ETOPS alternates; and
• The authorized ETOPS diversion time under which the flight is dispatched or released.
(b) The pilot in command (PIC) should have access to the weather and status of services and facilities at all adequate airports with weather greater than approach minimums other than the designated ETOPS alternates along the planned route that could be used for diversion before accepting the flight release.
(c) If a flight is dispatched on a route that is greater than 180 minutes from an ETOPS alternate, the certificate holder must inform the flightcrew and give them the reason for the routes selection.
(9) Dispatch on a “Flight-by-Flight Exception” Basis. For two-engine airplane ETOPS approvals under the provisions of 207-minute ETOPS in the North Pacific Area of Operation, and 240-minute ETOPS in the North Polar Area, in the area north of the NOPAC area, and the Pacific Ocean area north of the equator, regulations limit the operator’s use of this authority in these areas to an “exception” basis. This exception may only be used when an ETOPS alternate is not available within 180 minutes and is based on certain criteria.
(a) For 207-Minute ETOPS, exception criteria includes political or military concerns, volcanic activity, temporary airport conditions, and airport weather below dispatch requirements, or other weather related events.
(b) For 240-Minute ETOPS in the North Polar Area and in the Area North of NOPAC, exception criteria includes extreme conditions particular to these areas such as volcanic activity, extreme cold weather at en route airports airport, weather below dispatch requirements, temporary airport conditions and other weather related events. The certificate holder must establish the criteria to be used to decide what extreme weather precludes using an airport.
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(c) For 240-Minute ETOPS in the Pacific Ocean Area north of the Equator, exception criteria includes political or military concern, volcanic activity, airport weather below dispatch requirements, temporary airport conditions and other weather related events.
NOTE: Certificate holders are required to maintain a record of their use of that authority for tracking purposes. When an operator is granted such authority, they may exercise this authority based on the conditions above without limit. There is currently no requirement for any specific format for reporting 207- and 240-minute track usage.
d. En Route.
(1) PIC Authority. No part of this AC is to be interpreted as reducing the PIC’s joint responsibility for determining that the flight can be safely conducted as planned before release.
None of the guidance in this AC may be interpreted in any way to prejudice or limit the final authority and responsibility of the PIC for the safe operation of the airplane.
(2) Potential Diversion Airports after Departure.
(a) After departure, designated ETOPS alternates must continue to meet the requirements of original dispatch, except that the weather must remain at, or above, operating minima (§ 121.631(c)). The pilot and dispatcher should monitor the airports within the ETOPS area of operation that could be used for diversion for deterioration in the weather and limitations in the availability of facilities and services that would render an airport unsuitable for landing in the event of a diversion. During the course of the flight, the flight crewmembers should be informed of significant changes in conditions at the designated ETOPS alternates, particularly those conditions that would render an airport unsuitable for landing and improvement in airport weather to conditions above operating minima.
(b) In most ETOPS operations, the ETOPS entry point is a significant distance from the point of dispatch. To ensure the capability and availability of an en route alternate to support any en route contingencies, before an ETOPS flight proceeds beyond the ETOPS entry point, the certificate holder must evaluate the weather from the earliest to latest time of arrival at the designated ETOPS alternates, as well as the landing distances, airport services, and facilities. If any conditions, such as weather below landing minima, are identified that would preclude a safe approach and landing, the PIC should be notified and an additional ETOPS alternate selected where a safe approach and landing can be made. A revised flight plan should include information on the newly designated ETOPS alternates within the authorized area of operation. Information on the weather and capabilities (that is, emergency response, approach aids, navigation facilities, and airport infrastructure) of potential ETOPS alternates in the authorized area of operations should be available to the PIC. The maximum diversion time, determined by the newly selected ETOPS alternate, must not exceed the authorized ETOPS maximum diversion time listed in the certificate holder’s OpSpec for that airplane and operating area that could have been applied at original dispatch.
(c) An operator is not required to turn back once the flight has gone beyond the ETOPS entry point if an unexpected worsening of the weather at the designated ETOPS alternate Page 32 Par 304
airport drops the airport below operating landing minima (or any other event occurs that makes the runway at that airport unusable). The FAA requires that the PIC, in coordination with the dispatcher if appropriate, will exercise judgment in evaluating the situation and make a decision as to the safest course of action. This may be a turn back, re-routing to another ETOPS alternate airport, or continuing on the planned route. Should the operator become aware of a potential weather problem prior to the airplane entering the ETOPS stage of the flight, the rule allows the operator to designate a different alternate airport at the ETOPS entry point in order to continue the flight.
(3) Engine Failure.
(a) Section 121.565 requires the PIC of a two-engine airplane with one engine inoperative to land at the nearest suitable airport where, in the PIC’s judgment after considering all relevant factors, a safe landing can be made. This determination is especially critical for ETOPS where the availability of suitable airports may be limited and the diversion decision is therefore more critical. The following is a list of some, but not all, factors that may be relevant in determining whether or not an airport is suitable, and are consistent with the ETOPS principle of protecting the diversion once it occurs:
• Airplane configuration, weight, systems status, and fuel remaining;
• Wind and weather conditions en route at the diversion altitude;
• Minimum altitudes en route to the diversion airport;
• Fuel burn to the diversion airport;
• Airport’s nearby terrain, weather, and wind;
• Availability and surface condition of runway;
Approach navigation aids and lighting available;
rt;
•
• Rescue and fire fighting services (RFFS) at the diversion airpo
• Facilities for passenger and crewmember disembarkation, and accommodations;
• PIC’s familiarity with the airport; and
• Information about the airport provided to the PIC by the certificate holder.
(b) When operating a two-engine airplane with one engine inoperative, none of the following factors should be considered sufficient justification to fly beyond the nearest suitable airport:
• The fuel supply is sufficient to fly beyond the nearest suitable airport;
• Passenger accommodation other than passenger safety; and Availability of maintenance and/or repair resources.
a nd
•
(c) If no more than one engine is shut down on an airplane that has three or more engines, § 121.565 permits the PIC to fly beyond the nearest suitable airport in point of time if the PIC determines that doing so is as safe as landing at the nearest suitable airport. In making decision to fly beyond the nearest suitable airport, the PIC should consider all relevant factors and, in addition, consider the possible difficulties that may occur if the flight is continued beyo the nearest suitable airport. When an airplane with more than two engines bypasses a suitable Par 303 Page 33
alternate, the PIC should carefully weigh the risk associated with the next possible failure, w could complicate or compound the current engine inoperative condition. The next possible failure could be a system failure or another engine failure, which in either case, would affect crew workload and their possible success in completing the associated abnormal approach a landing procedures. It is even possible that a contingency outside of the realm of a system failure, such as a passenger illness, hich nd could compound the crew’s workload normally associated with the current failure condition.
(4) System Failure/Partial Failure.
nal he is whether it is safer to divert and land or to continue as planned under the circumstances.
flight n no case may the maximum approved diversion authority of the operation be exceeded.
r reasons , le e the for the diversion and nothing in this guidance in any way limits the authority of the PIC.
e. ETOPS Procedures Documentation.
r each rocedural information necessary to interface with ETOPS maintenance requirements such as;
k (if applicable);
rocedures; and
(a) During ETOPS, the limited availability of diversion airports and extended diversion distances require that the impact of a system failure or partial failure be carefully evaluated. This should include a careful assessment of remaining systems and overall operatio capability. Time permitting, full use should be made of the information available through the certificate holder’s dispatch facility and a determination made by the PIC as to the plan for t safe continuation of the flight, that
(b) If, as a result of reevaluating airplane systems, a change in flight plan is required, the PIC should be provided revised flight plan information and an update of conditions, including weather conditions at designated ETOPS alternates. Dispatch should advise the crewmembers of additional airports on the planned route of flight that could be used for diversion. I
(5) Other Diversion Scenarios. During ETOPS an airplane may divert fo other than engine or systems failure such as medical emergencies, onboard fire, or decompression. The nature of the emergency, and its possible consequences to the airplane passengers and crew, will dictate the best course of action suitable to the specific en route contingency. The flightcrew must decide on the best course of action based on all availab information. The ETOPS Alternate Airports required by § 121.624 and designated for a particular flight provide one option to the PIC. However, these ETOPS alternates may not b only airports available
(1) The certificate holder should develop unique ETOPS flightcrew procedures fo of the flight operations requirements discussed in this section. These procedures should be contained in the applicable manual or information provided to the flightcrew. The manual or information provided to the flightcrew should also contain p
• Fuel crossfeed valve operational chec
• Special ETOPS MEL requirements ;
• APU in-flight start procedures (if applicable);
• Engine Condition Monitoring (ECM) data recording p Page 34 Par 304
• In-flight verification of ETOPS significant systems.
section and each revision must be submitted to the CHDO and approved before being adopted.
304. FLIGHT OPERATIONS TRAINING REQUIREMENTS.
that describes the unique aspects of ETOPS. That training should include, but not be limited to:
h flight crewmember competency in dealing with the most probable operating contingencies.
applicable), as listed below. The FAA will periodically evaluate a cross-section of these items.
ngency data, that is engine failure, decompression, and diversion equal time point.
(b) Flight progress monitoring and fuel tracking.
(c) Operational restrictions associated with dispatch under the minimum equipment list (MEL).
(d) Non-normal procedures including:
1. Abnormal and emergency procedures.
res and remaining airplane capability as it relates to the decision to divert or to continue.
3. Diversion.
4. Crewmember incapacitation.
PU electrical source available results in significant degradation of instrumentation to either pilot.
ment specifically required for ETOPS operations such as cold weather gear and SATCOM.
(2) The initial pilot flight manual ETOPS
a. ETOPS Unique Requirements. The certificate holder’s approved training program for ETOPS should include training
(1) Diversion Decision Making. The certificate holder’s training program should prepare flight crewmembers to evaluate probable propulsion and airframe systems malfunctions and failures. The goal of this training should be to establis
(2) Specific ETOPS Requirements. The certificate holder’s ETOPS training program should provide and integrate training for flight crewmembers and dispatchers (if
(a) Flight planning, including conti
2. Systems failu
5. A simulated approach and missed approach with only an alternate power source available, if the loss of two main alternating current electrical power sources with no A
(e) Use of equip Par 303 Page 35
(f) Procedures to be followed in the event that there is a change in conditions at a ETOPS alternate listed on the dispatch/flight release that would preclude a safe approach and n
landing.
dures to be followed in the event that there is a change in conditions at other potential en route diversion airports that would preclude a safe approach and landing.
nt
(i) Fuel quantity comparison: the certificate holder’s training program should identify fuel ght.
el load, compared to the indicated fuel remaining.
or example estimated time of arrival ahead of or behind plan, gross weight, and/or altitude differences.
303 e, t rtificate holder must designate check airmen specifically for ETOPS. The objective of the ETOPS check airman program should be to ensure stand emphasize the special nature of ETOPS. Only airmen with a demonstrated understanding of the unique requirements of ETOPS s
(1) The purpose of the review is to verify the adequacy of information provided to training p
(2) The FAA will also continually review in-service experience of systems significant to ETOPS. The review includes system reliability levels and individual event circumstances, including crewmember actions taken in response to equipment failures or loss of capabilities.
(g) Proce
(h) Understanding and effective use of approved additional or modified equipme required for ETOPS.
management procedures to be followed during the en route portion of the fli These procedures should provide for an independent crosscheck of fuel quantity indicators, for example, fuel used, subtracted from the total fu
(j) Fuel management: accounting for discrepancies between planned fuel remaining and actual fuel remaining f
(k) Flightcrew procedures unique to ETOPS as listed above in the paragraph ETOPS Procedures Documentation.
(3) Passenger Recovery Plan. The certificate holder must provide training to the fligh crewmembers and dispatchers relative to their perspective roles in the certificate holder’s passenger recovery plan (§ 121.415).
b. Check Airman Used in ETOPS. The ce ardized flight crewmember practices and procedures and also to hould be designated as a check airman.
c. Review of Training Programs and Operating Manuals.
rograms and operating manuals. The FAA will use the information resulting from these reviews as the basis for modification or updating flight crewmember training programs, operating manuals, and checklists, as necessary.
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