(aa) Deicing vehicles.
(bb) Infrared facilities.
(cc) Hard stands.
2 Operation of the equipment.
3 Emergency procedures.
(i) Health, Safety, and First Aid (F/D/G).
(j) Environmental Considerations (G).
(k) Fluid Selection (F/D/G).
(l) Contractor Deicing/Anti-icing (F/D/G). Train-the-trainer (per the approved program).
(m) Methods/Procedures (F/D/G).
1 Inspection of critical surfaces.
2 Clear ice precautions.
3 Flightcrew/groundcrew preflight check requirement.
4 Deicing/anti-ice determination.
5 Deicing/anti-ice location.
6 Communication before deicing/anti-icing.
7 General deicing/anti-ice precautions.
8 Aircraft specific requirements.
9 Deicing:
(aa) Requirements.
(bb) Effective removal of frost, snow, and ice (G).
10 Anti-icing:
(aa) Requirements.
Par 6 Page 13
(bb) Preventative anti-icing (G).
(cc) Application (G).
11 Deicing/anti-icing:
(aa) One step.
(bb) Two step.
12 Guidelines for the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids.
13 Post deicing/anti-icing checks requirement.
14 Flight control check.
15 Communications after deicing/anti-icing.
16 Use of the deicing/anti-icing log (Appendix 3).
(n) Use of HOTs (F/D/G).
1 Definition of HOT.
2 When HOT begins and ends.
3 Limitations and cautions associated with the use of HOTs.
4 Source of HOT data.
5 Relationship of HOT to particular fluid concentrations and for different types of fluids.
6 Precipitation category (e.g., fog, drizzle, rain, or snow).
7 Precipitation intensity.
8 How to determine a specific HOT from the HOT range that accounts for moderate or light weather conditions (F/D).
9 Adjusting HOT for changing weather conditions (F/D).
NOTE: Ground personnel should recei ve familiariz ation training on determining a specific HOT from the HOT range and adjusting the HOT fo r changing weather conditions.
Page 14 Par 6
(o) Pretakeoff Check Requirement (F/D). Identification of representative surfaces.
(p) Pretakeoff Contamination Check Requirement (F/D/G). Communications.
(q) Aircraft Surface Contamination Recognition (F/D/G).
7. OPERATIONS IN LIEU OF AN APPROVED DEICING/ANTI-ICING PROGRAM.
Per section 121.629(d), a certificate holder may continue to operate without an approved ground deicing/anti-icing program if it has approved procedures and properly trained personnel for conducting a pretakeoff contamination check. The certificate holder’s operations specifications must contain the authorization for conducting this check in lieu of an approved program. As stated in section 121.629(d), this check is accomplished when conditions are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft. The check must be completed within 5 minutes before beginning takeoff and from outside the aircraft. Certificate holder’s manuals and training programs should detail procedures for accomplishing this check.
/s/ Chester B. Dalbey, for James J. Ballough Director, Flight Standards Service Par 6 Page 15
APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES
FAA TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE TABLE 1. GUIDELINE FOR HOLDOVER TIMES ANTICIPATED FOR SAE TYPE I FLUID MIXTURE AS A FUNCTION OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND OAT.
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANING ONLY AND SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES.
OAT Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours:minutes) °C °F Frost* Freezing Fog Light Snow Moderate Snow **Freezing Drizzle Light Freezing Rain Rain on Cold Soaked Wing Other‡ above -3 above 27 0:45 0:11 - 0:17 0:11 - 0:16 0:06 - 0:11 0:09 - 0:13 0:02 - 0:05 0:02 - 0:05 -3 to -6 27 to 21 0:45 0:08 - 0:14 0:08 - 0:13 0:05 - 0:08 0:07 - 0:10 0:02 - 0:05 -7 to -10 20 to 14 0:45 0:06 - 0:10 0:06 - 0:10 0:04 - 0:06 0:05 - 0:08 0:02 - 0:05 CAUTION:
Clear ice may require touch for confirmation below -10 below 14 0:45 0:05 - 0:09 0:04 - 0:06 0:02 - 0:04 CAUTION:
No holdover time guidelines exist °C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature °F = Degrees Fahrenheit FP = Freezing Point
THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER.
* During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST ** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible ‡ Heavy snow, snow pellets, ice pellets, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail
TO USE THESE TIMES, THE FLUID MUST BE HEATED TO A MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF 60°C (140°F) AT THE NOZZLE AND AT LEAST 1 LITER/M2 (≈ 2 GALS/100FT2) MUST BE APPLIED TO DEICED SURFACES SAE Type I fluid/water mixture is selected so that the FP of the mixture is at least 10 °C (18 °F) below OAT.
CAUTIONS:
• THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST WILL REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT.
• SAE TYPE I FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
Effective: October 1, 2002 Page 1 12/20/04 AC 120-60B Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES (CON’T)
FAA TYPE II HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE TABLE 2 - Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type II Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT.
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY, AND IT SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES.
OAT Approximate Holdover Times under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes) °C °F SAE Type II Fluid Concentration Neat-Fluid/Water (Vol. %/Vol. %) Frost* Freezing Fog Snow Freezing Drizzle*** Light Freezing Rain Rain on Cold Soaked Wing Other ‡ 100/0 12:00 0:35-1:30 0:20-0:55 0:30-0:55 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:40 75/25 6:00 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:40 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25 0:05-0:25
above 0
above 32 50/50 4:00 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:10 100/0 8:00 0:35-1:30 0:20-0:45 0:30-0:55 0:15-0:30 75/25 5:00 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:30 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25
0 to -3
32 to 27 50/50 3:00 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:10 100/0 8:00 0:20-1:05 0:15-0:35 **0:15-0:45 **0:10-0:25below -3 to -14 below 27 to 7 75/25 5:00 0:20-0:55 0:15-0:25 **0:15-0:30 **0:10-0:20 CAUTION:
Clear ice may require touch for confirmation CAUTION:
No holdover time guidelines exist below -14 to -25 below 7 to -13 100/0 8:00 0:15-0:20 0:15-0:30 below -25 below -13 100/0 SAE Type II fluid may be used below –25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 °C (13 °F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE Type II fluid cannot be used.
°C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume
THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER.
* During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 °C (14 °F) *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail Snow includes snow grains
CAUTIONS:
• THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT.
• SAE TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
NOTE: Type III fluids are no longer used in the United States. Therefore, Table 3 is currently not offered.
Page 2 AC 120-60B 12/20/04 Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES (CON’T)
FAA TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE TABLE 4 - Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT.
CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY, AND IT SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES.
OAT Approximate Holdover Times under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes) °C °F Concentration Neat- Fluid/Water SAE Type IV Fluid (Vol. %/Vol. %) Frost* Freezing Fog Snow Freezing Drizzle*** Light Freezing Rain Rain on Cold Soaked Wing Other ‡ 100/0 18:00 1:05-2:15 0:35-1:05 0:40-1:10 0:25-0:40 0:10-0:50 75/25 6:00 1:05-1:45 0:30-1:05 0:35-0:50 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:35
above 0
above 32 50/50 4:00 0:15-0:35 0:05-0:20 0:10-0:20 0:05-0:10 100/0 12:00 1:05-2:15 0:30-0:55 0:40-1:10 0:25-0:40 75/25 5:00 1:05-1:45 0:25-0:50 0:35-0:50 0:15-0:30
0 to -3
32 to 27 50/50 3:00 0:15-0:35 0:05-0:15 0:10-0:20 0:05-0:10 100/0 12:00 0:20-1:20 0:20-0:40 **0:20-0:45 **0:10-0:25 below -3 to -14 below 27 to 7 75/25 5:00 0:25-0:50 0:15-0:25 **0:15-0:30 **0:10-0:20 CAUTION:
Clear ice may require touch for confirmation
CAUTION:
No holdover time guidelines exist below -14 to -25 below 7 to -13 100/0 12:00 0:15-0:40 0:15-0:30 below -25 below -13 100/0 SAE Type IV fluid may be used below –25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 °C(13 °F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE Type IV fluid cannot be used.
°C = Degrees Celsius OAT = Outside Air Temperature °F = Degrees Fahrenheit VOL = Volume
THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER.
* During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 °C (14 °F) *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail Snow includes snow grains
CAUTIONS:
• THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT.
• SAE TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
Effective: October1, 2002 Page 3 (and 4) 12/20/04 AC 120-60B Appendix 1
Appendix 2 APPENDIX 2. AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTI-ICING TRAINING ROSTER
AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTI-ICING TRAINING ROSTER
DATE LOCATION COURSE NUMBER
EMPLOYEE NAME EMPLOVEE EMPLOVEE COMPANY STATION COURSE TRAINING SIGNATURE OF INDIVIDUAL (PRINT) CLASSIFICATION NUMBER OF RESULT HOURS COMPLETING COURSE
SIGNATURE INSTRUCTOR (1) INSTRUCTOR (2)
NAME NAME
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
EMPLOYEE NUMBER EMPLOYEE NUMBER Page 1 (and 2)
Appendix 3 PPENDIX 3. STATION DEICING/ANTI-ICING FORM
STATION DEICING/ANTI-ICING FORM
DEICING PROVIDER/VENDOR STATION
FLIGHT AIRCRAFT WEATHER CONDITION OUTSIDE TYPE I FLUID NOTE THE SPECIFY LOCAL SIGNATURE OR EMPLOYEE NUMBER OF DATE REGISTRATION NUMBER AT TIME OF DEING TEMPERATURE IN *C FREEZE POINT N°C GLYCOL MIXTURE START TIME OF FINAL FLUID IS FREE OF CONTAMINANTS AND ALL REQUIRED THE PERSON CONFIRMING THAT THE AIRCRAFT
APPLICATION INSPECTIONS, INCLUDING AIRCRAFT SPECIFIC,
HAVE BEEN COMPLETED
• TYPE N 2
110.
11.
12.
ESTABLISH VERBAL COMMUNICATION WITH FLIGHT CREW PRIOR TO DEICING.
THE INFORMATION IN COLUMNS WITH BOLD OUTLINE MUST BE COMMUNICATED TO FLIGHT CREW
AFTER DEICING AND/OR ANTI-ICING HAS BEEN COMPLETED Page 1 (and 2)