1 Description of Various Equipment Types:
(aa) Deicing vehicles.
(bb) Infrared facilities.
(cc) Hard stands.
2 Operation of the equipment.
3 Emergency procedures.
(i) Health, Safety, and First Aid (F/D/G).
(j) Environmental Considerations (G).
(k) Fluid Selection (F/D/G).
(1) Contractor Deicing/Anti-icing (F/D/G). Train-the-trainer (per the approved program).
(m) Methods/Procedures (F/D/G).
1 Inspection of critical surfaces.
2 Clear ice precautions.
3 Flightcrew/groundcrew preflight check requirement.
4 Deicing/anti-ice determination.
5 Deicing/anti-ice location.
6 Communication before deicing/anti-icing.
7 General deicing/anti-ice precautions.
& Aircraft specific requirements.
2 Deicing:
(aa) Requirements.
(bb) Effective removal of frost, snow, and ice (G).
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10 Anti-icing:
(aa) Requirements.
(bb) Preventative anti-icing (G).
(cc) Application (G).
11 Deicing/anti-icing:
(aa) One step.
(bb) Two step.
12 Guidelines for the application of deicing/anti-icing fluids.
13 Post deicing/anti-icing checks requirement.
14 Flight control check.
15 Communications after deicing/anti-icing.
16 Use of the deicing/anti-icing log (Appendix 3).
(n) Use of HOTs (F/D/G).
1 Definition of HOT.
2 When HOT begins and ends.
3 Limitations and cautions associated with the use of HOTs.
4 Source of HOT data.
5 Relationship of HOT to particular fluid concentrations and for different types of fluids.
6 Precipitation category (e.g., fog, drizzle, rain, or snow).
1 Precipitation intensity.
& How to determine a specific HOT from the HOT range that accounts for moderate or light weather conditions (F/D).
2 Adjusting HOT for changing weather conditions (F/D).
Page 14 Par 6
NOTE: Ground personnel should receive familiarization training on determining a specific HOT from the HOT range and adjusting the HOT for changing weather conditions.
(o) Pretakeoff Check Requirement (F/D). Identification of representative surfaces.
(p) Pretakeoff Contamination Check Requirement (F/D/G). Communications.
(q) Aircraft Surface Contamination Recognition (F/D/G).
7. OPERATIONS IN LIEU OF AN APPROVED DEICING/ANTI-ICING PROGRAM.
Per section 121.629(d), a certificate holder may continue to operate without an approved ground deicing/anti-icing program if it has approved procedures and properly trained personnel for conducting a pretakeoff contamination check. The certificate holder's operations specifications must contain the authorization for conducting this check in lieu of an approved program. As stated in section 121.629(d), this check is accomplished when conditions are such that frost, ice, or snow may reasonably be expected to adhere to the aircraft. The check is accomplished after the HOT has been exceeded. The check must be completed within 5 minutes before beginning takeoff and from outside the aircraft. Certificate holder's manuals and training programs should detail procedures for accomplishing this check.
John M. celle James J. Ballough forDirector, Flight Standards Service Par 6 Page 15
Appendix 1 TABLE 1. GUIDELINE FOR HOLDOVER TIMES ANTICIPATED FOR SAE TYPE I FLUID MIXTURE AS A FUNCTION OF WEATHER Rain on Cold Other‡ Soaked Wing CAUTION: 0:02 - 0:05 No holdover CAUTION: time Clear ice may guidelines require touch exist for confirmation ** TO USE THESE TIMES, THE FLUID MUST BE HEATED TO A MINIMUM TEMPERATURE OF 60°C (140°F) AT THE NOZZLE AND AT THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST WILL REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE REDUCED • SAE TYPE I FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT. Effective: October 1, 2002 APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES FAA TYPE I HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE Approximate Holdover Times Under Various Weather Conditions (hours:minutes) Light **Freezing Moderate Freezing Snow** Drizzle Rain 0:02 - 0:05 0:09 - 0:13 0:06 - 0:11 0:02 - 0:05 0:07 - 0:10 0:05 - 0:08 0:02 - 0:05 0:05 - 0:08 0:04 - 0:06 0:02 - 0:04 = Outside Air Temperature THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. ** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible ‡ Heavy snow, snow pellets, ice pellets, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail LEAST 1 LITER/M' (~ 2 GALS/100FT') MUST BE APPLIED TO DEICED SURFACES SAE Type I fluid/water mixture is selected so that the FP of the mixture is at least 10 °C (18 °F) below OAT.
Light Snow** 0:11 - 0:16 0:08 - 0:13 0:06 - 0:10 0:04 - 0:06 = Freezing Point * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT.
OAT FP Freezing Fog 0:11 - 0:17 0:08 - 0:14 0:06 - 0:10 0:05 - 0:09 CONDITIONS AND OAT. Frost* 0:45 0:45 0:45 0:45 = Degrees Fahrenheit OF above 27 27 to 21 20 to 14 below 14 = Degrees Celsius OAT °C above -3 -3 to -6 -7 to - 10 below -10 °C OF Page 1
Appendix 1 TABLE 2 - Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type Il Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY, AND IT SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. Approximate Holdover Times under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes) Other+ Rain on Cold Soaked Wing CAUTION: 0:05-0:40 No holdover 0:05-0:25 CAUTION: time guidelines exist Clear ice may require touch for confirmation SAE Type Il fluid may be used below -25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 °C (13 °F) below the OAT Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE Type Il fluid cannot be used. THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER SAE TYPE II FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES (CON'T) FAA TYPE II HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE Snow* Light Freezing Freezing Drizzle*** Rain 0:15-0:30 0:20-0:55 0:30-0:55 0:10-0:25 0:15-0:40 0:20-0:45 0:05-0:10 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 0:15-0:30 0:30-0:55 0:20-0:45 0:10-0:25 0:20-0:45 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:10 0:05-0:15 0:05-0:15 **0:10-0:25 **0:15-0:45 0:15-0:35 **0:10-0:20 **0:15-0:30 0:15-0:25 0:15-0:30 and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 °C (14 °F) *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible ‡ Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail TIME MAY BE REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT. NOTE: Type III fluids are no longer used in the United States. Therefore, Table 3 is currently not offered.
Freezing Fog 0:35-1:30 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:30 0:35-1:30 0:25-1:00 0:15-0:30 0:20-1:05 0:20-0:55 0:15-0:20 Frost* 12:00 6:00 4:00 8:00 5:00 3:00 8:00 5:00 8:00 OAT = Outside Air Temperature SAE Type II Fluid Concentration Neat-Fluid/Water (Vol. %/Vol. %) 100/0 75/25 50/50 100/0 75/25 50/50 100/0 75/25 100/0 100/0 VOL = Volume Snow includes snow grains °F above 32 32 to 27 below 27 to 7 below 7 to -13 below - 13 °C = Degrees Celsius °F = Degrees Fahrenheit OAT 14 to -25 * above 0 O to -3 below -3 to - 14 below below -25 Page 2
Appendix 1 TABLE 4 - Guideline for Holdover Times Anticipated for SAE Type IV Fluid Mixtures as a Function of Weather Conditions and OAT. CAUTION: THIS TABLE IS FOR USE IN DEPARTURE PLANNING ONLY, AND IT SHOULD BE USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PRE-TAKEOFF CHECK PROCEDURES. Other* CAUTION: No holdover time guidelines exist SAE Type IV fluid may be used below -25 °C (-13 °F) provided the freezing point of the fluid is at least 7 °C(13 °F) below the OAT and the aerodynamic acceptance criteria are met. Consider use of SAE Type I when SAE Type IV fluid cannot THE TIME OF PROTECTION WILL BE SHORTENED IN HEAVY WEATHER CONDITIONS. HEAVY PRECIPITATION RATES OR HIGH MOISTURE CONTENT, HIGH WIND VELOCITY OR JET BLAST MAY REDUCE HOLDOVER TIME BELOW THE LOWEST TIME STATED IN THE RANGE. HOLDOVER TIME MAY BE • SAE TYPE IV FLUID USED DURING GROUND DEICING/ANTI-ICING IS NOT INTENDED FOR AND DOES NOT PROVIDE PROTECTION DURING FLIGHT.
Rain on Cold Soaked Wing 0:10-0:50 0:05-0:35 CAUTION: Clear ice may require touch for confirmation APPENDIX 1. SAMPLE HOLDOVER TIME TABLES (CON'T) Approximate Holdover Times under Various Weather Conditions (hours: minutes) Light Freezing Rain 0:25-0:40 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:10 0:25-0:40 0:15-0:30 0:05-0:10 **0:10-0:25 **0:10-0:20 THE RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE APPLICATION OF THESE DATA REMAINS WITH THE USER. *** Use light freezing rain holdover times if positive identification of freezing drizzle is not possible FAA TYPE IV HOLDOVER TIME GUIDELINE Frezieng 0:40-1:10 0:35-0:50 0:10-0:20 0:40-1:10 0:35-0:50 0:10-0:20 **0:20-0:45 **0:15-0:30 Snow* Freezing Fog 0:35-1:05 1:05-2:15 0:30-1:05 1:05-1:45 0:05-0:20 0:15-0:35 0:30-0:55 1:05-2:15 0:25-0:50 1:05-1:45 0:05-0:15 0:15-0:35 0:20-0:40 0:20-1:20 0:15-0:25 0:25-0:50 0:15-0:30 0:15-0:40 * During conditions that apply to aircraft protection for ACTIVE FROST ** No holdover time guidelines exist for this condition below -10 °C (14 °F) Snow pellets, ice pellets, heavy snow, moderate and heavy freezing rain, hail REDUCED WHEN AIRCRAFT SKIN TEMPERATURE IS LOWER THAN OAT.
Frost* 18:00 6:00 4:00 12:00 5:00 3:00 12:00 5:00 12:00 be used. OAT = Outside Air Temperature SAE Type IV Fluid °F Concentration Neat- Fluid/Water (Vol. %Vol. %) 100/0 75/25 above 32 50/50 100/0 32 to 27 75/25 50/50 100/0 below 75/25 27 to 7 100/0 below 7 to -13 100/0 below - 13 °C = Degrees Celsius VOL = Volume °F = Degrees Fahrenheit Snow includes snow grains Effective: October1, 2002 OAT above 0 O to -3 below 3 to - 14 below -14 to -25 below -25 CAUTIONS:
Page 3 (and 4)
Appendix 2 APPENDIX 2. AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTI-ICING TRAINING ROSTER
AIRCRAFT DEICING/ANTICING TRAINING ROSTER
DATE LOCATION COURSE NUMBER EMPLOYEE NAME EMPLOYEE EMPLOYEE COMPANY STATION | COUASE TRANING SIGNATURE OF INDIVIDUAL (PRINT) CLASSIFICATION KUMBEROR RESULT HOURS COMPLETING COURSE
SIGNATURE 9
12.
INSTRUCTOR (1) INSTRUCTOR (2)
NAME NAME
SIGNATURE SIGNATURE
EMPLOYEE NUMBER EMPLOYEE NUMBER Page 1 (and 2)
Appendix 3 APPENDIX 3. STATION DEICING/ANTI-ICING FORM
STATION DEICING/ANTI-ICING FORM
DEICING PRO DOR STATION FIGHT NACHAFT WEATHER COMOTION MAInUD NOTITHE SPECHY LOCAL SIGNATURE OF EMPLOYEE NUMBER OF
DATE HEGISTRATXON AT TIME OF DEKING TEMPERATUNE FREEZE FONT START TIME OF THE PEASON CONTAMING THAT THE ARCRAFT NUMBER M °C GLYCOL MEXTURE FINAL FLUID IS FREE OF COMTAMINANTS AND ALL REQUED AFPLICATION INSFECTIONS, INCLUDING AIRCRAFT SPECFIC.
HAVE BEEN COMPLETED JIAN ESTABLISH VERBAL COMMUNICATION WITH FLIGHT CREW PRIOR TO DEICING.
THE INFORMATION IN COLUMNS WITH BOLD OUTLINE MUST BE COMMUNICATED TO FLIGHT CREW
AFTER DEICING ANDIOR ANTI-JONG HAS BEEN COMPLETED Page 1 (and 2)