Par 2.11.1 Page 43 SECTION 2.11. CHECKLISTS AND JOB AIDS
2.11.1 Using Checklists and Job Aids. The operator should develop a system when performing tasks to incorporate controls as part of their processes and procedures. In other words, checks and restraints are designed into a process to ensure a desired result. This could be a checklist or job aid. For example, a loading checklist or job aid and predeparture checklist or job aid may be used together to positively verify that the condition, weight, and sequencing of each pallet is correct for each loaded position on the aircraft. Examples of checklists and job aids with related items (not all inclusive) to accomplish this may include the following:
2.11.1.1 Cargo Acceptance:
2.11.1.1.1 Documentation;
2.11.1.1.2 Visual check;
2.11.1.1.3 Special cargo (Contact SCAF); and
2.11.1.1.4 Hazmat (See Hazardous Materials Acceptance Checklist).
2.11.1.2 ULD Serviceability:
2.11.1.2.1 Receiving check; and
2.11.1.2.2 Damage limits.
2.11.1.3 Cargo Buildup:
2.11.1.3.1 CG;
2.11.1.3.2 Cargo contour; and
2.11.1.3.3 Marking and labeling.
2.11.1.4 Aircraft Pre-loading, Loading, and Unloading:
2.11.1.4.1 Pre-loading: Visual check of CLS for broken missing components;
2.11.1.4.2 Loading: Adequate restraint used to secure cargo; and
2.11.1.4.3 After loading: Check that all locks are in the up position.
2.11.1.5 Flightcrew Predeparture and Post-Flight Cargo:
2.11.1.5.1 Final check that cargo is secured properly;
2.11.1.5.2 Load manifest signed and supporting documentation available; and
2.11.1.5.3 After flight, were any broken restraint devices identified?
Par 2.11.1 Page 44
2.11.1.6 Hazmat:
2.11.1.6.1 Hazardous Materials Acceptance Checklist accomplished; and
2.11.1.6.2 Notification to PIC.
2.11.1.7 Live Animal: Dry ice not compatible with live animal.
2.11.1.8 Special Cargo:
2.11.1.8.1 SCAF; and
2.11.1.8.2 Cargo restraint schematic.
2.11.1.9 Vehicle Inspection:
2.11.1.9.1 Leaking fluids; and
2.11.1.9.2 Gas tank levels.
2.11.1.10 Station Audit:
2.11.1.10.1Documentation;
2.11.1.10.2Training records;
2.11.1.10.3Scale calibration;
2.11.1.10.4Operators manuals; and
2.11.1.10.5Vendor audits.
Par 2.12.1 Page 45 SECTION 2.12. OPERATOR’S EVALUATION SYSTEM FOR W&B CONTROL
2.12.1 Overview. An operator should establish and maintain a closed-loop system for the continuing analysis, evaluation, and surveillance of the performance and effectiveness of its W&B control program. The closed-loop system should include at least: surveillance, root cause analysis, corrective action, and followup. This system periodically monitors the performance and effectiveness of the W&B control program, which includes cargo operations, to ensure constant compliance. (These elements can be found in the current edition of AC 120-79, Developing and Implementing an Air Carrier Continuing Analysis and Surveillance System.) Operators can add this system to their CASS or they can develop their own closed-loop system.
NOTE: This is a shared responsibility between operations and maintenance roles. A process should be in place to ensure that the operator reports and tracks this information to the CASS or similar parallel closed-loop system.
2.12.2 System List. The system should define how and when the operators/applicants audit the W&B cargo operation control system to include, at a minimum:
• Aircraft loading;
• Cargo buildup;
• Carriage of Special Cargo;
• Vendors;
• Personnel training;
• Freight forwarders; and
• CLS.
2.12.3 System Performance. System performance should be monitored to include such items as load plans, load manifests, aircraft configuration changes, cargo loading and restraint system performance (e.g., broken straps identified after use in flight and in-flight shift of cargo), and human factors issues with loaders, load supervisors, and vendors.
2.12.4 System Effectiveness. System effectiveness should be monitored to identify the reliability of the overall performance for cargo operations.
Par 2.13.1 Page 46 SECTION 2.13. TRAINING PROGRAMS
2.13.1 Training Programs. Operators should develop a cargo operations and W&B training programs. Training should explain employee functions (commensurate to their tasks and responsibilities), and express expectations of job duties and responsibilities according to the operator’s procedures. An operator should have procedures to train its employees, managers, and vendors to its standards, as applicable. Personnel performing cargo operation functions must be trained, qualified, and authorized, as defined in the operator’s manual. This training must be easily identified by documentation in training records and authorization documents readily available.
2.13.2 Training Program Components. The operator’s training program should include:
2.13.2.1 A curriculum acceptable to the FAA.
2.13.2.2 Procedures for maintaining training records using the operator’s policy or applicable regulations.
2.13.2.3 Recurrent training requirements and intervals not to exceed 24 months.
NOTE: In accordance with part 121 regulatory requirements, pilots and aircraft dispatchers require recurrent W&B training every 12 calendar-months.
2.13.2.4 A description of the training program methods. The program may consist of one or more of the following methods:
2.13.2.4.1 Classroom sessions;
2.13.2.4.2 On-the-job training (OJT);
2.13.2.4.3 Computer-based training (CBT); or
2.13.2.4.4 Other training methodologies operators consider appropriate;
2.13.2.5 A periodic review and update of the program.
2.13.2.6 Proper identification of employees authorized to provide the training.
2.13.2.7 General awareness and familiarization with hazmat training.
2.13.2.8 Content, application, and use of OEM/STC WBMs (source documents).
2.13.3 Identifying Individuals Who Need Training. An operator should have procedures to properly identify those individuals who need training. An operator should provide training to operator and vendor loading personnel. These individuals may include:
• Aircraft loading personnel;
Par 2.13.3 Page 47
• Maintenance personnel;
• Crewmembers;
• Dispatchers/flight followers;
• Purchasing agents;
• Receiving personnel;
• Freight forwarders and shippers;
• Cargo sales employees and general cargo sales agents;
• Supervisory loading personnel;
• Personnel whose job function entails control of the amount and placement of fuel on board the aircraft;
• Ground handlers;
• Cargo buildup personnel;
• Load planners; and
• Persons involved with W&B and CG calculations.
2.13.4 Curriculum for W&B Training and Cargo Operations.
2.13.4.1 W&B.
2.13.4.1.1 W&B Fundamentals. All operator and vendor personnel involved in a cargo program should receive fundamental W&B training at a general subject matter level to include:
2.13.4.1.1.1 Familiarization with varying aircraft weights based on manufacturer requirements;
2.13.4.1.1.2 The importance of conforming to and applying aircraft manufacturer and TC/STC requirements and zone or compartment limits;
2.13.4.1.1.3 The importance of accurate W&B calculations; and
2.13.4.1.1.4 The importance of proper communication among various personnel.
2.13.4.1.2 W&B and CG Calculations. The operator’s training course for personnel or contractors involved with W&B and CG calculations should include, at a minimum:
2.13.4.1.2.1 Conforming and applying weight limitations by position, zone, or compartment of an aircraft using the aircraft manufacturer’s requirements;
2.13.4.1.2.2 Determining CG limits for the aircraft;
2.13.4.1.2.3 Loading the aircraft per CG limits;
2.13.4.1.2.4 Calculating W&B and CG using operator procedures, to include automated or manual calculation systems;
2.13.4.1.2.5 Notifying the flightcrew of the W&B of the aircraft;
Par 2.13.4 Page 48
2.13.4.1.2.6 Accounting for the effect of weights of crews, other persons, cargo, and baggage;
2.13.4.1.2.7 Communicating W&B or CG issues to personnel involved with cargo loading;
2.13.4.1.2.8 Position of cargo and baggage;
2.13.4.1.2.9 Processes that factor CG offsets into cargo, both loaded into ULDs and loaded onto the aircraft; and
2.13.4.1.2.10 Processes and procedures to train and qualify personnel to calculate W&B.
2.13.4.2 CLS. An operator should provide CLS training to personnel with job functions involving equipment installed to the floor of an aircraft cargo compartment used to restrain ULDs. The CLS usually consists of rollers, side guides, and locks for securing ULDs to the aircraft structure. Operators should qualify personnel under a training program that includes procedures, as applicable, for:
2.13.4.2.1 Inspections for serviceability, including accounting for damaged or missing restraint devices;
2.13.4.2.2 Repairs;
2.13.4.2.3 Reconfiguration;
2.13.4.2.4 MEL and Configuration Deviation List (CDL);
2.13.4.2.5 Loading procedures and their effect on aircraft performance;
2.13.4.2.6 Potential hazards to flight caused by improper loading;
2.13.4.2.7 Passenger baggage and cargo is properly loaded and restrained; and
2.13.4.2.8 Authorized restraint systems for each of the operator’s aircraft types.
2.13.4.3 Cargo Buildup. All operator, freight forwarder, and other vendor personnel involved in cargo buildup and breakdown should receive cargo buildup training, as well as personnel whose job functions include verifying eligibility of cargo, and selecting, assembling, and palletizing cargo for airlift. Elements of cargo buildup training include:
2.13.4.3.1 Concentrated loads;
2.13.4.3.2 Pallet load limitations;
2.13.4.3.3 Restraint;
Par 2.13.4 Page 49
2.13.4.3.4 Damage limits for ULDs and restraint devices;
2.13.4.3.5 Compatibility of aircraft/pallet and net/pallet combinations;
2.13.4.3.6 Hazmat;
2.13.4.3.7 Scales;
2.13.4.3.8 Proper ULD configuration;
2.13.4.3.9 Container configurations and conditions;
2.13.4.3.10CG offsets, profiling, and authorization for use on a particular aircraft;
2.13.4.3.11Training on how to build up a ULD to comply with CG control; and
2.13.4.3.12Documentation.
2.13.4.4 ULD. All operator and vendor personnel involved in cargo loading should receive ULD training. Personnel whose job functions include determining compatibility of pallet/net combinations (per operator’s procedures), pallet and airframe compatibility, and cargo restraint devices (e.g., intermixing straps) should have training in these areas.
2.13.4.4.1 Elements the ULD Training Program Should Contain. The operator should develop a training program that includes:
2.13.4.4.1.1 ULD identification. This should include a review of unique ULDs and identify the risks of loading a ULD not authorized for loading aboard the aircraft.
2.13.4.4.1.2 ULD damage limits and changes to limits. If a ULD’s damage limits are modified, the operator notifies all appropriate loading personnel and the training program is modified to reflect the new limits;
2.13.4.4.1.3 ULD CG Limits;
2.13.4.4.1.4 Voided space in ULD;
2.13.4.4.1.5 Cargo contours;
2.13.4.4.1.6 ULD identification tags;
2.13.4.4.1.7 ULD weight limits;
2.13.4.4.1.8 Serviceability checks;
2.13.4.4.1.9 Fastening container components;
2.13.4.4.1.10 Fastening a cargo net to a pallet; and
Par 2.13.4 Page 50
2.13.4.4.1.11 Recurrent training for all loading personnel involved in ULD buildup.
Operators should determine the time and type of recurrent training appropriate to the type of operation. Operators should require requalification and reauthorization training if loading personnel involved in ULD buildup are no longer considered properly trained, qualified, and authorized.
2.13.4.4.2 ULD Maintenance. Persons performing ULD maintenance should undergo training on the operator’s maintenance program that includes:
2.13.4.4.2.1 Acceptance inspection;
2.13.4.4.2.2 Routine inspection;
2.13.4.4.2.3 Damage limits;
2.13.4.4.2.4 Repair;
2.13.4.4.2.5 Maintenance records; and
2.13.4.4.2.6 Return to service.
2.13.4.5 Special Cargo Analysis. Elements of SCAF:
2.13.4.5.1 TRC: Determining TRC, loading procedures and restraint methods.
2.13.4.5.2 Frangible cargo: Determining frangible cargo requirements, usage and procedures and provide training instructions.
2.13.4.5.3 Procedures for transporting special cargo.
2.13.4.5.4 Proficient with the content of OEM/STC WBMs.
2.13.4.6 Loading/Unloading Training. All operator and vendor personnel involved in cargo loading and unloading should receive training appropriate to their function. This includes personnel whose cargo handling functions include ground transportation of cargo, movement of cargo onto or off of an aircraft, or movement/securing of cargo aboard the aircraft with appropriate devices and equipment. Elements of loading/unloading training include:
2.13.4.6.1 Sill guards (if applicable);
2.13.4.6.2 Tail posts (if applicable);
2.13.4.6.3 Tail stands (if applicable);
2.13.4.6.4 Tail tipping avoidance;
2.13.4.6.5 Aircraft doors, nets, and smoke barriers;
2.13.4.6.6 Aircraft floor and ULD base load limits;
2.13.4 Page 51
2.13.4.6.7 Aircraft weight limits;
2.13.4.6.8 Aircraft CG range limits;
2.13.4.6.9 Cargo access aisle;
2.13.4.6.10Aircraft damage avoidance;
2.13.4.6.11Damage notification;
2.13.4.6.12Cargo clearance;
2.13.4.6.13CLS;
2.13.4.6.14Bulk loaded cargo;
2.13.4.6.15Cargo requiring special handling;
2.13.4.6.16Shoring usage;
2.13.4.6.17Blocking and bracing;
2.13.4.6.18Hazmat;
2.13.4.6.19Restraint, including calculating forward, aft, lateral, and vertical restraint;
the proper usage of the floor tracks and side rail attachment points for loadmasters; and/or personnel supervising the cargo load on these areas;
2.13.4.6.20Special cargo;
2.13.4.6.21Frangible cargo; and
2.13.4.6.22Material handling equipment.
2.13.4.7 Supervising Cargo Loading.
2.13.4.7.1 Responsibilities. The operator should train, qualify, and authorize the person responsible for loading cargo on an aircraft. This person supervises the sequencing, loading, unloading, and securing of cargo, and is the last load control verification before signing the load manifest.
2.13.4.7.2 Elements of Cargo Loading Supervision Training. Load supervision candidates should be trained in the elements listed in subparagraphs 2.13.4.1, 2, 3, 4, and 6; as well as the below topics:
2.13.4.7.2.1 Interlining;
2.13.4.7.2.2 Aircraft cargo handling;
Par 2.13.4 Page 52
2.13.4.7.2.3 Cargo loading documentation;
2.13.4.7.2.4 Load planning;
2.13.4.7.2.5 Interface with foreign agencies and military units;
2.13.4.7.2.6 COMAT; and
2.13.4.7.2.7 Familiarity with the accepted operator’s W&B control program or operator’s manuals, including the necessary OEM/STC WBMs.
2.13.5 Accident/Incident Reporting. An operator should have procedures to ensure it trains its personnel in accident/incident reporting procedures.
2.13.6 Providing Air Cargo Information to Flightcrew Members. An operator’s flight operations training should adequately inform the flightcrew, at a minimum, of the following:
• Potential hazards to flight caused by improper loading;
• Procedures used to ensure the aircraft weight is correct;
• Procedures to report unserviceable ULDs;
• Loading and weight limitations for removing or deferring cargo restraint components;
• Proper load configurations when using nets, straps, or containers;
• Requirements when loading and restraining special cargo; and
• General awareness and familiarization hazmat training.
2.13.7 Use of Vendors to Provide Training. An operator may designate a person employed by a vendor, such as an aircraft company, ground handling company, or a freight forwarder authorized to train that company’s employees. The operator should have procedures to accept the program.
2.13.8 Evaluation of Training. An operator’s closed-loop system, which monitors the elements of surveillance, analysis, corrective action, and followup, should include an evaluation of the operator’s cargo training program. The operator also may use an internal evaluation program to review its training program. The operator should ensure it has procedures to periodically review the training program and make changes as necessary.
2.13.9 Training Records.
2.13.9.1 Retention. An operator should retain its current training records for the duration of employment plus 90 days. The operator should have procedures for retention of such records.
2.13.9.2 Who Retains Records. The operator is responsible to ensure that training records are retainedThe operator may retain these records iteself, or it may choose to have the vendor retain them. The operator or the vendor may maintain the training records in electronic form or hardcopy.
Par 2.13.10 Page 53 (and 54)
2.13.10 Training Record Contents. At a minimum, an operator’s training records should contain:
• The name of the person trained;
• The initial training date and most recent recurrent training date;
• A description, copy, or the location of training material used;
• The name and location of the person that provided the training; and
• Certification that the person was tested and successfully completed training.