Appendix 4 Page 1 (and 2) APPENDIX 4. DELIVERY: NEW AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES,
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES TO DELIVER TURBULENCE
INFORMATION
(1) Flight Deck Uplink. Flight deck uplink of graphic weather products uses Uplink product standards and the associated flight deck display systems. Carry-on display systems such as the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB) are being developed as a first generation flight deck weather display system. Second generation systems (new aircraft production) will feature flight deck panel mounted displays, designed to be compatible with the uplink graphics developed for the carry-on systems such as the EFB. Flight deck weather uplink is supported by several NASA/FAA/industry system/program initiatives, and associated standard setting activities.
• AWIN: Aviation Weather Information is a broad based Government/industry initiative to provide advanced weather products into the flight deck http://awin.larc.nasa.gov/overview.htm
• WINNCOMM: Weather Information Network COMMunication – NASA program that is investigating communication alternatives of weather products to the flight deck. This program will support flight deck initiatives such as AWIN http://wxap.grc.nasa.gov/wincomm/
• EWXR: Enhanced Weather Radar is a program to develop advanced processes for utilization of on-board weather radar information. Features under development include storm motion tracking, weather hazard analysis, storm top determination, and combination of airborne and ground based weather products to create a composite strategic and tactical weather display
(2) Flight Deck Uplink Standard Setting Activities
• RTCA Special Committee SC-195: This committee is developing the standards for data link of graphical weather to the flight deck
(3) Aircraft Sensor Systems. Aircraft weather radar enhancements and new aircraft turbulence sensors are being developed under several government/industry programs:
• EDR: Eddy Dissipation Rate is a derived atmospheric parameter for defining atmospheric turbulence developed by NCAR as part of the FAA Turbulence PDT.
EDR software utilizes inputs from standard aircraft performance systems to generate an aircraft independent turbulence metric. ICAO has adopted EDR as the international standard for automated turbulence reporting. Currently, one airline has 100 aircraft downlinking average and peak EDR values at one-minute intervals
Appendix 5 APPENDIX 5. GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF SOME OF THE DATA
USED IN THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR
The following pages contain data compiled from NTSB accident reports relating to turbulence over the period 1980-2003.
Plots show year-to-year numbers and trend lines for:
• Turbulence Accidents, 1980 – 2003, U.S. Air Carriers
• Turbulence Accidents Per Million Departures, U.S. Air Carriers, 1982 - 2003
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 APPENDIX 5. GRAPHICAL DEPICTION OF SOME OF THE DATA USED IN THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR (Continued) TTuurrbbuulleennccee AAcccciiddeennttss,, 11998800--22000033 UU..SS.. AAiirr CCaarrrriieerrss The number of turbulence accidents has increased steadily for a decade AC 120-88A 1/19/06 Appendix 5 P a g e 2
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX 55.. GGRRAAPPHHIICCAALL DDEEPPIICCTTIIOONN OOFF SSOOMMEE OOFF TTHHEE DDAATTAA UUSSEEDD IINN TTHHIISS AADDVVIISSOORRYY CCIIRRCCUULLAARR ((CCoonnttiinnuueedd)) TTuurrbbuulleennccee AAcccciiddeennttss PPeerr MMiilllliioonn DDeeppaarrttuurreess UU..SS.. AAiirr ccaarrrriieerrss,, 11998822--22000033
The increase in accidents and injuries cannot be explained only by volume.
The controlling factor might be load factors.
1/19/06 AC 120-88A A p p e n d i x 5 0
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1.8 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 Page 3 (and 4)