Appendix 2
SAMPLE MANUAL
ROTORCRAFT - LOAD COMBINATION
FLIGHT MANUAL American Helicopters, Inc.
(NAME OF OPERATOR AS SHOWN ON CERTIFICATE) e11-206, Sikorsky-581, 6 N 1170. N 4350. N 4417
AKE AND MODEL ROTORCRAF REGISTRATION NUMBER CLASS A B. and C LOAD COMBINATION (A, B, or C) August 1, 1979
DATE REVISED PAGES - Figure 1. Sample cover page.
Appendix 2
CONTENTS SECTION 1.
OPERATING LIMITATIONS:
1. Certification.
2. Persons aboard.
3. Area operation limitations.
4. Total weight - type certification.
5. Location of center of gravity (CG).
6. Total weight - load combination.
7. Airspeed limitations.
8. External-load weight in relation to attachment weight limitation.
9. Miscellaneous limitations.
SECTION 2.
LOAD COMBINATION OPERATING PROCEDURES:
1. Information peculiar to the load combination.
2. Operating procedures.
3. Emergency conditions.
4. Static electricity discharges.
5. Other information essential to operation safety.
6. Ground-to-air hand signals.
7. Demonstration of load-carrying capabilities.
8. Required placards.
Figure 2. Sample contents page.
Appendix 2 SECTION 1.
OPERATING LIMITATIONS.
In addition to the operating limitations set forth in the Approved Rotorcraft Flight Manual, this aircraft will be operated in accordance with the following operating limitations:
1. No person shall operate this aircraft with an external-load unless he/ she holds an FAA External-Load Operator Certificate and has an entry in his/her logbook or a letter of competency as required by FAR
133.31(d) (3). He/she must have the logbook or a. letter of competency in his/her personal possession during the operation.
2. No person who is not a required crewmember may be carried aboard the aircraft (unless he/she performs an essential function in connection with the external-load operation.) When the aircraft used requires a hoist operator, the air crewmember must at all times wear an approved hoist operator's safety harness.
3. Operations shall not be conducted over congested areas unless coordinated with the FAA District Office in accordance with a congested area plan developed in compliance with FAR 133.31(f) (1) and (2).
The total weight of this aircraft and load combination shall not exceed pounds gross takeoff weight.
5. The location of the center of gravity for this aircraft and load combination shall be within the center of gravity range established during type certification under FAR Part 27 (formerly Civil Air Regulations Part 6) or special purpose certification of the aircraft.
6. The total weight of this aircraft and load combination shall not exceed pounds.
7. This aircraft shall be operated within its limiting height/speed envelope, if any, but not to exceed (kts. or m.p.h.). Extreme caution should be exercised when carrying external-loads, as controllability may be affected due to the size and shape of the cargo--OR--this aircraft shall be operated at a speed elected by the pilot, but not to exceed.
(kts. or m.p.h.).
8. The external-load shall not exceed _ pounds.
9. Other limitations deemed necessary by the operator.
Figure 3. Sample text pages.
Appendix 2 SECTION 2.
LOAD COMBINATION INFORMATION:
l. Operator will list information pertaining to the peculiarities of the load combination, such as:
a. Oscillating tendencies;
b. Ground effect - in and out;
c. Density altitude;
d. Strong or gusty winds;
e. Abrupt control movements; and
f. Acceleration limitations.
2. Normal - inspect the cargo sling for proper installation and overall condition. Also check the load to make sure it is rigged properly and safely. Check the electrical release and the manual release on the ground before flight. Activate the circuit by pushing the cargo release circuit breaker IN. Position cargo release switch on panel to SAFE (off) when attaching cargo, then move switch to MANUAL or AUTO, as desired after cargo is attached and hook is locked.
NOTE: When cargo release switch is positioned at AUTO, cargo can be released either by the electric manual switch or by touchdown; however, a minimum cargo weight of 125 pounds is required for automatic operation of the cargo hook. Lift cargo load to a hover and check the remaining power to determine if you have enough to safely carry the load. While hovering, verify that directional control is adequate. When moving into horizontal flight, use smooth, slow control movements to minimize settling and to prevent the load from swinging. In forward flight, check for hazardous oscillations of the external-load.
When approaching a landing area with a critical load, come in slowly and start bringing in power early so as to allow for the lack of a good ground cushion to slow your descent.
3. In the event of electrical failure, use the manual release to drop the cargo load. If any difficulties arise during the flight and an emergency landing is necessary, release the load immediately. if for some reason the load will not release, use a full flare landing so as to eliminate dragging the load on the ground prior to touchdown as this will cause the aircraft to nose over with inadequate aft cyclic control to compensate. (It is suggested that cable hand cutters be carried as an emergency means of releasing the load in the event electrical and manual means fail.)
Figure 3--continued.
Appendix 2
4. Information regarding static electricity discharges - Class B loads. Before attaching the cargo hook to the load, make sure the aircraft has been grounded so as to drain charges of static electricity that build up in flight.
5. Operator will list any other information essential for safe operation, such as:
a • Precautions to avoid high-tension wires;
b. Lightning (Class C loads);
c. Standard hand signals - ground crew to pilot. (See page 11 of this manual);
d. Crossing over main highways, etc;
Delivering cargo (an example is given on this subject).
Caution must be exercised when approaching the ground with any sling load to make sure that the helicopter is at a complete hover and the load touches down without being dragged across the ground. Motion at touchdown not only damages the load, but places high forces on the sling which can affect control of the helicopter when movement is excessive.
6. All personnel engaged in the external-load operation will be familiar with and use the signals on page 11 of this manual.
7. This rotorcraft has demonstrated its airworthiness in accordance with Sections 133.41 and 133.43 of FAR Part 133 and is approved for Class B rotorcraft-load combinations up to a maximum externalload of pounds.
NOTE: This maximum load figure was derived using a 170-pound pilot weight and - gallons of gasoline. Allowances must be made for any changes in these factors.
8. Required placards.
a. A placard for the maximum external-load will be marked on each side of the fuselage near the external-load hook.
b. An instrument panel placard will be installed describing CLASS load approval.
9. Illustration of Standard Hand Signals.
Figure 3--continued.
AC 133-1 A 10/16/79 Appendix 2 MOVE
RIGHT HOLD- HOYER То поло "Наів" і оне MOVE
LEFT TAKEOFF aght hand babind back; loft hood MOVE
FORWARD LAND Comalassion of sm do a collecting me Aome crossed in from off body and MOVE
REARWARD MOVE UPWARD
RELEASE SUNG
LOAD MOVE
DOWNWARD
• hold down away from.
Figure 3--continued
Appendix 2
10. After the helicopter has been directed into position, one ground crewmember should remain within sight of the pilot to direct with hand signals while two others attend to the cargo hookup. All hookups made to the helicopter while it is in a hover should be hastened to minimize the time the hookup personnel are required to spend underneath the helicopter. Whenever practical, the helicopter should be landed alongside the cargo for hookup.
If a hookup is to be performed without the aid of a helicopter director, an air crewmember should lie prone on the floor and look downward from the main entrance doorway. From here, he/she can observe the actions of the ground crewmembers and direct the pilot on the interphone.
11. Hand signals. when giving hand signals to the pilot, a ground crewmember must stand in front of and to the right of the helicopter, in sight of the pilot. Appendix 2, page 6, 11lustrates standard hand signals that may be used for day or night operations.
The operating limitations as set forth in Section 1 and the load combination information contained in Section 2 are the conditions under which I will conduct this rotorcraft external-load combination operation.
(Operator's signature) Figure 3--continued.
* U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1979 311-586/282 7