Appendix B B-8 Figure B-3. Training Course Outline Checklist
1. The name of the chief instructor and any assistant chief instructors designated for the course.
2. A statement indicating which curriculum in part 141 or the name of the special curriculum upon which the TCO is based.
3. A description of each room used for ground training, including room size and maximum number of students that may be trained at one time.
4. A description of each type of training aid used for ground training.
5. A description of each flight simulation training device (FSTD) and ATD used for flight training, in sufficient detail that the inspector can readily determine if the device may be used for the amount of flight training credit requested.
6. A listing of airports at which training flights originate (main and satellite bases) and a description of the facilities, including pilot briefing areas available for use by school’s students and personnel.
7. A description of each type of aircraft and any special equipment used for each phase of training.
8. The minimum qualifications and ratings for each instructor assigned to ground or flight training. (Review §§ 141.79 and 141.81; FAA Order 8900.1, Volume 2, Chapter 9, Section 1, subparagraph 2-1072D; and the appropriate part 141 appendix.)
9. A method for tracking revisions (such as a record of changes page) to the TCO.
10. A training syllabus that is a “building block” progression of learning with provisions for regular review and evaluation at prescribed stages. (Review § 141.55;
AC 141-1; Order 8900.1, Volume 3, Chapter 53, Section 2, subparagraph 3-4309D;
and the appropriate part 141 appendix.)
Appendix B B-9 Figure B-4. Syllabus Checklist
1.
Must contain any prerequisites necessary for enrollment in the course, such as minimum pilot certificates and ratings, class of medical, and any training, pilot experience, or special knowledge required.
2. Course objective(s) must contain a description of what the course is expected to accomplish with regard to student learning, and state in broad terms, the knowledge and skill goals to be reached by the student at the end of the course.
3. Course content must identify the specific subject matter that will be taught to develop the student’s knowledge and skills necessary to meet the course, stage, and lesson objectives, and completion standards.
4. The content must support the objectives, be arranged in a logical sequence, and be obtainable within the estimated stages and course times.
5. Reasonable variances in timeframes should be considered to accommodate for individual learning differences when determining the estimated timeframes of lessons, stages, and courses.
6. Course content and syllabus should conform to the appropriate part 141 appendix, or part 61 knowledge and skill requirements if a Special Curriculum (§ 141.57).
Completion standards shall never be less than the appropriate airman certification standards (ACS) or practical test standards (PTS), as appropriate.
Appendix C C-1 APPENDIX C. REFERENCES AND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (Current Editions) C.1 Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
• Part 60, Flight Simulation Training Device Initial and Continuing Qualification and Use.
• Part 61, Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground Instructors.
• Part 91, General Operating and Flight Rules.
• Part 141, Pilot Schools.
C.2 Title 49 of the United States Code (49 U.S.C.) Part 1552.
C.3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Order 8900.1.
• Volume 2, Chapter 1, Section 1, Safety Assurance System: General Information and the Certification Process.
• Volume 2, Chapter 1, Section 3, Safety Assurance System: Obtaining and Constructing Certificate/Designator Numbers.
• Volume 2, Chapter 9, Section 1, Initial Certification or Renewal of a Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 2, Chapter 9, Section 2, Introduction to Part 141 Airworthiness Related Tasks.
• Volume 2, Chapter 9, Section 3, Evaluate Airworthiness Issues of Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 3, Chapter 1, Section 1, Safety Assurance System: General.
• Volume 3, Chapter 53, Section 1, Introduction to Part 141 Related Tasks.
• Volume 3, Chapter 53, Section 2, Approve Training Course Outlines for a Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 4, Chapter 4, Section 2, MEL Requirements for 14 CFR Parts 91, 137, and 142 Operations.
• Volume 5, Chapter 12, Section 1, Conduct a Chief/Assistant Chief Instructor Practical Test for 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 5, Chapter 12, Section 2, Conduct a Stage Test for a Title 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 5, Chapter 12, Section 3, Designate and/or Renew an Airman Certification Representative (ACR) Title 14 CFR Part 141 Schools Only.
• Volume 5, Chapter 12, Section 4, Examining Authority.
• Volume 6, Chapter 7, Section 1, Conduct Facility Inspection of a Part 141 Pilot School.
Appendix C C-2
• Volume 6, Chapter 7, Section 2, Inspect a Part 141 Pilot School.
• Volume 11, Chapter 1, Section 1, Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program for Air Carriers and Regulated Entities.
C.4 Advisory Circulars (AC).
• AC 61-139, Institution of Higher Education’s Application for Authority to Certify its Graduates for an Airline Transport Pilot Certificate with Reduced Aeronautical Experience.
• AC 120-78, Electronic Signatures, Electronic Recordkeeping, and Electronic Manuals.
C.5 FAA Form 8420-8, Application for Pilot School Certification.
C.6 FAA Safety Team (FAASTeam) Website. Additional information on part 141 pilot school certification can be found through the FAASTeam online course 141 Pilot School:
Pre-Certification Course at https://www.faasafety.gov/gslac/ALC/course_content.aspx?pf =1&preview=true&cID=182.
C.7 The U.S. Transportation Security Administration’s (TSA) Alien Flight Student Program (AFSP). https://www.flightschoolcandidates.gov.
Appendix D D-1 APPENDIX D. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQ)
1. What is the purpose of 14 CFR part 141, and to whom does it apply?
Part 141 applies to anyone who wants to apply for an FAA part 141 pilot school certificate, has been certificated as an FAA part 141 pilot school, is renewing his or her part 141 pilot school certificate, or any interested party.
2. What does part 141 pilot school mean?
An FAA part 141 pilot school is synonymous with the following: certificated pilot school, pilot school, provisional pilot school, 14 CFR part 141 flight school, part 141 certification, or part 141 training. It means the FAA has approved your submission and authorized you to offer flight and ground training to potential candidates in accordance with the Air Agency Certificate issued.
3. What is an Air Agency Certificate? I thought I was going to be certified as a part 141 pilot school.
An Air Agency Certificate is the certificate issued by the FAA to a part 141 pilot school, a 14 CFR part 145 repair station, or a 14 CFR part 142 training center. These are each considered to be an air agency.
4. Is 14 CFR part 61 training better than part 141 training?
This is one of the questions to be determined when deliberating about a flight school. There are advantages to both options. Because the regulations (parts 61 and 141) contain substantially different requirements, review and consideration must be exercised. Once your review is concluded, should you still have questions, contact your local Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) for clarification.
5. What is a Flight Standards District Office (FSDO )?
FSDOs are the FAA offices responsible for certifying applicants for pilot school certificates, among other responsibilities. This office will work with you through the certification process and subsequently, once certification is completed.
6. How do I begin the application process to become a provisional pilot school?
The first step is to submit a Letter of Intent (LOI) to your local FSDO. The letter needs to include specific information, which can be found in FAA guidance (see Chapter 2, Preapplication Phase).
Appendix D D-2
7. If I have everything in order necessary to begin a part 141 pilot school, can the FSDO expedite my certificate?
The process for completing the part 141 certification requires a commitment of time and resources on the part of the local FSDO. The LOI you provide to the FAA will be acknowledged and you will be placed in the queue. The FSDO will notify you when the office is able to begin the certification process.
8. Are all phases of certification required, or can I skip some of them?
The phases of certification were established to accommodate the applicant and the FSDO by allowing sufficient time for review, resubmitting documentation when necessary, and the required inspections. The certification team assigned to your certification process is knowledgeable and will assist you through this process.
9. Once I am authorized by the FAA as a part 141 pilot school, what oversight should I expect from the FAA?
FAA oversight could be construed as a partnership with the certificate holder. It is the goal of the FAA to assure safe and compliant operations and to provide assistance when requested.
The assigned principal operations inspector (POI), principal maintenance inspector (PMI), and principal avionics inspector (PAI) will have periodic surveillance tasks to perform, intending minimal disruption to the operation. Also, the inspectors serve as a resource to the certificate holder regarding expanding operations, understanding of regulations, or training considerations.
10. What are so-called “add-on” courses and who can take advantage of these courses?
Ratings may be added through an additional aircraft category and/or class rating course under part 141 appendix I. A person must hold the level of pilot certification for the additional aircraft category and class rating prior to enrolling in the flight portion of the add-on course.
For example, a private pilot with a rotorcraft helicopter rating may be enrolled in the flight portion of a course approved for additional ratings at the private level. That same pilot would not be eligible for the flight portion of any additional category and/or class rating course at the commercial level.
FAA Guidance (FAA Order 8900.1)
1. What is the purpose of FAA guidance?
FAA guidance, also referred to as “the guidance” or Order 8900.1, is an FAA directive that aviation safety inspectors (ASI) are required to follow in the execution of their job tasks.
FAA guidance (specifically Order 8900.1) are procedures the FAA has established to implement FAA regulations.
Appendix D D-3
2. I understand that part 141 pilot schools are required to follow FAA regulations, but am I responsible for following FAA guidance?
FAA guidance is sometimes referred to as “the inspector’s handbook,” and inspectors are required to follow this guidance. By creating guidance for inspectors, the regulations are consistently applied through these established procedures.
Another advantage of FAA guidance is that it can be an excellent reference to the applicant or a certificate holder. For example, the guidance specifies what the inspector must receive from an applicant in order to accept an applicant’s submission. By referring to the guidance, the applicant can better prepare for the certification process. Another example is the guidance telling the inspector how to inspect a certificate holder’s operation (e.g., facilities, records, personnel, and equipment); this may include job aids or checklists. If the certificate holder is aware of these task requirements and the tools used by the ASI, it may help the certificate holder to establish best practices and expedite inspections.
3. How is FAA inspector handbook guidance useful to the initial applicant or a current certificate holder?
Reference to the same material FAA inspectors use can help to clarify information or processes.
It is a benefit to the applicant or certificate holder to have immediate access to this resource when an inspector is not readily accessible. It benefits the inspector to have well-informed applicants and certificate holders. Inspector guidance (Order 8900.1) is a public document and can be found at http://fsims.faa.gov/PICResults.aspx?mode=EBookContents&restricttocateg ory=all~menu.
Appendix E E-1 APPENDIX E. PART 141 PILOT SCHOOL SIMULATION TRAINING
CREDIT ALLOWANCES E.1 All training time in a full flight simulator (FFS), flight training device (FTD), or aviation training device (ATD) must be provided by an authorized flight instructor and documented as described in 14 CFR part 61, § 61.51, including the type and identification of the FFS, FTD, or ATD as appropriate.
Figure E-1. Simulation Credit Table Total Time Requirement Training Credits Allowed For: ATD Part 141 FTD Part 141 FFS Part 141 35 hours Private Pilot 15% (5.25) 20% (7.0) 20% (7.0) 35 hours Instrument Rating 40% (14.0) 40% (14.0) 50% (17.5) 70 hours Combined Private/Instrument 25% (17.5) 25% (17.5) 35% (24.5) 120 hours Commercial Pilot 20% (24.0) 20% (24.0) 30% (36.0) 25 hours Flight Instructor 5% (1.25) 5% (1.25) 10% (2.5) 15 hours Instrument Flight Instructor 5% (.75) 5% (.75) 10% (1.5) F igure E-2. Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Simulation Credit Table Credits Allowed For: ATD Part 141 FTD Part 141 FFS Part 141 ATP Training 25% (6.25) 25% (6.25) 50% (12.5) N ote: Concerning the 50 hours of flight time required in the class of airplane for the rating sought: a maximum of 25 hours of training in an FFS representing the class of airplane for the rating sought may be credited toward the ATP flight time requirement if the training was accomplished as part of an FAA-approved training course per 14 CFR parts 121, 135, 141, or 142.
Exception: Up to 7.5 hours in an advanced aviation training device (AATD) is allowed for Private Pilot Rotorcraft Helicopter. The FAA letter of authorization (LOA) for helicopter AATD approvals references § 61.4(c) for this allowance.
This facilitates training credit for both part 61 and 141 Private Pilot Rotorcraft Helicopter experience requirements.
E.2 For those pilot schools utilizing basic aviation training devices (BATD), those trainers can only be used for Private Pilot and Instrument Rating training. Additionally, only 25 percent of the training time requirements for the instrument rating can be accomplished in a BATD.
Appendix E E-2 E.3 FFSs and FTDs must be qualified via a Statement of Qualification (SOQ) by the National Simulator Program (AFS-205), and ATDs must be approved via an LOA by the General Aviation and Commercial Division (AFS-800). It is then up to the principal operations inspector (POI) to approve the use of these training devices, within the guidelines established in the SOQ or LOA, in the appropriate section or lessons of the FAA-approved syllabus and Training Course Outline (TCO). There are no restrictions on the amount of training accomplished and logged in these training devices. However, the regulatory limits on maximum credit allowed for the minimum pilot experience requirements remain. For example, a private pilot training course can reflect 20 hours of training in an ATD, but the course would still need to reflect at least 29.75 hours of training in an aircraft.
Advisory Circular Feedback Form If you find an error in this AC, have recommendations for improving it, or have suggestions for new items/subjects to be added, you may let us know by contacting the General Aviation and Commercial Division (AFS-800) at 9-AFS-800-Correspondence@faa.gov or the Flight Standards Directives Management Officer at 9-AWA-AFS-140-Directives@faa.gov.
Subject: AC 141-1B, Part 141 Pilot Schools, Application, Certification, and Compliance Date: _____________________ Please check all appropriate line items:
An error (procedural or typographical) has been noted in paragraph ____________ on page _______.
Recommend paragraph _____________ on page __________ be changed as follows:
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ In a future change to this AC, please cover the following subject:
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______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ Other comments:
______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ I would like to discuss the above. Please contact me.
Submitted by: Date: ______________________