Appendix 4 Area of Study Subject Description Teaching Level
j. Fire protection systems An AMTS may teach this subject in the general curriculum to reduce teaching these subjects twice. This may only be accomplished by a school teaching a combined A&P curriculum.
A school teaching airframe or powerplant separately may not follow this approach.
54. Inspect, check, and service smoke and carbon monoxide detection systems......................................................................... (1)
55. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair aircraft fire detection and extinguishing systems. .......................................... (3)
k. Airframe inspection
56. Perform a capstone airframe inspection module. This module should include research into regulations, maintenance manuals, and other relevant documentation encountered during a normal airframe inspection. The module could use the general inspection principles established in AC 43-204, Visual Inspection for Aircraft, and other relevant documents. ... (2) or (3) Page 9
Appendix 4 Area of Study Subject Description Teaching Level Powerplant Curriculum Subjects I. Powerplant Theory and Maintenance
a.
Reciprocating engines
1. Inspect and repair a radial engine. An AMTS may include a discussion of basic principles only.............................................. (1)
2. Overhaul reciprocating engine. Schools may elect to limit the teaching of this subject by having students observe and participate in the overhaul of a reciprocating engine. An AMTS could instruct students in basic principles of engine design and maintenance. ............................................................. (2)
3. Inspect, check, service, and repair reciprocating engines and engine installations...................................................................... (3)
4. Install, troubleshoot, and remove reciprocating engines. An AMTS could focus instruction on normal inservice maintenance such as magneto timing and exchanging cylinders. ..................................................................................... (3)
b. Turbine engines Curriculum should focus on modular engines, breakdowns, disassembly, reassembly, and understanding of basic principles.
5. Overhaul turbine engine. ............................................................. (2)
6. Inspect, check, service, and repair turbine engines and turbine engine installations. Curriculum should focus on common inservice maintenance issues, such as hot-section service and repair........................................................................................... (3)
7. Install, troubleshoot, and remove turbine engines....................... (3)
c. Engine inspection This element may be combined into the capstone inspection module.
8. Perform powerplant conformity and airworthiness inspections.. (3) II. Powerplant Systems and Components
a. Engine instrument systems An AMTS may combine portions of this subject with basic electricity elements in the general curriculum or aircraft instrument systems in the airframe curriculum.
9. Troubleshoot, service, and repair electrical and mechanical fluid rate-of-flow indicating systems. ......................................... (2)
10. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair electrical and mechanical engine temperature, pressure, and r.p.m. indicating systems. ....................................................................................... (3) Page 10
Appendix 4 Area of Study Subject Description Teaching Level
b. Engine fire protection systems An AMTS may consider teaching this subject in the general curriculum to avoid teaching the subjects twice. This may only be accomplished by a school teaching a combined A&P curriculum. A school teaching only airframe or powerplant may not follow this approach.
11. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fire detection and extinguishing systems. .......................................... (3)
c. Engine electrical systems An AMTS may combine portions of this material with airframe or general electrical systems.
12. Repair engine electrical system components............................... (2)
13. Install, check, and service engine electrical wiring, controls, switches, indicators, and protective devices................................ (3)
d. Lubrication systems
14. Identify and select lubricants....................................................... (2)
15. Repair engine lubrication system components............................ (2)
16. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine lubrication systems...................................................................... (3)
e. Ignition and starting systems
17. Overhaul magneto and ignition harness. The primary focus of this teaching element may be on basic principles. ...................... (2)
18. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine ignition systems and components........................ (2)
19.a. Inspect, service, troubleshoot, and repair turbine engine electrical starting systems. ....................................................... (3)
19.b. Inspect, service, and troubleshoot turbine engine pneumatic starting systems........................................................................ (1)
f. Fuel metering systems
20. Troubleshoot and adjust turbine engine fuel metering systems and electronic engine fuel controls.............................................. (1)
21. Overhaul carburetor. The AMTS may focus on basic principles found in ordinary float-type carburetors, not pressure diaphragm carburetors. .............................................................. (2)
22. Repair engine fuel metering system components........................ (2)
23. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair reciprocating and turbine engine fuel metering systems. .................................. (3) Page 11
Appendix 4 Area of Study Subject Description Teaching Level
g. Engine fuel systems An AMTS may combine portions of these subjects with the airframe curriculum.
24. Repair engine fuel system components....................................... (2)
25. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair engine fuel systems. ....................................................................................... (3)
h. Induction and engine airflow systems
26. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine ice and rain control systems..................................................................... (2)
27. Inspect, check, service, troubleshoot, and repair heat exchangers, superchargers, and turbine engine airflow and temperature control systems........................................................ (1)
28. Inspect, check, service, and repair carburetor air intake and induction manifolds..................................................................... (3)
i. Engine cooling systems
29. Repair engine cooling system components. ................................ (2)
30. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine cooling systems. .......................................................................... (3)
j. Engine exhaust and reverser systems
31. Repair engine exhaust system components................................. (2)
32.a. Inspect, check, troubleshoot, service, and repair engine exhaust systems........................................................................ (3)
32.b. Troubleshoot and repair engine thrust reverser systems and related components. ................................................................. (1)
k. Propellers
33. Inspect, check, service, and repair propeller synchronizing and ice control systems. ..................................................................... (1)
34. Identify and select propeller lubricants. ...................................... (2)
35. Balance propellers. ...................................................................... (1)
36. Repair propeller control system components. ............................. (2)
37. Inspect, check, service, and repair fixed-pitch, constant-speed, and feathering propellers, and propeller governing systems....... (3)
38. Install, troubleshoot, and remove propellers. .............................. (3)
39. Repair aluminum alloy propeller blades. .................................... (3) Page 12
Appendix 4 Area of Study Subject Description Teaching Level
l. Unducted fans An AMTS can discuss basic principles briefly by lecture.
40. Inspect and troubleshoot unducted fan systems and components.................................................................................. (1)
m. Auxiliary power units
41. Inspect, check, service, and troubleshoot turbine-driven auxiliary power units................................................................... (1)
n. Powerplant inspection
42. Perform a capstone powerplant inspection module. This module may include research into regulations, maintenance manuals, and other relevant documentation encountered during a normal powerplant inspection. The module may also include evaluation of powerplant performance in a test cell. ..... (2) or (3)
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Appendix 5 APPENDIX 5. ADDITIONAL COURSE MATERIAL RECOMMENDATIONS The introduction of new aerospace technologies and maintenance requirements have imparted the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of AMTSs. A number of AMTSs have developed course materials to instruct students in emerging disciplines. Although the current regulations do not require it, a significant number of AMTSs are establishing these courses to satisfy industry demands. Following are some examples of courses offered in emerging areas:
1. Composite Material Repair. A composite repair course can be as simple as teaching fiberglass repair using prepackaged student instruction kits available from various sources, or as complex as a full-scale repair facility. Full-scale composite repair facilities teach and repair many types of composite materials, such as fiberglass, Kevlar, boron, and carbon materials.
Instructional aids and shop equipment can include clean rooms, downdraft worktables, positively vented rooms, composite autoclaves, refrigerated material storage, and various aircraft composite structures for instruction. Some AMTSs offering composite repair courses combine a nondestructive inspection course along with the basic course.
2. Nondestructive Inspection. A nondestructive inspection course that teaches beyond the requirements of part 147 (for example, magnetic particle) generally includes training in radiography (x-ray), ultrasound, eddy current inspection, and borescope techniques. Information on and equipment for nondestructive inspection course development are widely available from commercial sources.
3. Solid-State Electronics/Avionics/Built-In Test Equipment. Many AMTSs currently offer extended training or stand-alone course work leading to an electronics subspecialty in addition to an FAA A&P mechanic certificate. Although the FAA does not grant certification in the subspecialties, many potential aviation employers are requiring AMTs to have this enhanced training. These courses may be incorporated into existing required AMTS courses, such as basic electricity and basic physics. Course material, curriculums, and laboratory and shop equipment are readily available from commercial sources.
4. Principles of Troubleshooting. Broad-based principles of troubleshooting are well known and may be available commercially or developed by the school. An AMTS should focus on logical approaches to solving common aircraft problems. An AMTS may also include hands-on workshops using simulated aircraft system malfunctions.
5. Human Factors. Human factors principles should be incorporated throughout an AMTS’s curriculum. Many training programs are available commercially. The FAA also maintains a list of human factors reference materials at http://www.faa.gov/avr/afs/.
Page 1 (and 2)
Appendix 6 APPENDIX 6. SAMPLE CURRICULUM OUTLINES Chapter 2 states that curriculum development may evolve from several developmental stages.
An example of working through a curriculum is found in samples 1, 2, and 3. The first stage in curriculum development is the evaluation of performance goals and prominent issues that the applicant should grasp. The Allen Study is one example that demonstrates how these issues could be developed. Sample 1 is an excerpt from the Allen Study.
SAMPLE 1, Stage 1, The Allen Study
THE NATIONAL STUDY OF THE AVIATION MECHANICS OCCUPATION Part 147 appendix B, Subject F, Ground Operation and Servicing Item 21. Identify and Select Fuels.
Identify Aircraft Fuels Student Performance Goal Given: Aircraft operator’s manual, a list of colors and octane rating ranges, and a fuel system of an airplane.
Performance: The student will obtain fuel samples from the fuel system of an airplane and verify that the fuel at least equals the minimum required octane rating. The student will associate each color with the correct octane range, describe how volatility is related to vapor lock, and discuss the advantages and limitations of kerosene as a turbine fuel.
Standard: Matching of color to octane rating will be 100 percent correct.
KEY POINT FEEDBACK Significance of octane/performance number in identification of fuel.
What is iso-octane?
What is normal heptane?
How do these produce the octane number?
Why are performance numbers used when a fuel exceeds 100 octane rating?
What is the significance of the second number in fuel rating that is, 100/130?
What happens if the octane rating is
a. Too low?
b. Too high?
Which is more critical?
How is the minimum octane rating of fuel for each engine installation determined?
Color identifying octane performance number.
What colors are used in identification of fuels?
Do they adversely affect combustion?
How do colors aid in detecting leaks?
Appendix 6 The Allen Study makes general recommendations as to the hours of instruction, the teaching level, and the performance standards required of the student, but each AMTS must assign these values according to its own requirements and, in the case of teaching levels, the requirements of 14 CFR.
SAMPLE 2, Stage 2, Continuing Curriculum Development The following sample shows an example of the second stage in developing a curriculum. It addresses the same subject area as stage 1 but it also defines the amount of instruction time, the specific 14 CFR section addressed, the teaching level, and the performance standard the student is expected to achieve. However, testing and grading criteria are not yet developed.
DEPLANE AMTS Part 147, appendix B, Subject F, Ground Operation and Servicing Unit Title: Identify And Select Fuels. Subject Item 21.
Teaching Level: 2 Classroom teaching time 2.5 hours Laboratory or shop time 2.5 hours Instructional time 5 hours Identify Aircraft Fuels Given: Aircraft operator’s manual, a list of colors and octane rating ranges, and fuel samples or illustrations.
Student Performance: The student will obtain fuel samples and/or aircraft specifications. The student will associate each color with the correct octane range according to aircraft specifications, describe how volatility is related to vapor lock, and discuss how octane ratings affect engine performance.
Standard: Matching of color to octane rating will be 100 percent correct.
Appendix 6 SAMPLE 3, Stage 3, Complete Curriculum Element The following sample on the subject of aircraft cleaning and corrosion control contains all the elements required to teach, test, and conform to the rule. It is not intended to be an expansive text. It is a short outline of elements expected in the final curriculum product. Sample 3(A) describes the typical contents of a single subject element, and samples 3(B) through 3(E) provide information on practical projects, tests, and grading criteria.
DEPLANE AMTS Part 147 Appendix B, Subject G Subject: Cleaning and Corrosion Control Item 23. Perform Aircraft Cleaning and Corrosion Control Classroom time 3 hours Laboratory or shop time 2 hours Total time 5 hours (Sample 3(A)) Curriculum Subject Guide (Sample 3(B)) Practical Project Guide (Sample 3(C)) Theory Test (Sample 3(D)) Practical Test (Sample 3(E)) Practical Project Grading Criteria Page 3
Appendix 6 SAMPLE 3(A), Curriculum Subject Guide In a typical curriculum, the elements included in this subject guide may be separated or combined in many different ways. The following teaching items should be present in some form in an FAA-approved AMTS curriculum.
(1) Introduction and subject element objectives (purpose).
(2) Instructors’ guide (teaching outline).
(3) Technical information and equipment — references (manuals, tools, materials).
(4) Workbooks or other guidance for classroom, laboratory, and shop (procedures).
Sample 3(B), Practical Project Guide, demonstrates how teaching items 1 through 4 may be incorporated into practical project requirements.
NOTE: These teaching items may appear in any format, explicit or nonexplicit, and should be present in all subject elements, both theory and practical projects. For example, the instructors’ guide/teaching outline may be combined with procedures. In some cases, certain items’ outlines may be combined with procedures.
Many other concepts also are in common usage.