7-7
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME
REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS
FOR TEST PILOTS,
FAA TEST PILOTS, OR ASIs*
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR INSTRUCTOR PILOTS* Solo Flight Time or Flight Time Performing the Duties of PIC 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited toward the flight time requirement under § 61.129(e)(2), on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5)) that includes:
A test pilot, an FAA test pilot, or an ASI may complete 10 hours of solo flight time under an endorsement from an instructor pilot or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a powered-lift with either a test pilot or an instructor pilot on board.
Refer to § 194.217(b)(3).
The alternate provision for test pilots, FAA test pilots, or ASIs also applies to instructor pilots.
Refer to § 194.219(b)(3).
(1) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 NM total distance with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 NM from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 NM.
A test pilot, an FAA test pilot, or an ASI may complete two cross-country flights with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure.
The second cross-country flight must include landings at different points than the first cross-country flight.
Refer to § 194.233(b).
An instructor pilot may complete the same alternate cross-country flights as a test pilot, an FAA test pilot, or an ASI.
Refer to § 194.233(b).
(2) 5 hours in night visual flight rules (VFR) conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.
No alternative. No alternative.
7.2 Alternate Provisions for Initial Cadre of Instructors.
7.2.1 F acilitation of Training . Once the manufacturer has completed type certification of their powered-lift, SFAR 120 facilitates manufacturers providing training for an initial cadre of instructors employed at specific certificate holders (CH). The manufacturer’s training curriculum will cover all the required areas of operation for certification, and the manufacturer’s instructor pilots may deliver this training. This approach of facilitating the
7-8 use of instructor pilots at the manufacturer to deliver initial certification training to the first powered-lift applicants enables those most familiar with the aircraft (i.e., the manufacturers) to provide safe and effective training and provides the manufacturer the means to ensure that there are a sufficient number of qualified pilots to operate their aircraft and train other pilots to operate their aircraft.
7.2.2 Authorization. In accordance with § 194.221(a), the initial cadre instructor applicant must be authorized by the Administrator to serve as an initial check pilot, a chief instructor, an assistant chief instructor, or a Training Center Evaluator (TCE) for the purpose of initiating training in a powered-lift under an approved training program under 14 CFR part 135, 141, or 142, as appropriate. The CH should submit a request to the responsible Flight Standards office. Upon authorization, these applicants will receive a temporary LOA from the Administrator to receive this training. As set forth by § 194.221 and subsequently explained in the paragraphs below, the applicant must satisfactorily complete the training curriculum, and the training must be provided by the manufacturer in a type-certificated powered-lift with a pilot who serves as an instructor pilot for that manufacturer.
7.2.2.1 Ini tial Experience for Initial Cadre Instructors. Section 194.221 sets forth the alternate experience requirements for the initial cadre of instructors. These specific alternate requirements are:
• PIC flight time,
• Training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) in a powered-lift at the manufacturer, and
• Solo flight time or flight time performing the duties of PIC.
7.2.2.2 PIC Flight Time. Section 194.221(c) authorizes an initial cadre instructor applicant who is not rated in the powered-lift to log up to 25 hours of the required 35 hours of PIC flight time in a powered-lift for flights conducted in accordance with a manufacturer’s training curriculum if the applicant is:
• The sole manipulator of the controls,
• Manipulating the controls of the powered-lift with an instructor pilot on board, and
• Performing the duties of PIC.
Note: The last 10 hours of the required 35 hours must be either solo or performing the duties of PIC with an authorized instructor or instructor pilot on board.
7-9
7.2.2.3 Training on the Areas of Operation Listed in § 61.127(b)(5) in a Powered-Lift at the Manufacturer.
7.2.2.3.1 Section 194.221(b)(1) authorizes an initial cadre instructor applicant to receive training from an instructor pilot (rather than an authorized instructor) in a type-certificated powered-lift at a manufacturer in accordance with the manufacturer’s training curriculum, if the curriculum includes 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5).
7.2.2.3.2 Section 194.221(b)(2) permits an initial cadre instructor applicant to receive 3 hours of flight training in the type-certificated powered-lift in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test, if it is received from an instructor pilot employed by the manufacturer.
7.2.2.3.3 Pursuant to § 194.221(b)(4), an initial cadre instructor applicant who does not meet the cross-country aeronautical experience requirements specified in § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) will still be considered eligible for a Commercial Pilot Certificate if they complete the cross-country requirements listed in § 194.233(a). These requirements are detailed in Chapter 3.
7.2.2.3.4 The initial cadre instructor applicant must obtain a logbook or training record endorsement, as specified in § 194.213, from the instructor pilot certifying that the person completed the cross-country flight.
7.2.2.4 Solo Flight Time or Flight Time Performing the Duties of PIC.
7.2.2.4.1 Each initial cadre instructor applicant must meet the requirements of § 61.129.
These requirements include completing 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift. Because solo flight time is not possible in a powered-lift that requires two pilots, § 194.221(b)(3) established an alternative requirement.
Specifically, an applicant in the initial cadre group may log at least 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift under an endorsement from an instructor pilot or by performing the duties of the PIC with an instructor pilot on board.
7.2.2.4.2 If an initial cadre instructor applicant does not have the cross-country aeronautical experience specified in § 61.129(e)(4)(i), the applicant may be considered eligible for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with powered-lift category rating if the applicant has logged at least two cross-country flights with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure.
Section 194.233(b) details that the second cross-country flight, besides the original point of departure, must be performed to different points than the first cross-country flight.
7.2.2.4.3 To demonstrate compliance with the alternate requirements provided by part 194, the initial cadre instructor applicant must log this cross-country experience in their logbook as they would for any other certificate.
7-10
7.2.2.4.4 Once the initial cadre instructor applicant completes the manufacturer’s training curriculum, they will receive a logbook or training record endorsement from the instructor pilot certifying that they satisfactorily completed the training in accordance with § 194.221(b)(1)(ii).
7-11 Table 7-2. Alternate Provisions for a Commercial Pilot Certificate With a Powered-Lift Category Rating: Initial Cadre of Check Pilots, Chief Instructors, Assistant Chief Instructors, and Training Center Evaluators (Initial Cadre Instructors)
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
INITIAL CADRE OF CHECK PILOTS,
CHIEF INSTRUCTORS,
ASSISTANT CHIEF INSTRUCTORS, AND TCEs* (initial cadre instructors, herein referred to as applicants) *To use the alternate provisions below, the flights must be conducted by an instructor pilot in a type-certificated powered-lift at the manufacturer, and the applicant must be authorized by the Administrator to serve as an initial check pilot, a chief instructor, an assistant chief instructor, or a TCE for the purpose of initiating training in a powered-lift under an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142, as appropriate. Refer to § 194.221(a).
Powered Aircraft Time 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in a powered-lift.
No alternative.
PIC Flight Time 100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least:
(1) 50 hours in a powered-lift, and
(2) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 must be in a powered-lift.
100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least:
(1) 35 hours in a powered-lift, 15 of which may be in a Level C or higher FFS, and
(2) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 must be in a powered-lift.
An applicant who is not rated in the powered-lift may log up to 25 hours of PIC flight time in a powered-lift for flights that are conducted in accordance with a manufacturer’s training curriculum if the applicant is:
(1) The sole manipulator of the controls,
(2) Manipulating the controls of the powered-lift with an instructor pilot on board, and
(3) Performing the duties of PIC.
Refer to §§ 194.216 and 194.221(c).
7-12
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
INITIAL CADRE OF CHECK PILOTS,
CHIEF INSTRUCTORS,
ASSISTANT CHIEF INSTRUCTORS, AND TCEs* (initial cadre instructors, herein referred to as applicants) Training on the Areas of Operation Listed in § 61.127(b)(5) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) that includes at least:
An applicant may receive this training from an instructor pilot (rather than an authorized instructor) if:
(1) Training is conducted in accordance with the manufacturer’s training curriculum, and
(2) The applicant receives an endorsement from an instructor pilot certifying satisfactory completion of the curriculum.
Refer to § 194.221(b)(1).
(1) 10 hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device, including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. 5 hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a powered-lift.
An applicant may receive this instrument training from an instructor pilot in a type-certificated powered-lift in accordance with the manufacturer’s training curriculum.
Refer to § 194.221(b)(1).
(2) The following cross-country flights:
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure; and
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure.
An applicant may complete the following cross-country flights:
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure;
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure; and
7-13
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
INITIAL CADRE OF CHECK PILOTS,
CHIEF INSTRUCTORS,
ASSISTANT CHIEF INSTRUCTORS, AND TCEs* (initial cadre instructors, herein referred to as applicants)
• An additional cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure. The additional cross-country flight must include landings at different points than the first two cross-country flights.
Refer to § 194.233(a).
(3) 3 hours in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.
An applicant may accomplish the practical test preparation from an instructor pilot (rather than an authorized instructor).
Refer to § 194.221(b)(2).
Solo Flight Time or Flight Time Performing the Duties of PIC 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited toward the flight time requirement under § 61.129(e)(2), on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5)) that includes:
An applicant may complete 10 hours of solo flight time under an endorsement from an instructor pilot or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a powered-lift with an instructor pilot on board (rather than an authorized instructor).
Refer to § 194.221(b)(3).
(1) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 NM total distance with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 NM from the original departure point. However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 NM.
An applicant may complete two cross-country flights with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure. The second cross-country flight must include landings at different points than the first cross-country flight.
Refer to § 194.233(b).
7-14
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
INITIAL CADRE OF CHECK PILOTS,
CHIEF INSTRUCTORS,
ASSISTANT CHIEF INSTRUCTORS, AND TCEs* (initial cadre instructors, herein referred to as applicants)
(2) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.
No alternative.
7.3 Alternate Provisions for Pilots Trained in an Approved Training Program at the CH. Newly certificated initial cadre flight instructors for an operator, a pilot school, or a training center (i.e., part 135 check pilots, part 141 chief instructors or assistant chief instructors, or part 142 TCEs who have been trained and certified at the manufacturer) will be proficient in the training curriculum under their respective part because of their involvement in developing the proposed training program. This involvement will enable them to be in the best position to provide training to pilots enrolled in their respective CH’s training program under part 135, 141, or 142. The initial cadre of flight instructors will become fully qualified to serve in their designated function and receive a permanent LOA from the Administrator to subsequently conduct the training. Because these pilots will now be authorized instructors (i.e., meet the requirements for instructors under their respective part), the pilots who will receive training under an approved training program do not require the same breadth of relief that instructor pilots, test pilots, and the initial cadre instructors need. Rather, the only relief necessary for pilots enrolled in an approved training program is that of logging, flight simulation training device (FSTD) credit, and the cross-country relief in § 194.233 extended to all applicants, which would require the trainer to hold a flight instructor certificate. See Chapter 11, Part 91K Requirements to Serve as a Powered-Lift Pilot in a Fractional Ownership Program, and Chapter 12, Requirements to Serve as a Powered-Lift Pilot Under Part 135, for additional information.
7.3.1 PIC Flight Time.
7.3.1.1 Section 194.223(c) authorizes an applicant who is not rated in the powered-lift to log up to 25 hours of the required 35 hours of PIC flight time in a powered-lift for flights that are conducted in accordance with an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142 if the applicant is:
• The sole manipulator of the controls,
• Manipulating the controls of the powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board, and
• Performing the duties of PIC.
7-15 Note: The last 10 hours of the required 35 hours must be either solo or performing the duties of PIC with an authorized instructor or instructor pilot on board.
7.3.1.2 Section 194.216 allows an applicant to credit up to 15 hours of flight time obtained in a Level C or higher FFS toward the requirement to obtain 35 hours of PIC flight time in a powered-lift if:
• The FFS represents the powered-lift category, and
• The applicant was performing the duties of PIC.
7.3.2 T raining on the Areas of Operation Listed in § 61.127(b)(5) in a Powered- Lift.
Applicants who do not meet the cross-country aeronautical experience requirements specified in § 61.129(e)(3)(ii) and (iii) may be considered eligible for a Commercial Pilot Certificate if they complete the cross-country requirements as specified in § 194.233(a).
These requirements are detailed in Chapter 3.
7.3.3 Solo Flight Time or Flight Time Performing the Duties of PIC. If an applicant does not have the cross-country aeronautical experience specified in § 61.129(e)(4)(i), the applicant may be considered eligible for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with powered-lift category rating if the applicant has logged at least two cross-country flights with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure. Section 194.233(b) details that the second cross-country flight, besides the original point of departure, must be performed to different points than the first cross-country flight.
7-16 Table 7-3. Alternate Provisions for a Commercial Pilot Certificate With a Powered-Lift Category Rating: Persons Receiving Training Under a Part 135, 141, or 142 Approved Training Program
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
PERSONS RECEIVING TRAINING UNDER A PART 135, 141, OR 142 APPROVED TRAINING PROGRAM* (herein referred to as applicants) *To use the alternate provisions below, the applicant must receive training at an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142 for the purpose of obtaining a powered-lift category rating.
Powered Aircraft Time 100 hours in powered aircraft, of which 50 hours must be in a powered-lift.
No alternative.
PIC Flight Time 100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least:
(1) 50 hours in a powered-lift, and
(2) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 must be in a powered-lift.
100 hours of PIC flight time, which includes at least:
(1) 35 hours in a powered-lift, 15 of which may be in a Level C or higher FFS, and
(2) 50 hours in cross-country flight of which 10 must be in a powered-lift.
An applicant who is not rated in the powered-lift may log up to 25 hours of PIC flight time in a powered-lift for flights that are conducted in accordance with an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142 if the applicant is:
(1) The sole manipulator of the controls,
(2) Manipulating the controls of the powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board, and
(3) Performing the duties of PIC.
Refer to §§ 194.216 and 194.223(c).
7-17
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
PERSONS RECEIVING TRAINING UNDER A PART 135, 141, OR 142 APPROVED TRAINING PROGRAM* (herein referred to as applicants) Training on the Areas of Operation Listed in § 61.127(b)(5) 20 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) that includes at least:
No alternative.
(1) 10 hours of instrument training using a view-limiting device, including attitude instrument flying, partial panel skills, recovery from unusual flight attitudes, and intercepting and tracking navigational systems. 5 hours of the 10 hours required on instrument training must be in a powered-lift.
No alternative.
(2) The following cross-country flights:
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure; and
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 100 NM from the original point of departure.
An applicant may complete the following cross-country flights:
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in daytime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure;
• One 2-hour cross-country flight in a powered-lift in nighttime conditions that consists of a total straight-line distance of more than 50 NM from the original point of departure; and
• An additional cross-country flight with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure. The additional cross-country flight must include landings at different points than the first two cross-country flights.
Refer to § 194.233(a).
(3) 3 hours in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the test.
No alternative.
7-18
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.129(e))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
PERSONS RECEIVING TRAINING UNDER A PART 135, 141, OR 142 APPROVED TRAINING PROGRAM* (herein referred to as applicants) Solo Flight Time or Flight Time Performing the Duties of PIC 10 hours of solo flight time in a powered-lift or 10 hours of flight time performing the duties of PIC in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor on board (either of which may be credited toward the flight time requirement under § 61.129(e)(2), on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5)) that includes:
No alternative.
(1) One cross-country flight of not less than 300 NM total distance with landings at a minimum of three points, one of which is a straight-line distance of at least 250 NM from the original departure point.
However, if this requirement is being met in Hawaii, the longest segment need only have a straight-line distance of at least 150 NM.
An applicant may complete two cross-country flights with landings at a minimum of three points, with one segment consisting of a straight-line distance of at least 50 NM from the original point of departure. The second cross-country flight must include landings at different points than the first cross-country flight.
Refer to § 194.233(b).
(2) 5 hours in night VFR conditions with 10 takeoffs and 10 landings (with each landing involving a flight in the traffic pattern) at an airport with an operating control tower.
No alternative.