8-11 Table 8-3. Alternate Provisions for an Instrument-Powered-Lift Rating: Persons Receiving Training Under a Part 135, 141, or 142 Approved Training Program
CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.65(f))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
PERSONS RECEIVING TRAINING UNDER A PART 135, 141, OR 142 APPROVED TRAINING PROGRAM* (herein referred to as applicants) *To use the alternate provisions below, the applicant must receive training at an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142 for the purpose of obtaining a powered-lift category rating.
Cross-Country Time as PIC 50 hours of cross-country time as PIC, of which 10 hours must have been in a powered-lift.
An applicant may credit up to 4 hours obtained in a Level C or higher FFS toward the requirement to obtain 10 hours of cross-country time as PIC in a powered-lift if:
(1) The FFS represents the powered-lift category,
(2) The applicant was performing the duties of PIC,
(3) The flight simulates a cross-country flight and includes the performance of instrument procedures under simulated instrument conditions, and
(4) The flights are conducted in accordance with an approved training program under part 135, 141, or 142.
Refer to § 194.231(c).
Instrument Time on the Areas of Operation Listed in § 61.65(c) 40 hours of actual or simulated instrument time in the areas of operation listed in § 61.65(c), of which 15 hours must have been received from an authorized instructor who holds an instrument-powered-lift rating, and the instrument time includes:
No alternative.
(1) 3 hours of instrument flight training from an authorized instructor in a powered-lift that is appropriate to the instrument-powered-lift rating within 2 calendar months before the date of the practical test.
No alternative.
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CURRENT
FLIGHT TIME REQUIREMENTS (§ 61.65(f))
ALTERNATE PROVISIONS FOR
PERSONS RECEIVING TRAINING UNDER A PART 135, 141, OR 142 APPROVED TRAINING PROGRAM* (herein referred to as applicants)
(2) Instrument flight training on cross-country flight procedures, including one cross-country flight in a powered-lift with an authorized instructor that is performed under IFR, when a flight plan has been filed with an ATC facility, that involves:
• A flight of 250 NM along airways or by directed routing from an ATC facility;
• An instrument approach at each airport;
and
• Three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.
Instead of completing one cross-country flight of 250 NM, an applicant may complete two cross-country flights, each of which must involve a flight of 100 NM along airways or by directed routing from an ATC facility.
Refer to §§ 194.231(b) and 194.235(a).
9-1 CHAPTER 9. ALTERNATE REQUIREMENTS FOR POWERED-LIFT WITHOUT
FULLY FUNCTIONING DUAL CONTROLS USED IN FLIGHT TRAINING
9.1 Alternate Requirements for Flight Training Using an Aircraft Without Fully Functioning Dual Controls.
9.1.1 A person may apply for a powered-lift category rating, an instrument-powered-lift rating, and a powered-lift type rating concurrently for a powered-lift with single controls and a single pilot station under an approved 14 CFR part 135, 141, or 142 training program by meeting the requirements listed in 14 CFR part 194, § 194.253(b) and part 194 appendix A.
9.1.2 Applicability of this provision applies to an approved part 135, 141, or 142 training program for a powered-lift aircraft originally type certificated or seeking type certification with one set of controls and a single pilot station.
9.2 Required Training. An applicant must complete training in the order presented below.
9.2.1 Ground Training.
9.2.1.1 An applicant must receive and log the required ground training set forth by 14 CFR part 61, §§ 61.63(b) and 61.65(b) prior to receiving any flight training.
9.2.1.2 Upon completion of the ground training, an applicant must successfully complete a written or oral check administered by the training provider.
9.2.2 Full Flight Simulator (FFS) Training. In lieu of flight training in an aircraft, section 4 of part 194 appendix A permits the flight training requirements referenced in §§ 194.217 through 194.235 (except for the alternate cross-country experience requirements listed in § 194.233), as well as any other applicable flight training requirements under parts 61 and 194 to be accomplished in an FFS.
9.2.2.1 A training program would have to be submitted by the operator and approved by the FAA and must incorporate all the flight training necessary for an eligible applicant to receive a powered-lift category rating, an instrument-powered-lift rating, and type ratings under parts 61 and 194. At a minimum, the training program must include at least 20 hours of flight training in an FFS for the commercial pilot powered-lift category rating and 15 hours of flight training in an FFS for the instrument-powered-lift rating.
9.2.2.2 Upon completion of the ground training requirements above, an applicant may complete all applicable flight training requirements prescribed in part 61 or the corresponding framework prescribed in §§ 194.217 through 194.235 (except for the alternate cross-country requirements outlined in § 194.233), as applicable, in a qualified Level C or higher FFS representative of the powered-lift type with single controls and a single pilot station.
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9.2.2.3 Upon completion of the simulator training, an applicant must satisfactorily accomplish a check in a qualified Level C or higher FFS in accordance with the approved training program.
9.2.2.3.1 This check initiates a 90-day window in which the applicant must complete a familiarity flight and demonstration flight outlined in the following paragraphs (e.g., if a check in the FFS was completed on January 2, 2024, the applicant must complete a familiarity flight and demonstration flight as outlined below before April 1, 2024).
9.2.3 Aircraft Familiarity Flight.
9.2.3.1 The purpose of this segment is to expose the applicant to the operation of the aircraft in actual flight in the National Airspace System (NAS) while the person administering the familiarity flight demonstrates the maneuvers and procedures necessary for the ratings sought.
9.2.3.2 Within 90 days upon the satisfactory completion of the check above, an applicant must observe an aircraft familiarity flight in the powered-lift with an authorized instructor.
9.2.3.3 The aircraft familiarity flight must be accomplished in the aircraft with an instructor piloting the aircraft and the applicant having an unobstructed visual sight of the controls, an unobstructed visual sight of the instrumentation, and the ability to engage in active communication with the instructor during the entire flight.
9.2.3.4 The person authorized to conduct the flight must demonstrate all of the maneuvers and procedures required for the issuance of a Commercial Pilot Certificate with a powered-lift category rating, for the issuance of an instrument-powered-lift rating, and for the issuance of a powered-lift type rating.
9.2.3.5 Upon successful completion of the familiarity flight, the authorized instructor may endorse the applicant to act as pilot in command (PIC) of the specific powered-lift for the sole purpose of accomplishing the required demonstration flight with an authorized instructor on board. This demonstration flight is described below.
9.2.3.5.1 The expiration date of the endorsement specified above must not be longer than 90 days from the date of the successful completion of the check in the FFS.
9.2.4 Demonstration Flight.
9.2.4.1 The purpose of a demonstration flight is to enable an authorized instructor to ascertain that an applicant possesses satisfactory proficiency in the operation of the aircraft to then act as PIC safely in solo flight.
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9.2.4.2 The demonstration flight requires the applicant to pilot the aircraft and demonstrate all the maneuvers and procedures required for the issuance of a Commercial Pilot Certificate with a powered-lift category rating, for the issuance of an instrument-powered-lift rating, and for the issuance of a powered-lift type rating while an authorized instructor observes the applicant.
9.2.4.3 The authorized instructor must have an unobstructed visual sight of the controls and instrumentation and maintain active communication with the applicant for the entire flight.
9.2.4.4 Upon successful completion of the demonstration flight and the applicant having demonstrated satisfactory proficiency in the aircraft, the check pilot, Training Center Evaluator (TCE), authorized instructor, instructor pilot, aviation safety inspector (ASI), or another person authorized by the FAA to administer this check may endorse the applicant to act as PIC of the specified powered-lift to conduct solo flight(s), subject to any conditions and limitations the instructor believes to be warranted.
9.2.4.4.1 The endorsement is valid for no more than 90 days from the date of successful completion of the demonstration flight.
9.2.5 Failure to Complete Demonstration Flight During Specified Endorsement Period. If an applicant does not successfully complete the demonstration flight within 90 days from the day of the FFS check, they may receive another endorsement if they complete the following requirements:
1. The applicant must return to the FFS and successfully complete a demonstration of proficiency, which must consist of the maneuvers listed in section 10 of part 194 appendix A, unless otherwise waived in accordance with § 194.207(c); and
2. The applicant must complete another aircraft demonstration flight in accordance with paragraph 9.2.4 above.
9.2.6 Solo Flights.
9.2.6.1 As a result of the applicant completing all of the required flight training in an FFS and not in the actual flight environment, the FAA increased the amount of solo flight time to 20 hours. This accounts for the amount of PIC flight time required by § 194.216(a). For example, the applicant will receive credit for 15 hours of FFS toward the PIC requirements outlined in § 194.216(a). The applicant would have 20 hours of PIC flight experience remaining. Because the remaining PIC experience will be gained as solo experience, the applicant will have met the required 35 hours of PIC flight experience listed in § 194.216(a).
9.2.6.2 An applicant has 90 days to complete the following solo flight training requirements:
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1. Ten hours of solo flight time in accordance with § 61.129(e)(4), or the applicant may utilize the corresponding alternate provision for the cross-country time as set forth in §§ 194.217 through 194.231, as applicable;
2. Ten hours of solo flight time that must include maneuvers and procedures required for the issuance of a Commercial Pilot Certificate with a powered-lift category rating, for the issuance of an instrument-powered-lift rating, and for the issuance of a powered-lift type rating; and
3. If the aircraft is unable to comply with the standard cross-country requirements in part 61, then the applicant must also comply with the alternate cross-country aeronautical experience requirements prescribed in § 194.233.
9.2.7 Lapse of Endorsement for Solo Flight.
9.2.7.1 If an applicant is unable to complete the solo requirements within the 90-day endorsement window, then the applicant will need to meet specific requirements to receive another 90-day endorsement. There are two avenues an applicant can take to receive another endorsement. Below are the options to receive another solo endorsement.
9.2.7.1.1 Re-endorsement within 90-day endorsement window. If the applicant identifies that they will not complete the requirements within the timeframe, they will be required to complete another abbreviated demonstration flight with an authorized instructor. The requirements for the demonstration flight are found in section 10 of part 194 appendix A. Once the applicant successfully completes the demonstration flight, they may receive another 90-day endorsement.
9.2.7.1.2 Re-endorsement outside of the 90-day endorsement window. If an applicant does not complete the solo requirements and the 90-day endorsement has lapsed, the applicant will need to demonstrate proficiency in an FFS, which will result in an applicant being endorsed to accomplish another demonstration flight. The applicant must complete the demonstration flight in the powered-lift, and upon successfully completing the demonstration flight, the applicant may receive another 90-day endorsement to complete the solo requirements.
9.3 Practical Test. Upon completion of the requirements listed above and meeting the applicable regulatory requirements of part 61 or 194, as applicable, the applicant may apply for a Commercial Pilot Certificate with a powered-lift category rating, an instrument-powered-lift rating, and a type rating in the specific powered-lift for which training under part 194 appendix A has occurred.
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9.3.1 Training Prerequisite. In accordance with § 61.129(e)(3)(iv), an applicant must complete 3 hours of training on the areas of operation listed in § 61.127(b)(5) or the corresponding section in part 194 in an FFS in preparation for the practical test within the preceding 2 calendar months from the month of the practical test. Section 7(a) of part 194 appendix A allows this requirement to be met using a Level C or higher FFS.
9.3.1.1 Part 194 allows for a person to complete the full training program in such a timeline that would allow the crediting of the FFS training in section 4 of part 194 appendix A to meet the requirements of § 61.129(e)(3)(iv) and section 7(a) of part 194 appendix A. In other words, if the training program is completed within the preceding 2 calendar months, the flight training conducted during that period would be counted for purposes of both the 20 hours of flight training and the 3 hours of practical test preparation. The applicant would perform a lookback as is normally accomplished when receiving other ratings today.
9.3.2 Practical Tests Conducted in an Aircraft. Section 61.45(e) permits the use of an aircraft with a single set of controls for a practical test if the following provisions are met.
9.3.2.1 The evaluator must agree to conduct the test in the aircraft, and they must be located in a position to observe the proficiency of the applicant. The examiner is responsible for ensuring the practical test is in compliance with § 61.43, by encompassing all required tasks and maneuvers listed in the applicable Airman Certification Standards (ACS).
9.3.2.2 Section 61.45(e)(2) does not allow for demonstration of instrument skills during a practical test with aircraft that have one set of flight controls. As a result, the instrument tasks are required to be completed in an FFS. If the practical test cannot be completed in its entirety in the aircraft, and some tasks are required to be accomplished in the FFS, then the satisfactory outcome of the practical test will result with the issuance of the Temporary Airman Certificate with the following limitations. The exception to this limitation is if the applicant meets the requirements of § 61.64(e).
9.3.2.2.1 The pilot will receive a limitation stating the certificate is subject to certain PIC limitations and will be restricted from the carriage of persons or property other than necessary for the conduct of the flight. Additionally, the carriage of property for compensation or hire is not permitted, but the carriage of property under 14 CFR part 91 would be permitted, such as company materials. The limitations may be removed when the pilot meets the requirements listed below in paragraph 9.4.
9.4 Supervised Operating Experience (SOE) for a Powered-Lift With Single Controls and a Single Pilot Station. If a pilot receives a limitation as indicated above, they must meet the requirements set forth in section 8 of part 194 appendix A to have the limitation(s) removed. The following describes the requirements to get the limitation(s) removed.
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9.4.1 Applicants Adding an Initial Powered-Lift Rating With Single Flight Controls and a Single Pilot Station. The applicant must perform 10 hours of flight time in an aircraft of category and type for which the limitation applies under the observation of a pilot who holds a category and type rating without limitations for the aircraft, maintaining full communication with the observing pilot.
9.4.1.1 The flight time must also include a cross-country flight in a powered-lift under instrument flight rules (IFR) on a flight plan filed with an air traffic control (ATC) facility that involves a flight of at least 100 nautical miles (NM) along airways or by directed routing from an ATC facility, an instrument approach at each airport, and three different kinds of approaches with the use of navigation systems.
9.4.1.2 Since there is only a single set of controls and a single pilot station, the applicant must accomplish the cross-country flight detailed in paragraph 9.4.1.1 without the use of a view-limiting device.
9.4.1.3 The applicant must log each flight and the observing pilot attest in writing to each flight.
9.4.1.4 The applicant must present evidence of the SOE to any examiner or Flight Standards office to have the limitation removed.
9.4.2 Applicants Who Already Hold Powered-Lift Ratings and Are Only Adding an Additional Powered-Lift Type Rating in a Powered-Lift With Single Flight Controls and a Single Pilot Station. Applicants must comply with § 194.255 for an applicant adding an additional powered-lift type rating. Despite the requirements of § 61.64(f), a person who holds a powered-lift category rating, an instrument-powered-lift rating, and a powered-lift type rating and seeks an additional type rating for a powered-lift with single flight controls and a single pilot station in accordance with §§ 61.63(d) and 61.64(a), and does not meet requirements of § 61.64(e), will receive a limitation on the certificate restricting the person operating the powered-lift type from carrying any person or property on the aircraft, other than necessary for the purpose of removing the limitation from their certificate listed in § 194.255(b). The applicant must complete the following requirements.
9.4.2.1 The applicant must perform 25 hours of flight time in the type of powered-lift for which the limitation applies under the observation of a fully rated pilot without limitations for the aircraft, maintaining full communication with the observing pilot.
9.4.2.1.1 The observing pilot must have an unobstructed visual sight of the controls and instrumentation.
9.4.2.2 The applicant must log each flight and the observing pilot attest in writing to each flight.
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9.4.2.3 The applicant must present evidence of the SOE to any examiner or Flight Standards office to have the limitation removed.
10-1 CHAPTER 10. MISCELLANEOUS QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
10.1 Requirements for Pilots Serving as Second in Command (SIC) in a Powered-Lift.
10.1.1 Application of 14 CFR Part 61, § 61.55 to Powered-Lift Pilots. Pilots seeking to serve as SIC of a powered-lift that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember or in operations requiring an SIC pilot flight crewmember must meet the SIC qualification requirements of § 61.55. According to § 61.55(a), an individual must hold a powered-lift category rating on their pilot certificate as well as an instrument-powered-lift rating if the flight will be conducted under instrument flight rules (IFR). These requirements ensure that the SIC has obtained a base level of experience in the powered-lift category and successfully passed a practical test to obtain the powered-lift rating. With exception to circumstances described in paragraph 10.1.2 below, this experience may be in a different type of powered-lift than the powered-lift for which SIC privileges are sought.
10.1.2 A irman Certification Standards (ACS ) Task Requirements for Powered-Lift Type Rated Pilots.
10.1.2.1 In accordance with 14 CFR part 194, § 194.209, in order for a pilot to act as SIC in a powered-lift, they must have completed all ACS tasks required for the practical test. There may be situations whereby a pilot obtains a powered-lift type rating but did not complete all the ACS tasks because the powered-lift was not capable of performing certain functions (as explained in Chapter 4, Alternate Requirements for Practical Tests and Training in a Powered-Lift). To ensure that the pilot is proficient in the maneuvers that the powered-lift is capable of, but that the pilot was not trained or tested on, the pilot must accomplish certain requirements to act as SIC in that aircraft that is capable of completing such tasks. Section 194.209 sets forth the requirements an individual must accomplish to serve as SIC in a powered-lift in this unique circumstance. Therefore, in order to operate as SIC in that aircraft, that person must first have completed the following:
1. Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor on the specific tasks that were waived on the person’s practical test; and
2. Received a logbook or training record endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying the person has satisfactorily demonstrated proficiency of those tasks. The authorized instructor should utilize the applicable ACS to determine whether a pilot has demonstrated proficiency of a task.
10.1.2.2 The training and endorsement are not required for those pilots who:
1. Satisfactorily complete a practical test in that aircraft, and that test includes each task required in § 61.43(a)(1) (i.e., the tasks specified in the areas of operation contained in FAA-S-ACS-17, Airline Transport Pilot
10-2 and Type Rating for Powered-Lift Category Airman Certification Standards); or
2. Receive ground and flight training and satisfactorily complete a competency check under 14 CFR part 91, § 91.1065 or part 135, § 135.293 in a powered-lift, provided the training program and check include each task that was previously waived in accordance with § 194.207(b).
10.2 Training in a Powered-Lift that Requires Two Pilot Flight Crewmembers. An applicant for a powered-lift rating may receive training under §§ 194.221, 194.223,
194.229, and 194.231, notwithstanding the SIC requirements of § 61.55, in a powered-lift that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember and may serve as SIC in a powered-lift that is type certificated for more than one required pilot flight crewmember without meeting the requirements of § 61.55(a)(1), (a)(2), and (b)(2).
10.3 Second in Command Professional Development Program (SIC PDP).
10.3.1 Overview—SIC PDP. In 83 FR 30282, Regulatory Relief: Aviation Training Devices;
Pilot Certification, Training, and Pilot Schools; and Other Provisions (published June 27, 2018), the FAA amended § 135.99 to allow a certificate holder (CH) to receive approval of an SIC PDP. An SIC PDP allows the CH’s pilots to log SIC time in part 91 or 135 operations conducted by a part 135 CH in an airplane or operation that does not otherwise require an SIC. As described in that final rule, a comprehensive SIC PDP provides opportunities for beneficial flight experience that may not otherwise exist.
Recognizing the benefits of that flight time, the FAA also amended §§ 61.159 and 61.161 to allow a pilot to credit SIC time logged under an SIC PDP toward certain flight time requirements for an Airline Transport Pilot (ATP) Certificate with an airplane category rating or rotorcraft category rating with helicopter class rating. For the same reasons, the FAA concludes a pilot should be able to credit SIC time logged under an SIC PDP toward an ATP Certificate with a powered-lift category rating in the same manner as currently allowed for an ATP Certificate with airplane category rating or rotorcraft category rating with helicopter class rating.
10.3.2 Credit For SIC PDP Flight Time—Amendment of § 61.163(c).
10.3.2.1 Section 61.163 allows SIC time logged under an SIC PDP to be counted toward the following:
• Section 61.163(a), total time as a pilot;
• Section 61.163(a)(1), cross-country flight time;
• Section 61.163(a)(2), night flight time; and
• Section 61.163(a)(4), instrument flight time, excluding the specific powered-lift flight time requirements.
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10.3.2.2 SIC time logged under an SIC PDP may not be used to meet the powered-lift PIC flight time requirements of § 61.163(a)(3).
10.3.3 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Limitations for SIC PDP Flight Time—Amendment of § 61.163(d) and (e). The FAA notes that, because ICAO standards do not recognize the crediting of flight time when a pilot is not required by the aircraft certification or the operation under which the flight is being conducted, in accordance with § 61.163(d), pilots who rely on flight time logged under an SIC PDP to meet the requirements for an ATP Certificate must have a limitation on their ATP Certificates indicating that they do not meet the pilot-in-command (PIC) aeronautical experience requirements of ICAO. This limitation may be removed in accordance with § 61.163(e) when the pilot presents satisfactory evidence that they have met the ICAO standards.
Section 61.163(d) and (e) set forth the requirement for the ICAO limitation and the requirements for removing the limitation.
10.4 Supervised Operating Experience (SOE) Requirements of § 61.64.
10.4.1 Airmen Qualification Requirements for Type Rating Practical Test in a Full Flight Simulator (FFS).
10.4.1.1 Section 61.64(e) states that if a powered-lift is not used during the practical test for a type rating in a powered-lift (except for preflight inspection), an applicant must accomplish the entire practical test in a Level C or higher FFS and have 500 hours of flight time in the type of powered-lift for which the rating is sought. If the applicant meets the aeronautical experience requirements set forth in § 61.64(e), as appropriate to the type rating sought, then the applicant receives a type rating without limitation. An applicant may obtain the 500 hours of flight time that is required by § 61.64(e) while serving as SIC, as specified in § 194.209.
10.4.1.2 If the applicant does not satisfy the aeronautical experience requirements, then the applicant receives a PIC limitation on their pilot certificate in accordance with § 61.64(f)(2). The PIC limitation restricts the pilot from serving as PIC in the type of aircraft for which they have been type rated. The PIC limitation may be removed from the pilot certificate when the applicant complies with the SOE requirements set forth in § 61.64(g). Specifically, the applicant must perform 25 hours of flight time in an aircraft of the category, class, and type for which the limitation applies under the direct observation of a qualified PIC who holds the appropriate ratings, without limitations, for the aircraft. The applicant must obtain this SOE while performing the duties of PIC. Once the applicant completes the flight time required by § 61.64(g), they should contact their Flight Standards District Office (FSDO) to have the limitation removed.
10.4.2 Newly Rated Powered-Lift Pilots Utilizing SOE. Before newly rated powered-lift pilots may perform SOE in a powered-lift, there first must be a cadre of qualified PICs to directly observe the flight time. Based on the experience test pilots gain in the specific type of powered-lift, they will initially be the only pilots with enough flight time to