Appendix D D-2 14 CFR § 25.1431 Electronic equipment.
14 CFR § 25.1541 Markings and Placards: General.
14 CFR § 25.1581 Airplane Flight Manual: General.
14 CFR § 25.1585 Operating procedures.
Note: References to 14 CFR part 25 are appropriate when installing TCAS II on transport category airplanes. When TCAS II is to be certified for non-transport category airplanes, use the equivalents to the above 14 CFR part 25 sections in other parts of the regulations.
2. FAA ACs. You will find a current list of advisory circulars on the FAA Internet website http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/.
AC 20-131A, Airworthiness Approval of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS II) and associated Mode S Transponders.
AC 20-115, Radio Technical Commission on Aeronautics (RTCA) Document DO-178B.
AC 25.1309-1 System Design and Analysis.
AC 25-11A, Electronic Flight Deck Displays.
AC 120-55B, Air Carrier Operational Approval and Use of TCAS II.
3. FAA Technical Standard Orders. You will find a current list of TSOs on the FAA Internet website Regulatory and Guidance Library at http://rgl.faa.gov. You will also find the TSO Index of Articles at the same site.
TSO-C112c, Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment.
TSO-C119c, Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Airborne Equipment, TCAS II.
4. Industry Publications. Order RTCA documents from RTCA, Inc., 1828 L Street N.W.
Suite 805, Washington D.C. 20036 or order online at www.rtca.org.
RTCA/DO-160F, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment, dated December 6, 2007.
RTCA/DO-178B, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certifications, dated December 1, 1992.
Appendix D D-3 RTCA/DO-181C (or later revision), Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment, dated June 12, 2001 .
RTCA/DO-185A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems II (TCAS II), dated December 16, 1997.
RTCA/DO-185B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems II (TCAS II), dated June 19, 2008.
RTCA/DO-300, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II) Hybrid Surveillance, dated December 13, 2006.
5. SAE International. Order SAE documents from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, telephone (724) 776-4970, fax (724) 776-0790. Also, order copies online at www.sae.org.
ARP 926B, Fault/Failure Analysis Procedure, dated June 11, 1997.
ARP 1834A, Fault/Failure Analysis for Digital Systems and Equipment, dated June 1, 1997.
ARP 4102/7, Electronic Displays, dated July 1, 1988.
ARP 4102/8, Flight Deck Head-Up Displays, dated November 1, 1998.
ARP 4754, Certification Considerations for Highly Integrated or Complex Aircraft Systems, dated November 1, 1996.
ARP 4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment, dated December 1, 1996.
6. AERONAUTICAL RADIO, INC. (ARINC). Publications are available from ARINC, 2551 Riva Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401; telephone 1-800-633-6882 or online at www.arinc.com.
ARINC 718, Mark 3 Air Traffic Control Transponder (ATCRBS/MODE S), dated December 1989.
ARINC 735, Mark 2 Traffic Alert And Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), dated January 2003.
Appendix D D-4
7. International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). Publications are available from ICAO, Attention: Customer Service unit, 999 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C5H7; telephone +1 514-954-8022, facsimile: 514-954-6769, sitatex YULCAYA, email:
sales@icao.int or on line at http://www.icao.int.
Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) Manual document 9863, First Edition dated 2006.
8. JAA. JAA documents are available from the Information Handling Services (IHS).
Information on prices, where and how to order is available on both the JAA web site:
www.jaa.nl and the IHS web site: www.avdataworks.com. JAA documents transposed to publications of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) are available on the EASA web site at www.easa.eu.int.
JAA Temporary Guidance Leaflet (TGL) 13 Revision 1.
9. EASA. Publications are available on the EASA web site at www.easa.eu.int.
AMC 20-13 Certification of Mode S Transponder Systems for Enhanced Surveillance.
Appendix E
E-1
Appendix E. Definitions and Acronyms.
1. Definitions.
a. Active surveillance. Using TCAS interrogations and subsequent replies to update or acquire a TCAS track.
b. Advisory. Message given to alert the flight crew of converging aircraft and/or a potential collision.
c. Air traffic control radar beacon system (ATCRBS). Secondary surveillance radar system with ground based interrogators and airborne transponders capable of operation on Modes A and C.
d. Alert. Indication (aural or visual) that informs the flight crew in a timely manner about converging aircraft or potential collision.
e. Automatic dependent surveillance broadcast (ADS-B). A function on an aircraft or vehicle that automatically broadcasts its own aircraft's identity, state vector (horizontal and vertical position and velocity), associated quality and performance parameters (accuracy and integrity) and other information. Broadcast links include the 1090 MHz extended squitter (ES) and the universal asynchronous transceiver (UAT) broadcast on 978MHz.
f. Coast. Condition which occurs when TCAS II does not receive a reply to an interrogation from an intruder for which it has established a track, resulting in the logic continuing the track based on previous track characteristics.
g. Corrective resolution advisory (RA). Advises the pilot to either deviate from current vertical speed, such as CLIMB when the aircraft is level, or to maintain an existing climb or descent rate.
Note: In TCAS II Version 7.0 and V7.1, a “Maintain Rate RA” is classified as a corrective RA solely to provide a green fly-to arc or zone on a vertical speed indicator.
h. Discrete. Separate, complete and distinct signal.
i. Failure. Inability of a system, subsystem, unit, or part to perform within previously specified limits.
j. False advisory. Advisory caused by a false track or TCAS II malfunction.
k. Fruit. Intruder replies corrupted by the receipt of undesired transponder replies elicited by ground interrogators and other TCAS II interrogators.
Appendix E
E-2
l. Hybrid Surveillance. Combined use of active and passive surveillance to update a TCAS track.
m. Incorrect resolution advisory (RA). RA occurring when a threat is present, but, because of a failure of the installed TCAS II, Mode S transponder, or associated sensors, commands a maneuver that reduces separation to the threat.
n. Intruder. Aircraft satisfying the TCAS II traffic advisory detection criteria.
o. Mode A. Type of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment or mode of operation that replies by selected 4096 code (nonaltitude) when interrogated.
p. Mode C. Type of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment or mode of operation that replies with aircraft altitude information when interrogated.
q. Mode S. Type of secondary surveillance radar (SSR) equipment that replies to Mode A and Mode C ground interrogations, a discrete address, and other aircraft information in response to interrogations from the ground or air.
r. Other traffic. Aircraft more than ±1200 feet vertical or 6 nautical miles (NM) from own aircraft that are neither RA nor TA.
s. Passive surveillance. The use of airborne position messages to update a TCAS track.
t. Preventive resolution advisory. Requires a pilot to avoid certain deviations from current vertical rate (for example, a Do Not Climb RA when the aircraft is level).
u. Proximate traffic. Aircraft within 6 NM in range and within ±1,200 feet vertically from own aircraft, but does not meet the TCAS II thresholds of a TA or RA.
v. Resolution advisory (RA). Aural voice and display information provided by TCAS II to a flight crew, advising that a particular maneuver should, or should not, be performed to attain or maintain minimum safe vertical separation from an intruder.
w. Resolution display. Shows vertical guidance depicting areas to “fly to” and/or avoid above or below the TCAS II equipped aircraft.
x. Sense. A direction that an RA may take (either Climb or Descend) relative to the existing flight path of own aircraft.
y. Threat. An intruder that satisfies the threat detection logic and thus requires an RA.
z. Track. Estimated position and velocity of a single aircraft based on correlated surveillance data reports.
Appendix E
E-3
aa. Traffic. Aircraft with an operating transponder capable of being tracked and displayed by a TCAS-equipped aircraft.
bb. Traffic advisory (TA). Aural voice and display information from TCAS II to a flight crew, identifying the location of nearby traffic meeting certain minimum separation criteria.
cc. Traffic display. Horizontal position of transponder-equipped aircraft relative to the TCAS II equipped aircraft.
2. Acronyms.
Table E-1 Acronyms.
Acronym Definition 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations ACARS Aircraft communications a ddressing and reporting system ADS-B Automatic dependent surveillance - broadcast AFM Airplane flight manual AFMS Airplane flight manual supplement AGL Above ground level ASR Airport surveillance radar ATA Air Transport Association ATC Amended type certificate ATC Air traffic control ATCRBS Air traffic cont rol radar beacon system CAS Collision avoidance algorithm , or CAS logic CRS CAS requirements specification dB Decibel DRVSM Domestic reduced ver tical separation minimum EADI Electronic attitude display indicator EFIS Electronic flight instrument system EHSI Electronic horizontal situation indicators EMI Electromagnetic interference FAA Federal Aviation Administration FD Flight director FHA Functional hazard assessment FL Flight level
Appendix E
E-4
Table E-2 Acronyms. (continued)
FMEA Failure modes and effects analysis FPM Feet Per Minute GPS Global positioning system GPWS/TAWS Ground proximity warning system /terrain awareness warning system HUD Heads-up device ICAO International Civ il Aviation Organization IVSI Instantaneous vert ical speed indicators MHz Megahertz NAS National Aerospace System ND Navigation display NM Nautical mile PFD Primary flight display RA Resolution advisory SARP Standards and Recommended Practices STC Supplemental type certificate TA Traffic advisory TC Type certificate TCAS II Traffic alert and collision avoidance system TSO Technical standard order TTP TCAS transition program Vmo Maximum operating limit speed