AC 20-165B

Appendix D D-4 Table D-2. NACV Value Velocity Accuracy Bound (Estimated Velocity Uncertainty) 0 ≥ 10 m/s or unknown 1 < 10 m/s 2 < 3 m/s 3 < 1 m/s 4 < 0.3 m/s D.1.20 Navigation Integrity Category (NIC).

A parameter that specifies an integrity containment radius. Table D-3 provides a list of possible NIC values. A NIC of 7 or greater is required by § 91.227.

Table D-3. NIC Encoding Value Radius of Containment 0 Unknown 1 RC < 37.04 km (20.0 nm) 2 RC < 14.816 km (8.0 nm) 3 RC < 7.408 km (4.0 nm) 4 RC < 3.704 km (2.0 nm) 5 RC < 1.852 km (1.0 nm) 6 RC < 1.111 km (0.6 nm) 6 RC < 926 m (0.5 nm) 6 RC < 555.6m (0.3 nm) 7 RC < 370.4 m (0.2 nm) 8 RC < 185.2 m (0.1 nm) 9 RC < 75 m 10 RC < 25 m 11 RC < 7.5 m D.1.21 Position Source.

The on-board avionics equipment that provides the latitude, longitude, geometric altitude, velocity, position and velocity accuracy metrics, and position integrity metric.

Additionally, the position source may provide the vertical rate parameters.

Appendix D D-5 D.1.22 Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM).

Any algorithm that verifies the integrity of the position output using GPS measurements, or GPS measurements and barometric aiding, is considered a RAIM algorithm. An algorithm that uses additional information (such as a multi-sensor system with inertial reference system) to verify the integrity of the position output may be acceptable as a RAIM equivalent. Within this AC, the term RAIM is a synonym for aircraft-based augmentation system (ABAS) and is used to refer to both RAIM and RAIM-equivalent algorithms.

D.1.23 Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS).

A wide coverage augmentation system in which the user receives augmentation information from a satellite-based transmitter. In the United States, this is referred to as Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).

D.1.24 Selective Availability (SA).

A protection technique employed by the Department of Defense that degraded GPS accuracy. Selective availability was discontinued on May 1, 2000.

D.1.25 Source Integrity Level (SIL).

The probability of the reported horizontal position exceeding the radius of containment defined by the NIC without alerting, assuming the avionics has no faults. Table D-4 provides a list of possible SIL values. A SIL of 3 is required by § 91.227.

Table D-4. SIL Encoding Value Probability 0 > 1x10-3 or unknown 1 ≤ 1x10-3 2 ≤ 1x10-5 3 ≤ 1x10-7 D.1.26 System Design Assurance (SDA).

The failure condition that the position transmission chain is designed to support.

Table D-5 provides a list of possible SDA values. An SDA of 2 or greater is required by § 91.227. Refer to A.2.29 for more information.

Appendix D D-6 Table D-5. SDA Encoding Value Probability of Undetected Fault Causing the Transmission of False or Misleading Information 0 > 1x10-3 or unknown 1 ≤ 1x10-3 2 ≤ 1x10-5 3 ≤ 1x10-7 D.1.27 Traffic Collision Avoidance System.

Collision Avoidance systems which rely on transponder interrogations and replies of other airborne aircraft.

D.1.28 Traffic Collision Avoidance System I.

TCAS I is the first generation of collision avoidance technology. TCAS I systems are able to monitor the traffic situation around an aircraft and offer information on the approximate bearing and altitude of other aircraft. It can also generate collision warnings in the form of a "Traffic Advisory" (TA). The TA warns the pilot that another aircraft is in near vicinity, announcing "Traffic, traffic", but does not offer any suggested remedy D.1.29 Traffic Collision Avoidance System II.

TCAS II is the second and current generation of instrument warning TCAS. It offers all the benefits of TCAS I, but also offers the pilot direct, vocalized instructions to avoid danger, known as a "Resolution Advisory" (RA). TCAS II systems coordinate their resolution advisories before issuing commands to the pilots, so that if one aircraft is instructed to descend, the other will typically be told to climb — maximizing the separation between the two aircraft.

D.1.30 Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B).

TIS-B is a ground broadcast service provided from an ADS-B ground system network over the UAT and 1090ES links that provides position, velocity, and other information on traffic detected by a secondary surveillance radar, but is not transmitting an ADS-B position.

D.1.31 Total Latency.

The total time between when the position is measured by the position source (GNSS TOM for GNSS systems) and when the position is transmitted from the aircraft (ADS-B time of transmission).

D.1.32 Uncompensated Latency.

Any latency in the ADS-B system that is not compensated through extrapolation.

Uncompensated latency can be represented as the difference between the time of applicability of the broadcast position and the actual time of transmission.

Appendix D D-7 D.1.33 Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS).

The U.S. implementation of SBAS.

D.2 Acronyms.

The following acronyms are specific to this AC and may differ from definitions contained in other references.

 14 CFR Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations  AC Advisory Circular  ACO Aircraft Certification Office  ACR ADS-B Aircraft Operation Compliance Report  ADIRS Air Data And Inertial Reference System  ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast  ADS-R Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Rebroadcast  A/FD Airport/Facility Directory  AFM Airplane Flight Manual  AFMS Airplane Flight Manual Supplement  ANSP Air Navigation Service Provider  ARP Aerospace Recommended Practice  ASDE-X Airport Surface Detection Equipment, Model X  ATC Air Traffic Control  ATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System  dB Decibel  DME Distance Measuring Equipment  EASA European Aviation Safety Agency  EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility  EMI Electromagnetic Interference  EPU Estimated Position Uncertainty  FAA Federal Aviation Administration  FCU Flight Control Unit  FHA Functional Hazard Assessment  FIS-B Flight Information Services - Broadcast  FMS Flight Management System

Appendix D D-8  GBAS Ground Based Augmentation System  GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System  GNSS/IRS Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Reference System  GPS Global Positioning System  GVA Geometric Vertical Accuracy  HAE Height Above Ellipsoid  HAG Height Above Geoid  HFOM Horizontal Figure of Merit  HIL Horizontal Integrity Level  HPL Horizontal Protection Level  HUL Horizontal Uncertainty Level  Hz Hertz  ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization  ICA Instructions for Continued Airworthiness  IFR Instrument Flight Rules  INS Inertial Navigation System  IRS Inertial Reference System  IRU Inertial Reference Unit  kts Knots  LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance  m/s Meters per second  MCP Mode Control Panel  MHz Megahertz  MOPS Minimum Operational Performance Standards  MSL Mean Sea Level  NACP Navigational Accuracy Category for Position  NACV Navigational Accuracy Category for Velocity  NAS National Aerospace System  NIC Navigational Integrity Category  NICBARO Barometric Altitude Integrity Code  NM Nautical Mile

Appendix D D-9  POA Position Offset Applied  RA Resolution Advisory  Rc Radius of containment  RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring  RFM Rotorcraft Flight Manual  RFMS Rotorcraft Flight Manual Supplement  RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum  SA Selective Availability  SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System  SDA System Design Assurance  SIL Source Integrity Level  SILSUPP SIL Supplement  SIS Signal-in-Space  SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar  STC Supplemental Type Certificate  TC Type Certificate  TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System  TCAS I Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (generation 1)  TCAS II Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (generation 2)  TIS-B Traffic Information Service - Broadcast  TOM Time of Measurement  TSO Technical Standard Order  TSOA Technical Standard Order Authorization  UAT Universal Access Transceiver  UTC Coordinated Universal Time  VFR Visual Flight Rules  VFOM Vertical Figure of Merit  VOR Very High Frequency Omnidirectional Range  VAPP Target approach airspeed  VFE Maximum flap extended speed  VH Maximum speed in level flight at maximum continuous power

Appendix D D-10  VMO Maximum operating limit speed  VNE Never-exceed speed  VS Stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed at which the airplane is controllable  VY Speed for best rate of climb  V2 Takeoff safety speed  WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System  WGS-84 World Geodetic System 1984

Appendix E E-1 APPENDIX E. RELATED DOCUMENTS E.1 FAA Documents.

E.1.1 Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations.

FAA regulations can be obtained at https://bookstore.gpo.gov/.

E.1.2 Advisory Circulars.

Order copies of ACs from the U.S. Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Office, M-30, Ardmore East Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20785. You can also get copies from our website at www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/.

 AC 20-131(), Airworthiness Approval of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS II) and Mode S Transponders.

 AC 20-138(), Airworthiness Approval of Positioning and Navigation Systems.

 AC 20-149(), Installation Guidance for Domestic Flight Information Services - Broadcast.

 AC 20-151(), Airworthiness Approval of Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS II), Versions 7.0 & 7.1 and Associated Mode S Transponders.

 AC 20-172(), Airworthiness Approval for ADS-B In Systems and Applications.

 AC 21-16(), RTCA Document DO-160 versions D, E, F, and G, “Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment”.

 AC 21-40(), Guide for Obtaining a Supplemental Type Certificate.

 AC 23.1309-1(), System Safety Analysis and Assessment for Part 23 Airplanes.

 AC 25.1309-1(), System Design and Analysis.

 AC 25.1322-1, Flightcrew Alerting.

 AC 27-1(), Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft.

 AC 29-2(), Certification of Transport Category Rotorcraft.

 AC 43-6(), Altitude Reporting Equipment and Transponder System Maintenance and Inspection Practices.

E.1.3 Technical Standards Orders.

You can find a current list of TSOs on the FAA Regulatory and Guidance Library website at http://rgl.faa.gov/. You will also find the TSO Index of Articles at the same site.

 TSO-C5, Direction Instrument, Non-Magnetic (Gyroscopically Stabilized).

 TSO-C6, Direction Instrument, Magnetic (Gyroscopically Stabilized).

Appendix E E-2  TSO-C8(), Vertical Velocity Instruments (Rate-of-Climb).

 TSO-C10(), Altimeter, Pressure Actuated, Sensitive Type.

 TSO-C66(), Distance Measuring Equipment (DME) Operating Within the Radio Frequency Range of 960-1215 Megahertz.

 TSO-C88(), Automatic Pressure Altitude Reporting Code-Generating Equipment.

 TSO-C106(), Air Data Computer.

 TSO-C112(), Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System/Mode Select (ATCRBS/Mode S) Airborne Equipment.

 TSO-C119(), Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Airborne Equipment, TCAS II With Hybrid Surveillance.

 TSO-C129(), Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using the Global Positioning System (GPS).

 TSO-C145(), Airborne Navigation Sensors Using The Global Positioning System Augmented By The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS).

 TSO-C146(), Stand-Alone Airborne Navigation Equipment Using The Global Positioning System Augmented By The Satellite Based Augmentation System (SBAS).

 TSO-C154c, Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) Equipment Operating on Frequency of 978 MHz.

 TSO-C166b, Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) Equipment Operating on the Radio Frequency of 1090 Megahertz (MHz).

 TSO-C196(), Airborne Supplemental Navigation Sensors for Global Positioning System Equipment using Aircraft-Based Augmentation.

E.1.4 FAA Orders.

FAA orders can be obtained from the FAA Regulatory and Guidance Library website at http://rgl.faa.gov/.

E.1.5 FAA Other Documents FAA Policy Memorandum: Installation Approval for ADS-B OUT Systems, dated December, 2015, is in the same location as AC 20-165B, on the rgl website:

http://rgl.faa.gov/.

FAA letter Changes to the TIS-B Service beginning in late 2015 dated March 31, 2015 can be found in the same location as TSO-C195B, on the rgl website: http://rgl.faa.gov/.

FAA SBS Surveillance and Broadcast Services Description Document, SRT-047 Revision 02, dated November 15, 2013, can be found in the same location as TSO-C195B, on the rgl website: http://rgl.faa.gov/.

Appendix E E-3 E.2 RTCA, Inc. Documents.

You can order copies of RTCA documents from RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th Street NW., Suite 910, Washington, DC 20036; telephone: (202) 833-9339; website:

http://www.rtca.org.

 RTCA/DO-160D, E, F or G, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment.

 RTCA/DO-178C, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification.

 RTCA/DO-208 change 1, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Airborne Supplemental Navigation Equipment Using Global Positioning System (GPS).

 RTCA/DO-229D, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Wide Area Augmentation System Airborne Equipment  RTCA/DO-254, Design Assurance Guidance for Airborne Electronic Hardware.

 RTCA/DO-260B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for 1090 MHz Extended Squitter Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B) and Traffic Information Services - Broadcast, with corrigendum 1.

 RTCA/DO-282B, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast, with corrigendum 1.

 RTCA/DO-300A, Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS) for Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System II (TCAS II) Hybrid Surveillance.

 RTCA/DO-316, Minimum Operational Performance Standards for Global Positioning System/Aircraft Base Augmentation System.

 RTCA/DO-338, Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for ADS-B Traffic Surveillance Systems and Applications (ATSSA.

E.3 ARINC Documents ARINC Characteristic 743A-5, GNSS Sensor, can be obtained from ARINC Industry Activities, 16701 Melford Blvd, Suite 120, Bowie, MD 20715, or by calling

(240) 334-2578, or from the ARINC Standards Store at the following address:

http://www.aviation-ia.com/cf/store/.

E.4 SAE International Documents.

Order SAE documents from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001; telephone: (724) 776-4970; fax: (724) 776-0790. Also, order copies online at www.sae.org.

 SAE ARP 4754A, Guidelines for Development of Civil Aircraft and Systems.

Appendix E E-4  SAE ARP-4761, Guidelines and Methods for Conducting the Safety Assessment Process on Civil Airborne Systems and Equipment.

E.5 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) Documents.

EASA publications can be obtained from the European Aviation Safety Agency, Postfach 10 12 53, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, or from https://easa.europa.eu .

 EASA AMC 20-24, Certification Considerations for the Enhanced ATS in Non- Radar Areas using ADS-B Surveillance (ADS-B-NRA) Application via 1090 MHZ Extended Squitter.

 ED Decision 2013/031/R, Decision 2013/031/R of the Executive Director of the Agency Adopting Certification Specifications for Airborne Communications Navigation and Surveillance (CS ACNS) CS-ACNS dated 17 December, 2013.

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