Appendix A A-2 A.2.6 American National Standards Institute document ANSI Z136.1, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers.
A.2.7 SAE ARP5572, Control Measures for Laser Safety in the Navigable Airspace.
A.2.8 SAE ARP5293, Safety Considerations for Lasers Projected in the Navigable Airspace.
A.2.9 SAE ARP5674, Safety Considerations for Aircraft-Mounted Lasers Projected Into the Navigable Airspace.
A.2.10 International Electrotechnical Commission document IEC 61508, Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems.
A.2.11 International Electrotechnical Commission document IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements.
A.3 OTHER DOCUMENTS.
A.3.1.1 Food and Drug Administration document FDA 86-8260, Compliance Guide for Laser Products.
A.3.1.2 Food and Drug Administration document Laser Notice No. 50, Laser Products – Conformance with IEC 60825-1 and IEC 60601-2-22; Guidance for Industry and FDA Staff.
A.4 HOW TO GET RELATED DOCUMENTS.
A.4.1 Order SAE documents from SAE World Headquarters, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, 15096-0001; telephone (724) 776-4970, fax (724) 776-0790. You can also order copies through the SAE website at: www.sae.org.
A.4.2 Order copies of RTCA documents from RTCA, Inc., 1150 18th Street NW., Suite 910, Washington, DC, 20036; telephone (202) 833-9339, fax (202) 833-9434. You can also order copies on the RTCA website at: www.rtca.org.
A.4.3 Order copies of 14 CFR parts from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37154, Pittsburgh, PA, 15250-7954. You can order copies through the Government Printing Office website at:
http://bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/laws-regulations/code-federal-regulations-cfrsprint/cfr-title-14-aeronautics-space.
A.4.4 You can find copies of ACs on the FAA website at:
http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/.
Appendix A A-3 A.4.5 You can find copies of 21 CFR sections on the FDA website at:
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Databases/default.
htm/.
A.4.6 You can find copies of the FDA Compliance Guide at:
http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/Guidan ceDocuments/UCM095304.pdf.
A.4.7 You can find copies of the FDA Laser Notice No. 50 at:
http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocumen ts/ucm094361.htm A.4.8 Order copies of ANSI standards from the ANSI standards store at:
http://webstore.ansi.org/.
A.4.9 Order copies of IEC documents from the IEC web store at: http://webstore.iec.ch/.
Appendix B B-1 Appendix B. LIDAR Equipment Installations B.1 CLASS 3R LIDAR EXAMPLE B.1.1 The table below identifies the section 7 paragraphs that would apply for an internally mounted LIDAR with an opening in the bottom of the fuselage for the LIDAR’s laser aperture. For this example, there is no direct path or reflected path into the cabin or cockpit windows from the laser at all scan angles. The LIDAR is an IEC class 3R laser. The only aircraft electrical interface is for electrical power. There is a laser emissions indicator, laser safety switch and a LIDAR flight guidance display in the cockpit.
T able 2. Applicable Section 7 Paragraphs Para Title Does it Comment Apply?
7 Laser Equipment Installation Yes The equipment installation must be shown to meet all the applicable airworthiness requirements such as electrical load capacity, circuit protection, wiring, bonding, and grounding; flammability;
environmental qualification; ICA; AFMS;
and structural and stress aspects. Since the laser equipment is nonrequired aircraft cabin-mounted equipment, the guidance in AC 20-168 could be used for the airworthiness requirements not specifically addressed in Section 7.3 herein.
7.1 Laser Equipment Certification Yes The laser equipment must comply with all applicable FDA 21 CFR standards. Since the laser equipment complies with IEC standard 60825-1, the FDA’s Laser Notice No. 50 may be used to determine what IEC 60825-1 guidance can be substituted for the FDA’s 21 CFR standards.
7.2 FDA Variance No Since the LIDAR is a class 3R laser, a variance is not required
7.3.1 System Safety Analysis Yes The results of the systems safety analysis for paragraphs 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2, 7.3.1.3,
7.3.1.4, and 7.3.1.5 should be documented. For this example, the system safety analysis would document the rationale why the functional failure conditions in paragraphs 7.3.1.1, 7.3.1.2,
Appendix B B-2
7.3.1.3, 7.3.1.4, and 7.3.1.5 are not applicable.
7.3.1.1 Laser Equipment Malfunction No Since there is no direct or reflected path into the cockpit or cabin, the malfunction described in 7.3.1.1 is not applicable.
7.3.1.2 System Safety Considerations No Since there is no direct or reflected path into the cockpit or cabin, the malfunction described in 7.3.1.2 is not applicable.
7.3.1.3 Aircraft Structure No A class 3R laser is not capable of burning or melting the aircraft structure or paint.
7.3.1.4 Equipment Interfaces No The laser equipment does not interface with any other are aircraft systems (e.g.
attitude heading reference system) other than electrical power. The electrical power wiring is protected with an appropriately sized circuit breaker.
7.3.1.5 Other Functional Failure No Other functional failure conditions should Condition be assessed for each equipment installation. This specific equipment installation does not have other functional failure conditions (such as the laser sensor fails to retract posing a hazard during landing).
7.3.2 NOHD and MPE Calculations Yes Since this is not a class I laser, the NOHD and MPE should be calculated and documented in a report.
7.3.3 Installation Type Design Yes The type design for the installation should include all the applicable 21 CFR 1040 requirements (such as laser emissions indicator in the cockpit, labels)
7.3.4 Software No Based on the system safety analysis, the laser equipment installation has no functional failure conditions that would affect the aircraft or its’ occupants.
Therefore, the laser equipment software would not have to be developed using AC 20-115C.
7.3.5 AEH No Based on the system safety analysis, the laser equipment installation has no functional failure conditions that would affect the aircraft or its’ occupants.
Therefore, the laser equipment AEH would not have to be developed using AC
20-152.
7.3.6 Configuration Control Yes Changes to the laser equipment could affect the laser equipment installation
Appendix B B-3 airworthiness and the laser equipment certification.
7.3.7 Aircraft Flight Manual Yes An approved AFMS is required for laser Supplement equipment installation.
7.3.7.1 Limitations Yes The following AFMS limitations would apply:
7.3.7.1.1 Laser must not be used to radiate other flying aircraft.
7.3.7.1.2 Laser must not be used on the ground or during taxi, takeoff, or landing.
7.3.7.1.3 Laser must not be used to radiate people when the distance between the laser and the people is less than NOHD.
The NOHD should be specified.
7.3.7.1.4 Atmospheric conditions when the laser must not be used.
7.3.7.1.5 Flight conditions when the laser must not be used (such as angle of bank, flying in close proximity to terrain, or hoist operations).
7.3.7.1.7 Aircraft configurations when the laser must not be used (such as cargo mirrors).
7.3.7.2 User Information Yes The following AFMS laser user information would apply:
7.3.7.2.1 Adequate instructions for operation, including warnings and cautions.
7.3.7.2.2 Legible reproductions of all labels and hazard warnings.
7.3.7.2.3 A listing of all controls, adjustments, and normal, abnormal, and emergency procedures for operation including the following statement:
“Caution –use of controls or adjustments or performance of procedures other than those specified herein may result in hazardous radiation exposure.”
7.3.8 Laser Safety Program Yes A laser safety program is recommended.
7.3.9 Instructions for Continued Yes In addition to what i s required by the Airworthiness airworthiness requirements for an ICA, the ICA should contain the following laser service information:
7.3.9.1 Procedures for service with appropriate warnings and precautions to avoid exposure to laser and collateral
Appendix B B-4 radiation above the accessible emission limits.
7.3.9.2 A schedule of maintenance to maintain the product in compliance.
7.3.9.3 A listing of controls and procedures that could increase the level of accessible radiation.
7.3.9.4 Identification of removable portions of protective housings allowing human access to laser or collateral radiation above the accessible emission limits.
7.3.9.5 Procedures to avoid exposure to levels of laser and collateral radiation known to be hazardous for each procedure or sequence of maintenance procedures to be accomplished.
7.3.9.6 Reproductions of required labels (color optional) and warnings.
7.3.9.7 Equipment location of the required labels and warnings.
7.3.10 STC Limitations No An FDA variance is not required.
B.2 INSTALLATIONS WITH MULTIPLE LIDAR CONFIGURATIONS Some LIDAR operators have a need to frequently change LIDAR equipment. To support these equipment changes, we recommend that the initial approval (such as an STC, data approval for major alteration) include descriptive data for all the LIDAR configurations that have been demonstrated to comply with the applicable airworthiness standards. The AFMS and ICA should also contain all required data for each LIDAR configuration. For the initial approval, all of the LIDAR configurations would be evaluated for installation airworthiness. The installation approval would list the approved LIDAR configurations.
B.3 APPROVAL OF A NEW LIDAR CONFIGURATION Installation approval of a new LIDAR configuration may require an ASTC, STC, ATC or data approval for a major alteration and revisions to the ICA and AFMS. The new LIDAR configuration should be evaluated for installation airworthiness such as electrical system capacity, system safety, electrical circuit protection, lightning direct effects, ice protection, flammability, environmental qualification (such as radiated emissions, crash safety, vibration, and temperature), changes to flight and handling characteristics (such as drag, stall, max and min air speeds, and trim), vibration, structures, static and pitot systems, and electrical wiring interconnection systems).
Appendix B B-5 B.4 LIDAR MINOR CHANGE IN TYPE DESIGN OR MINOR ALTERATION B.4.1 New LIDAR equipment configurations may be approved as a minor change to type design when criteria such as the following are satisfied and the change process is approved by the FAA Aircraft Certification Office serving your geographic area. The following criteria could also be used to classify an alteration as minor.
B.4.1.1 The initial LIDAR equipment installation was approved under a TC, STC, ATC, ASTC, or data approval for major alteration and included LIDAR laser equipment. The previous approval was not just for provisions (such as mounting and electrical power).
B.4.1.2 The new LIDAR equipment installation does not have a direct or reflected path into the cockpit or cabin windows for the laser radiation.
B.4.1.3 The new laser equipment must comply with all applicable FDA 21 CFR requirements (such as §§ 1002.10, 1010.2, 1010.3, 1040.10, and 1040.11) and have a label or tag permanently affixed to, or inscribed on, the laser equipment certifying the equipment complies with performance standards for laser products under part 1040.
B.4.1.4 The new LIDAR equipment laser class must be the same or less than the class of the laser equipment which was previously approved.
B.4.1.5 The new LIDAR equipment does not interface with any aircraft systems (such as air data) with the exception of aircraft electrical power.
B.4.1.6 If the initial LIDAR installation approval required an FDA variance, the new LIDAR equipment requires the same variance.
B.4.1.7 If the original LIDAR installation approval did not require an FDA variance, the new LIDAR equipment does not require a variance.
B.4.1.8 With the exception of a global positioning system puck antenna, all equipment is internally mounted within the aircraft or within a protective housing that is carried outside the aircraft. If it installed in a protective housing, the protective housing must have been approved during the initial installation approval and must not have any modifications.
B.4.1.9 The LIDAR equipment AFMS limitations and user information required by 7.3.7 that were approved during the initial installation approval must apply to the new LIDAR equipment configuration without changes needed. A cockpit placard could be used to identify the new LIDAR model and NOHD in lieu of a revision to the AFMS.
B.4.1.10 For LIDAR equipment that is mounted in the cabin or within a protective housing outside the aircraft, the weight, center of gravity, and envelope of the new equipment must fall within the ranges specified in the initial installation approval. The mounting attachment points and method for the new LIDAR equipment must have been approved during the initial installation approval.
Appendix B B-6 B.4.1.11 Electrical power for all the LIDAR equipment is no greater than the maximum power specified in the initial approval. The new laser equipment should be protected with a circuit breaker or fuse with an amperage rating recommended by the laser equipment manufacturer.
B.4.1.12 All new LIDAR equipment must pass the RTCA/DO-160, Section 21 emissions of radio frequency energy, category M or H.
B.4.1.13 For cabin mounted equipment, the new equipment must pass the RTCA/DO-160, Section 7, crash safety tests.
B.4.1.14 With all the new equipment installed and operating, an aircraft electromagnetic compatibility test is conducted and recorded using an FAA accepted procedure (such as the procedure that was originally used during the initial STC).
B.4.1.15 No additional equipment is installed beyond what was approved during the initial approval.
B.4.1.16 The new equipment must not introduce any new function failure conditions that would affect the airworthiness.
B.4.1.17 Depending on the LIDAR equipment configuration new or revised minor change criteria may be required.
B.4.1.18 Minor changes to an STC are added to the STC descriptive data to include identification of the new LIDAR equipment, results of RTCA testing, NOHD calculations, results of on aircraft electromagnetic testing, circuit breaker size and any data supporting the change.
B.4.1.19 Minor alterations are recorded in the maintenance records.
B.5 TYPE DESIGN AND DATA APPROVAL FOR MAJOR ALTERATION
RECOMMENDATIONS B.5.1 To facilitate the approval of new LIDAR configurations, recommend that the initial installation type design or initial data approval for the major alteration include descriptive data specifying the following:
B.5.1.1 The class of the laser.
B.5.1.2 The allowable weight range, center of gravity range, and maximum envelope for the equipment that is mounted to the aircraft.
B.5.1.3 The mounting attachment points and method for the LIDAR equipment.
B.5.1.4 Maximum electrical power for the LIDAR equipment that the LIDAR equipment circuit breaker and electrical power wiring can support.
Appendix B B-7 B.5.1.5 The LIDAR equipment RTCA/DO-160 tests and categories.
B.5.1.6 The technical and administrative controls for applicable FDA variances.
Appendix C C-1 Appendix C. Advisory Circular Feedback Information I f you have comments or recommendations for improving this advisory circular (AC), or suggestions for new items or subjects to be added, or if you find an error, you may let us know by using this page as a template and 1) emailing it to 9-AWA-AVS-AIR500-Coord@faa.gov or
2) faxing it to the attention of the AIR Directives Management Officer at 202-267-3983.
Subject: (insert AC number and title) Date: (insert date)
Comment/Recommendation/Error: (Please fill out all that apply)
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Description/Comments:______________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________
Recommend paragraph ______ on page ______ be changed as follows:
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In a future change to this advisory circular, please include coverage on the following subject:
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