Figure 3. Minimum Number of Hand Fire Extinguishers Required for Transport Category Rotorcraft Passenger Compartments Passenger No. of Capacity Extinguishers 7 through 30 31 through 60 2 61 or more 3
(2) There must be a hand fire extinguisher for the flight crewmembers.
(3) There are no requirements for extinguishing systems or hand extinguishers for accessible cargo or baggage compartments in transport category rotorcraft. Use the hand extinguisher guidance provided in chapter 4, paragraph 6 of this AC for these compartments.
c. Small Airplanes. Title 14 CFR §§ 23.851 and 91.513(c) requires a minimum number of hand extinguishers to be installed on small part 23 airplanes.
(1) At least one hand fire extinguisher must be located within easy access of the seated pilot.
(2) At least one hand fire extinguisher must be in the passenger compartment of an airplane that accommodates more than six passengers. The extinguisher must minimize the hazard of toxic gas concentration.
Appendix 1 Appendix 1. List of Acronyms 14 CFR Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations Advisory Circular ACO Aircraft Certification Office AD Airworthiness Directive AFM Airplane Flight Manual American Society of Testing and Materials Civil Aviation Authority Code of Federal Regulations Cabin Pressure Altitude Department of Transportation U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAATC FAA Technical Center FC Fluorocarbon FCOM Flight Crew Operations Manual FIC Fluoroiodocarbon FK Fluoroketone FM Factory Mutual Research Corp.
HCFC Hydrochlorofluorocarbon HF Hydrogen Flouride HFC Hydrotluorocarbon ICA Instructions for Continued Airworthiness ISO International Organization for Standardization LOAEL Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level MF Multiplication Factor MPS Minimum Performance Standard No Observable Adverse Effect Level National Fire Protection Association Perfluorocarbon Protective Breathing Equipment Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Personal Digital Assistant Portable Electronic Device Regulatory Guidance Library Radio Technical Corporation of America Society of Automotive Engineers Significant New Alternatives Policy Air Change Time Technical Standard Order Underwriters Laboratories United States Coast Guard W/V Weight per Unit Volume (W/V) Ratio %V/V Volume Percent A1-1
Appendix 2 Appendix 2. Definitions and Terms The following definitions and terms apply when following the procedures outlined in this AC:
1. Air Change Time. t. is the time in minutes, it takes for the inflow of fresh air into a compartment, with a volume equivalent to the volume of the compartment.
2. Cabin Pressure Altitude is specified for transport aircraft by regulation to be the air pressure in the cabin or compartment of a commercial airliner and it must not be lower than that found at an altitude of 8,000 ft (2,438 m) under normal operating conditions, per § 25.841(a) Cargo Aircraft are aircraft configured solely to carry cargo and no personnel other than the flight crew and any additional crew required for the care of the cargo.
4. Clean Agent is electrically nonconducting, volatile or gaseous fire extinguishant that does not leave a residue upon evaporation. The word agent as used in this circular means clean agent unless otherwise indicated.
5. Combi Aircraft are designed/configured to transport both passengers and cargo on the same level within the fuselage.
6. Compartment is an enclosed space on an aircraft. Examples of compartments are a flight deck, a crew rest, and a cabin. The aircraft cabin is considered one compartment.
7. Dry Chemical is a mixture of finely divided solid particles, usually sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, or ammonium phosphate-based with added particulate material supplemented by special treatment to provide resistance to packing, and moisture absorption (caking) and to promote proper flow characteristics.
Dry Powder is solid materials in powder granular form designed to extinguish class D combustible metal fires by crusting, smothering, or heat transferring means.
9. Flight Crew are responsible for the operation and management of the aircraft flight controls, engines, and systems, including, but not limited to, pilot in command (captain), first officer (copilot), second officer (flight engineer).
10. Flight Deck is the compartment of the aircraft arranged for use by the flight crew in operating the aircraft.
11. Galley is the area of the aircraft for storing, refrigerating, heating and dispensing of food and beverages.
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10/XX/10 AC 20-42D Appendix 2
12. Halocarbon Agent is comprised primarily of one or more organic compounds containing one or more of the elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Halocarbon agents are electrically non-conducting, volatile liquids, or gaseous fire extinguishants. As "clean agents", they do not leave a residue on evaporation. Halocarbon agents (halons and halon replacements) that are currently commercialized include the hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCS), perfluorocarbons (FCs or PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), fluoroiodocarbons (FICs), and fluoroketones (FKs), as well as the completely halogenated halocarbons (halons). Halocarbon agents are multipurpose class A, B, Crated agents and are most effective on Class B and C fires.
Advantages of halocarbon agents include low cold shock characteristics on electronic equipment, no degradation of visual acuity, and low pressure.
13. Halocarbon Blend is a mixture of 2 or more halocarbon agents in a portable extinguisher.
14. Halon is a short derivation for "halogenated hydrocarbon." The chemical structure is identified as a four digit number representing, respectively, the number of carbon, fluorine, chlorine, and bromine atoms present in one molecule. Both Halon 1211 and Halon 1301 are liquefied gases and typified as "clean agents." Halons primarily extinguish fire by chemically interrupting the combustion chain reaction rather than by heat removal or physically smothering.
15. Halon Equivalent Extinguisher is an extinguisher containing a clean agent which meets the MPS for hand-held fire extinguishers (see appendix 3 reference paragraph 7s of this AC).
Equivalency does not refer to agent weight, but the effectiveness of extinguishing a fire. Halon replacement extinguishers may be more than twice the weight of halon extinguishers.
16. Halon 1211 has the chemical name bromochlorodifluoromethane, CBrC1F2. Halon 1211 is a multipurpose, Class A, B, C rated agent effective against flammable liquid fires. Due to its relatively high boiling point of +26°F (-4°C). Halon 1211 discharges as an 85 percent liquid stream offering a long agent throw range.
17. Halon 1301 has the chemical name bromotrifluoromethane, CBrF3. Halon 1301 is recognized as a multipurpose agent having Class A, B, C capability in total flooding systems.
However, Halon 1301 offers limited Class A capability when used in portable fire extinguishers.
The boiling point for this agent is -72°F (-57.8°C). Halon 1301 discharges as a gas.
18. Halon Replacement Agents are any clean agents which can be either a non-halon (halocarbon agent) or halon alternative (all other substitute agents) that have SNAP approval by the U.S. EPA and meet the MPS for hand fire extinguishers.
19. Hand Fire Extinguisher is an approved, aircraft portable fire extinguisher which can be used by aircraft occupants to combat accessible, incipient, on-board fires.
21. HFC-227ea is an extinguishing agent that is comprised of the chemical 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- heptatluoropropane (CF CHFCF3). The boiling point of the agent is 2.5°F (-16.4°C). Due to this boiling point, HFC-227ea is discharged as a mixed liquid and vapor stream which readily evaporates. It is a multipurpose agent with class A, B and C capability.
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Appendix 2
22. HFC-236fa is an extinguishing agent that is comprised of the chemical 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoropropane (CF3CH,CF3). The boiling point of the agent is +29.5°F (-1.4°C). Due to its relatively high boiling point, HFC-236fa discharges predominately as a liquid stream which readily evaporates. It is a multipurpose agent with class A, B and C capability.
23. HCFC Blend B is an extinguishing agent that is a tertiary blend comprised primarily of the chemical 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane HCFC-123, (CFCHCI). Two inert gases are blended with the HCFC-123 to enhance flow distribution and fire extinguishing performance.
The boiling point of the blend is 80.6°F (27°C). Due to its high boiling point, HCFC Blend B discharges primarily as a liquid stream which readily evaporates. It is a multipurpose agent with class A, B, and C capability.
24. Labeled equipment or materials have an attached label, symbol, or other identifying mark of an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials, and by whose labeling the manufacturer indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a specified manner.
25. Listed refers to equipment, materials or services included in a list published by an organization that is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with evaluation of products or services. The organization maintains periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials or periodic evaluation of services, and who's listing states that the equipment, material or service meets appropriate designated standards or has been tested and found suitable for a specified purpose.
26. Listing Mark is a certification mark allowed to be carried as a stamp of approval by nationally recognized standards/testing organization.
27. Lithium Ion Battery is a rechargeable battery that has an anode made from a metal oxide composite containing lithium ion, and a cathode made from a specialized carbon material.
Charge and discharge of the battery is facilitated by the movement of lithium ions in electrolytic solutions. Lithium ion batteries are used in small electronic devices such as pagers, portable computers, camcorders, and portable telephones.
28. Lithium Primary Battery is a rechargeable battery that has a lithium anode and a cathode system consisting of carbon and either thionyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride.
29. Lowest Observable Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) is the lowest concentration at which an adverse physiological or toxicological effect has been observed in dogs.
30. Maximum Certificated Occupant Capacity is the maximum number of persons that can be carried for each specific aircraft model as certified by the authority having jurisdiction.
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Appendix 2
31. Minimum Performance Standard (MPS) for Hand Extinguishers refers specifically to two tests that hand extinguishers containing halon replacement agents must pass. See appendix 3 reference paragraph 7s. These fire tests demonstrate equivalent fire extinguishing performance currently used in aircraft and assess the toxicity of the decomposition products.
32. Minimum Safe Volume refers to the smallest compartment volume into which one extinguisher could be discharged, assuming perfect mixing of agent, without posing a toxicity hazard. Minimum safe volumes are dependent on the agent, the agent weight, ventilation, and pressure altitude of the discharge.
33. Neat in this context refers to un-decomposed agent.
34. No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) is the highest concentration at which no adverse physiological or toxicological effect has been observed in dogs.
35. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model is a mathematical model for human health risk assessment and investigation of toxicity. The health concern for halocarbons, including halons, is cardiac sensitization which occurs at a fixed target arterial concentration.
The model estimates the allowable arterial blood concentration as a function of agent exposure time to establish both the concentration of agent and duration to which personnel could be safely exposed. The PPK modeling is endorsed by the U.S. EPA and the NFPA.
36. Rated/Rating is a numerical value assigned to an extinguisher based on its fire extinguishing capability.
37. Safe Human Exposure Concentrations are based on PPK modeling. Safe human concentrations are exceeded when the simulated arterial concentration exceeds the target arterial concentration.
38. Small Aircraft are defined by part 23.
39. SNAP Program is EPA's significant new alternatives policy (SNAP) program to evaluate and regulate substitutes for ozone depleting chemicals that are being phased out under the stratospheric ozone protection provisions of the Clean Air Act.
40. Time of Useful Consciousness is the time available to don an oxygen mask without assistance.
41. Unventilated Compartment for the purposes of the AC is a compartment where the air change time is not known or exceeds 6 minutes.
42. Ventilated Compartment is a compartment where the air change time is known and does not exceed 6 minutes.
43. Volume Percent (% v/v) is the gas volume in liters per 100 liters of the resulting gas mixture, e.g. 2% v/v Halon 1211 mixture contains 2 liters Halon 1211 per 100 liters volume.
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Appendix 3 Appendix 3. Related Publications and How to Get Them Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). You can get copies of Title 14, 40, 46, and 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations, parts from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, P.O. Box 37154, Pittsburgh, PA 15250-7954. Telephone (202) 512-1800; fax (202) 512- 2250. You can order copies Title 14 through the FAA website at http://rgl.faa.gov/. Select "Access" then "Online Bookstore." Select "Aviation," then "Code of Federal Regulations."
You can also get copies of 14 CFR sections on-line at www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/ and copies of 40 CFR sections on-line at www.epa.gov/epahome/cfr40.htm. The following is a list of applicable Federal Regulations used for this AC:
14 CFR §§ 21.305, 23.561, 23.851, 23.1441, 23.1443-1449, 25.561, 25.851, 25.857,
25.1439, 27.561, 27.861, 29.561, 29.851, 29.853(e) and (t), 91.122, 91.211, 91.193, 121.309(c),
125.119(b) and (c), 127.107(c), 135.155.
b. Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations (40 CFR), Chapter I--Environmental Protection Agency, part 82-Protection of Stratospheric Ozone, subpart G-Significant New Alternatives Policy Program and subpart H-Halon Emissions Reduction (40 CFR part 82).
Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations (46 CFR), Chapter I-Coast Guard, Department of Transportation, part 34-Fire Fighting Equipment.
d. Title 49 of the Code of Federal Regulations (49 CFR), Transportation.
2. FAA Airworthiness Directive (AD). You can get copies of the following AD from the FAA's website at www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl.
a. AD 93-07-15, Boeing And McDonnell Douglas Models 707, 727, 737,747, and 757 and McDonnell Douglas Models DC-8, DC-9, and DC-10 Series Airplanes
3. FAA Advisory Circulars (AC). Order copies of Advisory Circulars (AC) from the U.S.
Department of Transportation, Subsequent Distribution Office, M-30, Ardmore East Business Center, 3341 Q 75th Avenue, Landover, MD 20795. Telephone (301) 322-5377, fax (301) 386- 5394. To be placed on FAA's mailing list for free ACs contact, U.S. Department of Transportation, Distribution Requirements, Section, M-494.1, Washington, D.C, 20590.
You can also get copies at www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl. On the website, select "Advisory Circulars," then select "By Number."
a. AC 120-80, In-Flight Fires
b. AC 20-42C, Hand Fire Extinguishers for Use in Aircraft
c. AC 25-17, Transport Airplane Cabin Interiors Crashworthiness Handbook
d. AC 25-18, Transport Category Airplanes Modified for Cargo Service A3-1
Appendix 3
e. AC 25-22, Certification of Transport Airplane Mechanical Systems
f. AC 25-869-1, Fire Protection Systems
g. AC 65-9A, [Large AC] Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics General Handbook
h. AC 65-12A, [Large AC] Airframe and Powerplant Mechanics Powerplant Handbook
4. FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO). You can find the following technical standard orders on the FAA website at http://rgl.faa.gov/ or at www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl. You will also find the TSO Index of Articles at the same site.
a. TSO-C19, Portable Water-Solution Type Fire Extinguisher
b. TSO-C116, Crewmember Portable Protective Breathing Equipment
5. FAA Safety Alerts for Operators (SAFOS) and Information for Operators (InFOs)
a. SAFO 09013 Fighting Fires Caused by Lithium Type Batteries in Portable Electronic Devices, June 23, 2009, www.faa.gov/other_visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/safo/all safos/media/ 2009/SAFO09013.pdf
b. InFO 09010 Availability of a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) In-flight Firefighting Training Video, June 23, 2009, www.faa.gov/other visit/aviation_industry/airline_operators/airline_safety/info/all infos/media/ 2009/info09010.pdf
6. FAA Training Videos:
a. "Extinguishing In-flight Laptop Computer Fires" and "Cabin Crew Firefighting Training Video," a training video on the use of hand extinguishers to fight on-board fires are available for viewing at www.fire.tc.faa.gov/2007Conference/session details.asp?sessionlD=26 Reports and Papers. Order copies of the following reports and papers from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Va. 22161. FAA publications can also be found on the following Web Site of the FAA Fire Safety Branch:
http://www.fire.tc.faa.gov/reports/reports.asp. Journal articles can be obtained directly from the publisher. Printed copies of Civil Aviation Authority documents are available from Documedia Solutions Ltd., 37 Windsor Street, Cheltenham, Glos., GL522DG, United Kingdom.
a. Abramowitz, A., Neese, W., Slusher, G, Smoke and Extinguisher Agent Dissipation in a Small Pressurized Fuselage, Federal Aviation Administration, Report No. DOT/FAA/CT- 89/31, 1990.
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Appendix 3
b. Blake, D.R., Effectiveness of Flight Attendants Attempting to Extinguish Fires in an Accessible Cargo Compartment, Federal Aviation Administration Technical Note DOT/FAA/AR-TN99/29, 1999.
Chattaway,A., The Development of A Hidden Fire Test for Aircraft Hand Extinguisher Applications, Civil Aviation Authority Paper No. 95013, London, 1995.
d. Cherry, R.G. W. et al, A benefit Analysis for Enhanced Protection from Fires in Hidden Areas on Transport Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration Report No.
DOT/FAA/AR-02/50, CAA Paper 2002/01.
e. Colton, B., Gargas, M., Sweeney, L.,Setting Acute Exposure Limits for the Halotron 1 Clean Agent Onboard Aircraft Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, Submitted to Louise Speitel, Federal Aviation Administration, July 16, 2008.
1. Eklund. Thor I., Analysis of Dissipation of Gaseous Extinguishing Agents in Ventilated Compartments, Federal Aviation Administration Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-83/1, 1993.
Hill, R.G., and Speitel, L., In-Flight Aircraft Seat Fire Extinguishing Tests (Cabin Hazard Measurement, Federal Aviation Administration Report No. DOT/FAA/CT-82/111, December 1982.
h. Krasner, L.M., Study of Hand-held Fire Extinguishers aboard Civil Aviation Aircraft, Factory Mutual Research Corporation, Federal Aviation Administration Report No.
DOT/FAA/CT-82/42, 1982.
Lain, M.J.,Teagle, D.A., Cullen, J., Dass, V., Dealing with In-Flight Lithium Battery Fires in Portable Electronic Devices, Civil Aviation Authority Paper No. 2003/4, London, 2003, ©Civil Aviation Authority 2003.
Slusher, G.R., Wright, J.A., and Speitel, L.C., Halon Extinguishment of Small Aircraft Instrument Panel Fires, DOT/FAA/CT-86/26, December 1986.
k. Slusher, Gerald R., Wright, Joseph, Demaree, James, Halon Extinguisher Agent Behavior in a Ventilated Small Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration Report No.
DOT/FAA/CT-86/5, 1986.
1. Slusher, G.R., Wright, J., Demaree, J.E., Neese, W.E., Extinguisher Agent Behavior in a Vantilated Small Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration Report No. DOT/FAA/CT- 83/30, 1984.
m. Speitel, Louise C., Lyon, Richard E., Guidelines for Safe Use of Gaseous Halocarbon Extinguishing Agents in Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration: Report No. DOT/FAA/AR- 08/3.
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Appendix 3
n. Tabscott, R.E. and Speitel, L.C. eds., "Options to the Use of Halons for Aircraft Fire Protection Systems- 2002 Update", Federal Aviation Administration Report No. DOT/FAA/AR- 99/63, Task Group on Halon Options, International Halon Replacement Working Group, U.S.
Department of Transportation, FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, February, 2002.
O. Vinegar, A., Jepson, G.W. and Overton, J.H (1998), PPK Modeling of Short-term (0-5 min) Human Inhalation Exposures to Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Inhalation Toxicology, 10:411-429.
Vinegar, A., Jepson, G.W., Cisneros, M., Rubenstein, R. and Brock, W.J. (2000), Setting Safe Acute Exposure Limits for Halon Replacement Chemicals Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling, Inhalation Toxicology, 12:751-763.
Vinegar, A (2001), Modeling Cardiac Sensitization Potential of Humans Exposed to Halon 1301 or Halon 1211 Aboard Aircraft, Aviation, Space and Environmental Medicine, Vol.
72, No. 10.
Vinegar, A., Jepson, G.W., Hammann, S.J., Harper, G., Dierdorf, D.S. and Overton, J.H.(1999), Simulated Blood Levels of CF3l in Personnel Exposed During Its Release from an F-15 Jet Engine Nacelle and During Intentional Inhalation, AIHA Journal, 60:403-408.
S. Webster, Harry, Development of a Minimum Performance Standard (MPS) for Hand- Held Fire Extinguishers as a replacement for Halon 1211 on Civilian Transport Category Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration Report No. DOT/FAA/AR-01/37, 2002.
Webster, Harry, Flammability Assessment of Bulk-Packed, Nonchargeable, Lithium Primary Batteries in Transport Category Aircrafi, Federal Aviation Administration Report No.
DOT/FAA/AR-04/26, 2004.
Webster, Harry, Flammability Assessment of Bulk-Packed, Rechargeable, Lithium- Ion Cells in Transport Category Aircraft, Federal Aviation Administration Report No.
DOT/FAA/AR-06/38, 2006.
8. American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards. You can get copies of the tollowing ASIM standards from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Telephone (610) 832-9585. You can also order on-line at www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org.
a. ASTM D7673-10, Standard Specification for Halon 1211.
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (CF2CIBr)
b. ASTM D5632-08, Standard Specification for Halon 1301, Bromotrifluoromethane
c. ASTM D5631-08, Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation and Storage of Halon 1301, Bromotrifluoromethane (CF 3Br) A3-4
Appendix 3
d. ASTM D 7122-05, Standard Specification for HCFC Blend B (CFCCIH, Ar, and CFa
e. ASTM D 7123-04, Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of HCFC Blend B (CFCCIH, Ar, and CF4)
f. ASTM 6064-03, Standard Specification for HFC-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- Heptafluoropropane (CFSCHFCFs)
g. ASTM D6065-05, Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of HFC-227ea 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane (CFCHFCFs)
h. ASTM D6541-05, Standard Specification for HFC-236fa. 1,1,1,3,3,3- Hexafluoropropane (CFCH CF 3)
i. ASTM D6427-04, Standard Practice for Handling, Transportation, and Storage of HFC-236fa, 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane (CF3CH,CF3)
9. Factory Mutual Research Corp. (FM). Order copies of the FM approval standards from FM Corporate Headquarters 1151 Boston-Providence Turnpike, P.O. Box 9102, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. Telephone +1-781-762-4300. You can also order on-line at www.fimglobal.com:
10. International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Order copies of the following ISO standards from ISO, 1, rue de Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.
Telephone +41-22-749-01-11. You can also order on-line at www.iso.org:
a. ISO 7201-1:1989, Fire Protection -- Fire Extinguishing Media - Halogenated Hydrocarbons -- Part 1: Specifications for Halon 1211 and Halon 1301.
11. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Order copies of the following NFPA standards from NFPA, 1 Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471. Telephone +1 800 344- 3555 or +1 617 770-3000. You can also order on-line at www.nfpa.org:
a. NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, 2007 Edition
b. NFPA 12A, Standard on Halon 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2009 Edition
c. NEPA 12B, Standard on Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems, 1990 Edition (No longer an active standard)
d. NEPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, 2008 Edition A3-5
Appendix 3
12. RTCA Inc. Documents. Order copies of the following RTCA Inc. documents from RTCA Inc., 1828 L Street NW., Suite 805, Washington, D.C. 20036. Telephone (202) 833-9339, fax
(202) 833-9434. You can also order copies online at www.rtca.org.
a. RTCA/DO-160F, Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment
13. SAE Documents. Order copies of SAE Aerospace Standards from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. Telephone (724) 776-4970, fax (724) 776-0790. You can also order copies online at www.sac.org.
14. Underwriters Laboratories, Ine (UL). You can get copies of the following U.S. - UL standards from UL Corporate Headquarters, 333 Pfingsten Road, Northbrook, IL 60062-2096 USA. Telephone Customer Service +1-877-ULHELPS (1-877-854-3577). You can also order
a. U.S. - UL 154, Carbon-Dioxide Fire Extinguishers (Ninth Edition), April20, 2009.
b. U.S. - UL 299, Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers (Tenth Edition), April 20, 2009.
c. U.S. - UL 626, Water Fire Extinguishers (Eighth Edition), January 31, 2007.
d. U.S. - UL 711, Rating and Fire Testing of Fire Extinguishers (Seventh Edition), April 13, 2009.
e. U.S. - UL 1093, Standard for Halogenated Agent Fire Extinguishers (Fifth Edition), November 30, 1995. (UL intends to withdraw this standard effective October 2014)
1. U.S. - UL 2129, Halocarbon Clean Agent Fire Extinguishers (Second Edition), January 31, 2007.
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