Sink Rate, ft / sec Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Cumulative Frequency per 10,000 Landings 106
Curve Description 1 Single-Engine Basic Flight Instruction 2 Single-Engine Unpressurized Operations, Including Personal, Executive and Aerobatic Usage 3 Twin-Engine Unpressurized Usage, Single-Engine and Twin-Engine Pressurized Usage Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 9, Reference 3.
Figure A1-15 Landing Impact Spectra 1 23 8
1.5
1.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
A1-32
- - - - - - Normal Load Factor, nz, g’s Appendix 1
APPENDIX 1. FLIGHT AND GROUND LOAD SPECTRA (CONTINUED)
Occurrences per 1,000 Landings 106
1 .0 1 .2 1 .61 .4 Curve Description 1 All Single-Engine and Twin-Engine Operations, Excluding Aerial Application 2 Agricultural Usage (Aerial Application) Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 10, Reference 3.
Figure A1-16 Taxi Spectra 1 2 8
1.5 100
1.0 + 1+.1 + 1+.3 + 1+.5 +- A1-33 (and 34)
10 3 10 4 10 5 10 10
9/29/05 AC 23-13A Appendix 2 Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 11, Reference 3.
Alternating Stress, SALT ~ ksi 100 80 60 50 40 30 20 10 8 6 5 4 3 2 1 N ~ Number of Cycles Mean Stress, SMEAN, ksi 0
2.5 5
7.5 10 15 20 30 APPENDIX 2. S/N CURVES FOR ALUMINUM COMPONENTS FIGURE A2-1
ENDURANCE OF COMPLETE WINGS AND TAILPLANES (ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIALS) 7 6 A2- 1
Appendix 2 Note: Curves reproduced from Figure 12, Reference 3.
Alt er nating Stress, SALT ~ ksi 0 5 10 15 20 1 x 104 1 x 105 3 x 104 3 x 10 5 1 x 10 6 3 x 106 N Number of Cycles 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Mean Stress, SMEAN, ksi APPENDIX 2. S/N CURVES FOR ALUMINUM COMPONENTS (CONTINUED) FIGURE A2-2
TYPICAL CONSTANT LIFE CURVES
FOR COMPLETE WINGS AND TAILPLANES
(ALUMINUM ALLOY MATERIALS)
A2-2