6. Transponders, Mode C . For VFR, same as (v), also requesting altitude check, starting at 2,000 feet AGL, or MOCA (whichever is greater), and continuing every 2,500 feet up to 90 percent of service ceiling; starting the climb at 10 NM and ending at 80 NM from the station.
7. Long Range Navigation Communication (LORAN-C) Systems . Use VFR only criteria of AC 20-121A.
8. Electro Magnetic Compatibility . With all systems exercised in flight, verify by observation that no adverse effects are present in the installed equipment.
v. Equipment Systems and Installation .
(1) Regulation Reference . Section 23.1309.
(2) Discussion . For those airplanes with equipment installations where a single failure would not cause loss of safe flight capability, or if not limited to VFR operation, a failure would not result in a significant reduction in the ability of the crew to cope with adverse operating conditions, § 23.1309(a) is applicable. An example would be loss of the primary attitude indicator during an IFR flight where the pilot can maintain control of the airplane by other means such as use of a secondary attitude indicator or use of partial-panel piloting techniques. In this instance, further evaluation would not be needed other than the requirements of § 23.1309(a), which addresses adverse effects on other equipment, the minimizing of hazards on single engine airplanes, and the prevention of hazards on multiengine airplanes. The methods of compliance outlined in AC
23.1309-1C, figure 1 and paragraph 7, are acceptable for evaluating these systems.
(a) For those airplanes with equipment in stallations whose failure conditions are catastrophic, the requirements of § 23.1309(b) are also applicable. The methods of compliance outlined in AC 23.1309-1C, paragraphs 9 and 10 are acceptable for evaluation of these systems.
(b) The general considerations of § 23.1309(c) and (f) are self-explanatory and are applicable to all airplanes being evaluated. Paragraph (d) is applicable only to commuter category airplanes (this intent was inadvertently omitted with the adoption of amendment 23-41). Paragraph
(e) is applicable to all installations with critical or essential functions that are also susceptible to lightning threats and radio frequency energy threats (other than High Intensity Radiated Fields (HIRF). This is discussed in paragraph "5s" of this AC and in AC 23.1309-1C, paragraph 11.
(c) Those systems employing software in their design will need further evaluation.
AC 23.1309-1C, paragraph 12 discusses this. AC 20-115B, and RTCA/DO-178B, is an acceptable means of assessing these systems.
w. Airplane Flight Manual .
(1) Regulations Reference . Sections 23.1581, 23.1585, and 23.1587.
(2) Discussion . For small airplanes, compliance is met by computing performance at two temperatures--standard day, and standard day +30 degrees Centigrade, and at least three altitudes for takeoff and landing distance and climb data expanded to a minimum of 10,000 feet altitude. A
presentation (the use of tables/charts rather than graphs) similar to that found in figure 13 is acceptable.
TAKE-OFF DISTANCE-FLAPS RETRACTED-HARD SURFACE RUNWAY @ 1600 LBS WT. & 68 KNOT CLIMB SPEED Sea Level (59F) 2500 FT (50F) 5000 FT (40F) 7500 FT (32F) Wind DISTANCE 50 FT ALT DISTANCE 50 FT ALT DISTANCE 1115 1985 1360 2440 10 500 1035 800 1250 780 1530 970 1875 20 305 730 395 890 505 1090 840 1375 Notes 1lIncrease the distances 10% for each 35F increase in temperature above standard for the particular altitude 2 For operation on dry, grass runway, increase distances (both "DISTANCE" and "Total to clear 50FT ALT".) by 7% of the "50FT ALT." figure.
MAXIMUM RATE-OF-CLIMB DATA @ 1600 LBS SEA LEVEL (69F) 5000 FT (41F) 10,000 FT (23F) JAS R.O.C. Fuel Used R.O.C. Fuel Used JAS R.O.C. Fuel Used Gal. S.L. GAL S.L. GAL.
74 670 0.6 71 440 1.6 67 220 3 Notes 1 Flaps retracted, full throttle, mixture leaned to smooth operation above 5000 FT.
2 Fuel used includes warm-up and take-off allowances 3 For hot weather, decrease rate of climb 15FT/min for each 10F above standard day temperature for particular altitude LANDING DISTANCE-FLAPS 40 DEGREES, POWER OFF HARD SURFACE RUNWAY--ZERO WIND @ 1600 LBS. & 60 KNOTS SEA LEVEL (59F) 5000 FT (50F) 5000 FT (41F) 7500 FT (32F) DISTANCE 50FT ALT DISTANCE 50FT ALT. DISTANCE 50FT ALT. DISTANCE 50FT ALT 445 1075 470 1135 495 1195 520 1255 Notes 1 Decrease the distances shown by 10% for each 4 knots increase in headwind 2 Increase the distance by 10% for each 60F temperature increase above standard.
3 For operation on a dry, grassy runway, increase distances ("Both "DISTANCE" and Total to clear 5OFT ALT.") by 20% of the " 50FT ALT." figure Figure 13 - PERFORMANCE CONTENT AND FORMAT 34