APPENDIX A TO PART 23—Simplified Design Load Criteria A23.1(a) References:
1. Clousing, Lawrence A. and Turner, William N.: Flight Measurements of Horizontal Tail Loads on a Typical Propeller-Driven Pursuit Airplane During Stalled Pull-Outs at High Speed. RMR (WR A - 81), May 1944.
2. Matheny, Coyce E.: Comparison Between Calculated and Measured Loads on Wing and Horizontal Tail in Pull-Up Maneuvers. ARR L5H11 (WR L-193), Oct.
1945.
3. Garvin, John B.: Flight Measurements of Aerodynamic Loads on the Horizontal Tail Surface of a Fighter-Type Airplane. TN 1483, Nov. 1947.
4. Sadoff, Melvin and Clousing, Lawrence A.: Measurements of the Pressure Distribution on the Horizontal-Tail Surfaces of a Typical Propeller-Driven Pursuit Airplane in Flight. III—Tail Loads in Pull-Up Push-Down Maneuvers. TN 1539, Feb. 1948.
5. NACA Flight Research Maneuvers Section: Flight Studies of the Horizontal-Tail Loads Experienced by a Modern Fighter Airplane in Abrupt Maneuvers. Report 792, 1944.
6. AC 23-15A, Small Airplane Certification Compliance Program The first paragraph of the Reference 1 CONCLUDING REMARKS reads:
“With the test airplane operated within maneuvering limits which were considered safe by design specifications in use at the time the airplane was designed, units loads were measured on the stabilizer which were not only considerably in excess of the design unit loads, but which occurred in a direction opposite to the design loads.”