(2) Protect the safety equipment from inadvertent damage.
(c) Emergency exit descent device. The stowage provisions for the emergency exit descent device required by § 25.809(f) must be at the exits for which they are intended.
Note: The reference to § 25.809(f) above applies to Amendment 25-47 of § 25.809.
Amendment 25-72 relocated this requirement from § 25.809(f) to § 25.810(a) at Amendment 25-72.
(d) Liferafts. (1) The stowage provisions for the liferafts described in § 25.1415 must accommodate enough rafts for the maximum number of occupants for which certification for ditching is requested.
(2) Liferafts must be stowed near exits through which the rafts can be launched during an unplanned ditching.
(3) Rafts automatically or remotely released outside the airplane must be attached to the airplane by means of the static line prescribed in § 25.1415.
(4) The stowage provisions for each portable liferaft must allow rapid detachment and removal of the raft for use at other than the intended exits.
(e) Long-range signaling device. The stowage provisions for the long-range signaling device required by § 25.1415 must be near an exit available during an unplanned ditching.
(f) Life preserver stowage provisions. The stowage provisions for life preservers described in § 25.1415 must accommodate one life preserver for each occupant for which certification for ditching is requested. Each life preserver must be within easy reach of each seated occupant.
(g) Life line stowage provisions. If certification for ditching under § 25.801 is requested, there must be provisions to store life lines. These provisions must-
(1) Allow one life line to be attached to each side of the fuselage; and
(2) Be arranged to allow the life lines to be used to enable the occupants to stay on the wing after ditching.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (a). Megaphones should be demonstrated to be accessible within five seconds by a 5th percentile female in the nearest flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-53)
(2) Paragraph (a). (Amendment 25-46)
(i) The public address system microphone should be accessible to a 5th percentile female when seated and with seat belt and harness fastened. (Amendment 25-46)
(ii) Refer to Paragraph 804 (the amended words to § 25.1411(a)(2)) for the intent of this paragraph. (Amendment 25-46)
(3) Paragraphs (b)(1) and (2). (Amendment 25-0)
(i) Safety equipment should be fastened so that it remains operational and accessible following exposure to the emergency landing loads of § 25.561. (Amendment 25-0)
(ii) Stowage compartments for safety equipment which are large enough to accommodate additional items that could damage the equipment should be placarded for "soft article only," or, if the safety equipment could be obscured by soft articles, the compartment should be placarded for stowage of emergency equipment only. (Refer to paragraphs 101b(1), 1041b(5), and 1101b(2).) (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (d). To the extent possible, life rafts should be distributed such that all exits suitable for launching rafts should have rafts stowed near them; i.e., rafts are equally distributed among qualified ditching exits (sills above water). "Near" in this context should be taken to mean as physically nearby the exit as practicable, where its stowed location could be readily determined from the vicinity of the exit, and where a minimum of portaging of the raft would be necessary. Also refer to § 25.1415. (Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (d)(4). Rapid detachment and removal of life rafts should be demonstrated by test. Two able-bodied adult males directed by a trained crewmember may be used, if the airplane configuration permits use of that many persons. (Amendment 25-46)
(6) Paragraph (e). The long range signaling device should not be stowed in the cockpit.
(Amendment 25-0)
(7) Paragraph (f). For domestic operation when life preservers are not required, the life preserver location placard could be retained provided another approved flotation means is provided and its location placarded. (Amendment 25-0)
(8) Paragraph (f). Each life preserver must be within easy reach of each seated and belted occupant. The reach requirements should be accomplished by demonstration using a 95th percentile male. For occupants with a combination seat belt and shoulder harness, the shoulder harness may be slipped off while evaluating life vest retrieval. In cases where the life vest is not located directly beneath the seat, the life vest locating placard should accurately state the location of the life vest, e.g. “Life vest under center armrest.” (Amendment 25-0)
(9) Paragraph (g). (Amendment 25-0)
(i) Life line stowage provisions include any structural modifications necessary to accommodate the use of a life line. Therefore, all airplanes of a particular model certificated for ditching should incorporate lifeline stowage provisions. (Amendment 25-0)
(ii) Life line stowage provisions are not required for airplanes which do not have ditching exits that lead evacuees on to the wing. (Amendment 25-0) 807 - 820. [RESERVED]
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613 SECTION 25.1413 SAFETY BELTS
821. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) If there are means to indicate to the passengers when safety belts should be fastened, they must be installed to be operated from either pilot seat.
(b) The rated strength of safety belts may not be less than that required to withstand the ultimate load factors specified in § 25.561, considering the dimensional characteristics of the belt installation for the specific seat or berth arrangement.
(c) Each belt must be attached so that no part of the anchorage can fail at a load lower than that which would result from the application of ultimate load factors equal to those specified in § 25.561, multiplied by a factor of l.33. This factor must be used instead of the fitting factor prescribed in § 25.625. The forward load factor need not be applied to safety belts for berths.
b. Guidance. Refer to AC 21-34, “Shoulder Harness-Safety Belt Installations” dated 9/7/83 for additional information.
822. AMENDMENT 25-44, Effective December 4, 1978.
a. Regulation.
(a) If there are means to indicate to the passengers when safety belts should be fastened, they must be installed to be operated from either pilot seat.
(b) The rated strength of safety belts may not be less than that required to withstand the ultimate load factors specified in § 25.561, considering the dimensional characteristics of the belt installation for the specific seat or berth arrangement.
(c) Each belt must be attached so that no part of the anchorage can fail at a load lower than that which would result from the application of ultimate load factors equal to those specified in § 25.561 multiplied by a factor of 1.33. This factor must be used instead of the fitting factor prescribed in § 25.625. The forward load factor need not be applied to safety belts for berths.
[(d) Each safety belt must be equipped with a metal to metal latching device.]
b. Guidance. Section 91.33(b)(12) required that safety belts have metal to metal buckles or latching devices. Implementation of this amendment necessitated corollary amendments to the airworthiness provisions of §§ 23.1413, 25.1413, 27.1413, and 29.1413. (Amendment 25-44)
614 Refer to AC 21-34, “Shoulder Harness-Safety Belt Installations” dated 9/7/83 for additional information.
823. AMENDMENT 25-51, Effective March 8, 1980.
a. Regulation.
(a) If there are means to indicate to the passengers when safety belts should be fastened. They must be installed to be operated from either pilot seat.
(b) The rated strength of safety belts may not be less than that required to withstand the ultimate load factors specified in § 25.561, considering the dimensional characteristics of the belt installation for the specific seat or berth arrangement.
(c) Each belt [and shoulder harness] must be attached so that no part of the anchorage can fail at a load lower than that which would result from the application of ultimate load factors equal to those specified in § 25.561, multiplied by a factor of
1.33. This factor must be used in stead of the fitting factor prescribed in § 25.625.
The forward load factor need not be applied to safety belts for berths.
(d) Each safety belt must be equipped with a metal to metal latching device.
b. Guidance. There is no additional guidance for this amendment. However, §§ 91.200 and 121.311(e) require that transport category airplanes are equipped with shoulder harnesses at each crewmember seat and flight attendant seat after March 6, 1980. (Refer to paragraphs 81b and 85b for related guidance.) (Amendment 25-51) Refer to AC 21-34, “Shoulder Harness-Safety Belt Installations” dated 9/7/83 for additional information.
824. AMENDMENT 25-72, Effective July 20, 1990.
The Section 25.1413 was relocated to Section 25.785 (i) at Amendment 25-72.
825 - 840. [RESERVED]
615 SECTION 25.1415 DITCHING EQUIPMENT
841. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) Ditching equipment used in airplanes to be certificated for ditching under § 25.801, and operated under the operating rules of this chapter, must meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Each life raft and each life preserver must be approved. In addition-
(l) Unless excess rafts of enough capacity are provided, the buoyancy and seating capacity beyond the rated capacity of the rafts must accommodate all occupants of the airplane in the event of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity; and
(2) Each raft must have a trailing line, and must have a static line designed to hold the raft near the airplane but to release it if the airplane becomes totally submerged.
(c) Approved survival equipment must be attached to each life raft.
(d) There must be an approved long-range signaling device for use in one life raft.
(e) For airplanes not certificated for ditching under § 25.801 and not having approved life preservers, there must be an approved flotation means for each occupant. This means must be within easy reach of each seated occupant and must be readily removable from the airplane.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (b). If a TSO-C70 liferaft is used, in order to be considered approved for use on transport category airplanes, the liferaft must be approved as a Type I liferaft per TSO- C70 (or later revision) or equivalent. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (b)(1). The determination of life raft requirements in this regard is based on the desired occupancy (crew and passengers), and the normal and overload ratings of the rafts. For a given desired occupancy, all occupants must be accommodated in the rafts without exceeding the normal capacity ratings of all the rafts combined. In addition, for that same desired occupancy, the loss of the largest rated raft is assumed. In that event, the same occupancy must be accommodated in the remaining rafts without exceeding the overload capacity ratings of all the remaining rafts combined. Therefore, the minimum number of life rafts is two since an airplane with only one life raft can not comply with this requirement.
(Amendment 25-0)
(3) Paragraph (b)(2). The trailing line is for tying rafts together. The following are quoted from the applicable TSOs. The trailing line is referred to as the heaving-trailing line.
(Amendment 25-0)
(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.3 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and with a tensile strength of not less than 250 lbs containing a floatable device of suitable size and weight, shall be located on the main flotation tube(s) near the sea anchor attachment and shall be accessible from either side of the raft. (Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the trailing line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.9 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and at least 250 lbs strength must be located on the main flotation tube near the sea anchor attachment. The attach point of the line must withstand a pull of not less than 1.5 times the line rated strength without damage to the slide/raft. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.4 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length for Type I rafts and not less than 35 feet in length for Type II rafts, and at least 250 lbs strength, must be located on the main flotation tube near the sea anchor attachment. The attach point of the line must withstand a pull of not less than 1.5 times the line rated strength without damage to the raft. A heaving-trailing line must be accessible in any inflated position of a reversible life raft. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (b)(2). The static line is for keeping the life raft or slide/raft near the airplane for boarding after the unit is launched or disconnected from the girt. The following are quoted from the applicable TSOs. The static line is referred to as the mooring line. (Amendment 25-0)
(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.1 “RAFT MOORING LINE.” A suitable mooring line with a wet breaking strength of 450-550 lbs and with a minimum length of 20 feet shall be provided. One end shall be attached to the raft at the point of intersection of the tubes on the outer periphery of the raft with the rest of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 4.2.8 below). The strength of the attachment of the raft shall be in excess of the strength of the line.
(Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the static line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to the slide/raft. The mooring line must be capable of keeping the slide/raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the slide/raft or cause the slide/raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the slide/raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to one end of the raft, with the remainder of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 5.2). The mooring line must be capable of keeping the raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the raft or cause the raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
842. AMENDMENT 25-29, Effective October 21, 1971.
a. Regulation.
(a) Ditching equipment used in airplanes to be certificated for ditching under § 25.801, and operated under the operating rules of this chapter, must meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Each liferaft and each life preserver must be approved. In addition-
(1) Unless excess rafts of enough capacity are provided, the buoyancy and seating capacity beyond the rated capacity of the rafts must accommodate all occupants of the airplane in the event of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity; and
(2) Each raft must have a trailing line, and must have a static line designed to hold the raft near the airplane but to release it if the airplane becomes totally submerged.
(c) Approved survival equipment must be attached to each liferaft.
[(d) There must be a survival type emergency locator transmitter that meets the applicable requirements of § 37.200 of this chapter for use in one life raft.]
(e) For airplanes not certificated for ditching under § 25.801 and not having approved life preservers, there must be an approved flotation means for each occupant. This means must be within easy reach of each seated occupant and must be readily removable from the airplane.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (b). If a TSO-C70 liferaft is used, in order to be considered approved for use on transport category airplanes, the liferaft must be approved as a Type I liferaft per TSO- C70 (or later revision) or equivalent. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (b)(1). The determination of life raft requirements in this regard is based on the desired occupancy (crew and passengers), and the normal and overload ratings of the rafts. For a given desired occupancy, all occupants must be accommodated in the rafts without
618 exceeding the normal capacity ratings of all the rafts combined. In addition, for that same desired occupancy, the loss of the largest rated raft is assumed. In that event, the same occupancy must be accommodated in the remaining rafts without exceeding the overload capacity ratings of all the remaining rafts combined. Therefore, the minimum number of life rafts is two since an airplane with only one life raft can not comply with this requirement.
(Amendment 25-0)
(3) Paragraph (b)(2). The trailing line is for tying rafts together. The following are quoted from the applicable TSOs. The trailing line is referred to as the heaving-trailing line.
(Amendment 25-0)
(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.3 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and with a tensile strength of not less than 250 lbs containing a floatable device of suitable size and weight, shall be located on the main flotation tube(s) near the sea anchor attachment and shall be accessible from either side of the raft. (Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the trailing line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.9 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and at least 250 lbs strength must be located on the main flotation tube near the sea anchor attachment. The attach point of the line must withstand a pull of not less than 1.5 times the line rated strength without damage to the slide/raft. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.4 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length for Type I rafts and not less than 35 feet in length for Type II rafts, and at least 250 lbs strength, must be located on the main flotation tube near the sea anchor attachment. The attach point of the line must withstand a pull of not less than 1.5 times the line rated strength without damage to the raft. A heaving-trailing line must be accessible in any inflated position of a reversible life raft. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (b)(2). The static line is for keeping the life raft or slide/raft near the airplane for boarding after the unit is launched or disconnected from the girt. The following are quoted from the applicable TSOs. The static line is referred to as the mooring line. (Amendment 25-0)
(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.1 “RAFT MOORING LINE.” A suitable mooring line with a wet breaking strength of 450-550 lbs and with a minimum length of 20 feet shall be provided. One end shall be attached to the raft at the point of intersection of the tubes on the
619 outer periphery of the raft with the rest of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 4.2.8 below). The strength of the attachment of the raft shall be in excess of the strength of the line.
(Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the static line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to the slide/raft. The mooring line must be capable of keeping the slide/raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the slide/raft or cause the slide/raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the slide/raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.10 “MOORING LINE.” A nonrotting mooring line at least 20 feet in length must be attached at one end to one end of the raft, with the remainder of the line held flaked to the carrying case (Refer to 5.2). The mooring line must be capable of keeping the raft, loaded to maximum rated capacity, attached to a floating aircraft, and not endanger the raft or cause the raft to spill occupants if the aircraft sinks. The line may be equipped with a mechanical release linkage. The breaking strength of the line must be at least 500 lbs, or 40 times the rated capacity of the raft, whichever is greater, but need not exceed 1,000 lbs. (Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (d). Part 37 has been eliminated, therefore the standard the emergency locator transmitter (ELT) shall meet is TSO-C91. (Amendment 25-29)
843. AMENDMENT 25-52, Effective September 9, 1980.
a. Regulation.
(a) Ditching equipment used in airplanes to be certificated for ditching under § 25.801, and operated under the operating rules of this chapter, must meet the requirements of this section.
(b) Each liferaft and each life preserver must be approved. In addition-
(1) Unless excess rafts of enough capacity are provided, the buoyancy and seating capacity beyond the rated capacity of the rafts must accommodate all occupants of the airplane in the event of a loss of one raft of the largest rated capacity; and
(2) Each raft must have a trailing line, and must have a static line designed to hold the raft near the airplane but to release it if the airplane becomes totally submerged.
(c) Approved survival equipment must be attached to each liferaft.
(d) There must be a survival type emergency locator transmitter that meets the applicable requirements of [TSO-C91] for use in one life raft.
(e) For airplanes not certificated for ditching under § 25.801 and not having approved life preservers, there must be an approved flotation means for each occupant. This means must be within easy reach of each seated occupant and must be readily removable from the airplane.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (b). If a TSO-C70 liferaft is used, in order to be considered approved for use on transport category airplanes, the liferaft must be approved as a Type I liferaft per TSO- C70 (or later revision) or equivalent. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (b)(1). The determination of life raft requirements in this regard is based on the desired occupancy (crew and passengers), and the normal and overload ratings of the rafts. For a given desired occupancy, all occupants must be accommodated in the rafts without exceeding the normal capacity ratings of all the rafts combined. In addition, for that same desired occupancy, the loss of the largest rated raft is assumed. In that event, the same occupancy must be accommodated in the remaining rafts without exceeding the overload capacity ratings of all the remaining rafts combined. Therefore, the minimum number of life rafts is two since an airplane with only one life raft can not comply with this requirement.
(Amendment 25-0)
(3) Paragraph (b)(2). The trailing line is for tying rafts together. The following are quoted from the applicable TSOs. The trailing line is referred to as the heaving-trailing line.
(Amendment 25-0)
(i) TSO-C12c. Paragraph 4.2.3 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and with a tensile strength of not less than 250 lbs containing a floatable device of suitable size and weight, shall be located on the main flotation tube(s) near the sea anchor attachment and shall be accessible from either side of the raft. (Amendment 25-0) (A) NOTE: This line is considered as being the trailing line required by CAR 4b.645(a) (Section 25.1415(b)(2) of the CFR).
(ii) TSO-C69a. Paragraph 4.9 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length and at least 250 lbs strength must be located on the main flotation tube near the sea anchor attachment. The attach point of the line must withstand a pull of not less than 1.5 times the line rated strength without damage to the slide/raft. (Amendment 25-0)
(iii) TSO-C70a. Paragraph 5.4 “HEAVING-TRAILING LINE.” At least one floating heaving-trailing line not less than 75 feet in length for Type I rafts and not less than 35