633 SECTION 25.1447 EQUIPMENT STANDARDS FOR OXYGEN DISPENSING UNITS
971. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flightcrew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules of this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow rate must be automatically presented to the occupants. The total number of dispensing units and outlets must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent.
The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable.
(2) Crewmembers on flight deck duty must be provided with demand equipment. In addition, there must be an oxygen dispensing unit, connected to an oxygen supply terminal, immediately available to each flight crewmember when seated at his station.
(3) There must be at least two outlets and units of dispensing equipment of a type similar to that required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph in-
(i) Each washroom; and
(ii) Each lavatory, if separate from the washroom.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats, bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). The 10 percent extra mask requirement applies to certification for operation above 25,000 feet rather than 30,000 feet as might be thought based on the regulation wording. The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(3) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0)
972. AMENDMENT 25-41, Effective September 1, 1977.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flight crew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules of this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
[(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant, wherever seated. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow must be automatically presented to the occupants before the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 feet and the crew must be provided with a manual means to make the dispensing units immediately available in the event of failure of the automatic system. The total number of dispensing units and outlets must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent. The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable.
(2) Each flight crewmember on flight deck duty must be provided with demand equipment. In addition, each flight crewmember must be provided with a quickdonning type of oxygen dispensing unit, connected to an oxygen supply terminal, that is immediately available to him when seated at his station, and that is designed and installed so that it-
(i) Can be placed on the face from its ready position, properly secured, scaled, and supplying oxygen upon demand, with one hand within five seconds and without disturbing eyeglasses or causing delay in proceeding with emergency duties; and
(ii) Allows, while in place, the performance of normal communication functions.]
(3) There must be at least two outlets and units of dispensing equipment of a type similar to that required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph in-
(i) Each washroom; and
(ii) Each lavatory; if separate from the washroom.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats, bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). In order to be assured the dispensing units (masks) are presented before the cabin altitude exceeds 15,000 feet, all system tolerances should be considered.
Generally, the aneroid has a broad altitude range of actuation: as much as 2000 feet. It will be acceptable if the upper altitude limit is such as 14,500 feet, thus assuring that the masks will be presented by a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. This identical guidance has been applied since Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. This altitude was associated with the requirements of § 25.841(a) (CAR 4b.374(b)), which requires a cabin altitude of no more than 15,000 feet after a reasonably probable pressurization system failure and § 121.329(c)(3) which requires that 100 percent of the passengers be provided oxygen above a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. (Amendment 25-41)
(3) Paragraph (c)(1). The 10 percent extra mask requirement applies to certification for operation above 25,000 feet rather than 30,000 feet as might be thought based on the regulation wording. The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all
637 times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0)
973. AMENDMENT 25-87, Effective July 5, 1996.
a. Regulation.
If oxygen dispensing units are installed, the following apply:
(a) There must be an individual dispensing unit for each occupant for whom supplemental oxygen is to be supplied. Units must be designed to cover the nose and mouth and must be equipped with a suitable means to retain the unit in position on the face. Flight crew masks for supplemental oxygen must have provisions for the use of communication equipment.
(b) If certification for operation up to and including 25,000 feet is requested, an oxygen supply terminal and unit of oxygen dispensing equipment for the immediate use of oxygen by each crewmember must be within easy reach of that crewmember.
For any other occupants, the supply terminals and dispensing equipment must be located to allow the use of oxygen as required by the operating rules in this chapter.
(c) If certification for operation above 25,000 feet is requested, there must be oxygen dispensing equipment meeting the following requirements:
[(1) There must be an oxygen dispensing unit connected to oxygen supply terminals immediately available to each occupant wherever seated, and at least two oxygen dispensing units connected to oxygen terminals in each lavatory. The total number of dispensing units and outlets in the cabin must exceed the number of seats by at least 10 percent. The extra units must be as uniformly distributed throughout the cabin as practicable. If certification for operation above 30,000 feet is requested, the dispensing units providing the required oxygen flow must be automatically presented to the occupants before the cabin pressure altitude exceeds 15,000 feet.
638 The crew must be provided with a manual means of making the dispensing units immediately available in the event of failure of the automatic system.
(2) Each flight crewmember on flight deck duty must be provided with a quickdonning type oxygen dispensing unit connected to an oxygen supply terminal. This dispensing unit must be immediately available to the flight crewmember when seated at his station, and installed so that it:]
(i) Can be placed on the face from its ready position, properly secured, sealed, and supplying oxygen upon demand, with one hand, within five seconds and without disturbing eyeglasses or causing delay in proceeding with emergency duties; and
(ii) Allows, while in place, the performance of normal communication functions.
[(3) The oxygen dispensing equipment for the flight crewmembers must be:
(i) The diluter demand or pressure demand (pressure demand mask with a diluter demand pressure breathing regulator) type, or other approved oxygen equipment shown to provide the same degree of protection, for airplanes to be operated above 25,000 feet.
(ii) The pressure demand (pressure demand mask with a diluter demand pressure breathing regulator) type with mask-mounted regulator, or other approved oxygen equipment shown to provide the same degree of protection, for airplanes operated at altitudes where decompressions that are not extremely improbable may expose the flightcrew to cabin pressure altitudes in excess of 34,000 feet.
(4) Portable oxygen equipment must be immediately available for each cabin attendant.]
b. Guidance.
(1) Paragraph (c)(1). Automatic presentation is acceptable if the dispensing unit (mask) is presented in front of the eyes when the person's head is resting on the seat back cushion with the seat in any position, such as upright, reclined, swiveled or tracked. The mask need not be presented in front of all persons if there is sufficient "crowd awareness," i.e., the vast majority have proper presentation and the others can readily Refer to that the masks have been presented.
These latter persons should have a preflight briefing clearly showing them the location of their mask. The mask should be reachable with the seat belt fastened. In some seating arrangements, such as executive interiors, the various seat positions result in many different combinations of occupant groupings. Each combination should have an adequate number of masks reachable by every person. Consideration should be given to minimizing the likelihood of persons taking the wrong mask, thus depriving another person of their mask. If the mask must be pulled to initiate oxygen flow, the mask should be presented so that the person must pull the mask to don it. The 5th percentile female and 95th percentile male should be considered. For such as sleeper seats,
639 bunks or lavatories, a streamer of webbing attached to the mask is acceptable to enable the person to pull the mask down to them. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Paragraph (c)(1). In order to be assured the dispensing units (masks) are presented before the cabin altitude exceeds 15,000 feet, all system tolerances should be considered.
Generally, the aneroid has a broad altitude range of actuation: as much as 2000 feet. It will be acceptable if the upper altitude limit is such as 14,500 feet, thus assuring that the masks will be presented by a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. This identical guidance has been applied since Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. This altitude was associated with the requirements of § 25.841(a) (CAR 4b.374(b)), which requires a cabin altitude of no more than 15,000 feet after a reasonably probable pressurization system failure and § 121.329(c)(3) which requires that 100 percent of the passengers be provided oxygen above a cabin altitude of 15,000 feet. (Amendment 25-41)
(3) Paragraph (c)(1). The reason for these extra masks is stated in the preamble to Amendment 4b-9, effective September 1, 1958, to CAR 4b. "The cabin attendants, in the course of their normal duties may be at any place in the cabin at the time of depressurization. Since at the normal cruising altitude of turbine-powered airplanes sufficient time may not be available for the attendants to return to a designated oxygen station, it is necessary that either a portable oxygen supply be carried by each attendant or that sufficient additional outlets and units of dispensing equipment be immediately available throughout the cabin to insure that it will be attainable at all times." From a practical standpoint, these extra masks can and will also be used for children seated on an adult's lap. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) Paragraph (c)(4). If a portable oxygen bottle is installed for both first aid and flight attendant use, the bottle must be placarded to clearly indicate the quantity of oxygen intended for each purpose. The placard should also indicate which mask, outlet and/or setting should be used.
(Amendment 25-0)
(5) Paragraph (c)(4). Portable oxygen bottles intended for flight attendant use need not be installed at a flight attendant station. The bottles should have, to the degree practicable, a uniform distribution in the cabin and be immediately available. There need only be one bottle for each required flight attendant: to comply with § 121.391 or for example, if more flight attendants are used in the evacuation test, the higher number is required. There need not be one bottle for each flight attendant seat. (Amendment 25-0) 974 - 1010. [RESERVED]
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641 SECTION 25.1451 FIRE PROTECTION FOR OXYGEN EQUIPMENT 1011. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) Oxygen equipment and lines may not be in any designated fire zone.
(b) Oxygen equipment and lines must be protected from heat that may be generated in, or escape from, any designated fire zone.
(c) Oxygen equipment and lines must be installed so that escaping oxygen cannot cause ignition of grease, fluid, or vapor accumulations that are present in normal operation or as a result of failure or malfunction of any system.
b. Guidance. Oxygen distribution systems are considered as part of the interior and should meet the applicable standards of § 25.853. (Amendment 25-0) 1012. AMENDMENT 25-72, Effective August 20, 1990.
The Section 25.1451 was relocated to Section 25.869(c) at Amendment 25-72.
1013 - 1040. [RESERVED]
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643 SECTION 25.1541 MARKINGS AND PLACARDS—GENERAL 1041. REGULATION IN EFFECT AT ADOPTION OF PART 25.
a. Regulation.
(a) The airplane must contain-
(l) The specified markings and placards; and
(2) Any additional information, instrument markings, and placards required for safe operation if there are unusual design, operating, or handling characteristics.
(b) Each marking and placard prescribed in paragraph (a) of this section-
(l) Must be displayed in a conspicuous place; and
(2) May not be easily erased, disfigured, or obscured.
b. Guidance.(l) Placards indicating emergency equipment should be approximately at eye level and should not blend in with the surrounding decor. A color contrast that complies with § 25.811(f)(2) is acceptable. If the emergency equipment is located in an upper or lower compartment, the eye level placard should have an arrow indicating the compartment. Each compartment containing emergency equipment such as life preservers, rafts, slides, slide/rafts, or fire extinguishers should be placarded as to its contents. For small executive airplanes which may not allow placards to be located at eye level, the placards should be located in as conspicuous a location as practicable. (Amendment 25-0)
(2) Placards should be in English and of command type wording. Bilingual placards are acceptable. Required placards and markings not in English do not meet U.S. type design requirements. (Amendment 25-0)
(3) Symbolic placards have been approved for certain emergency equipment and passenger information signs. Refer to Appendix 2. (Amendment 25-0)
(4) There should be placards on stowage units, overhead bins, dog houses, etc., that state that the doors, drawers, etc., should be latched or secured closed for taxi, take-off and landing. (Amendment 25-0)
(5) Unless there is a partition to protect emergency equipment, stowage units that contain emergency equipment should be placarded for soft articles only, no stowage, or emergency equipment only, to preclude damage to the equipment and the possibility of the equipment being hidden by other articles placed in the compartment. (Refer to paragraphs 101b(1), 801b(1)(ii), and 1101b(2).) (Amendment 25-0)
(6) Galley and stowage unit doors, drawers, etc., that interfere with the opening of an emergency exit should be spring-loaded closed. The evaluation for interference is made with the stowage unit door in any position and opening the emergency exit from either the inside or the outside. If it is not possible to spring load the door, drawers, etc., there should be a special emphasis placard to close and latch for taxi, takeoff, and landing. (Refer to paragraph 411b(2)( ii).) (Amendment 25-0)
(7) Curtains in aisles and passageways should be placarded to be fastened open for taxi, takeoff, and landing. The placards should be visible from both sides of a curtain installed across an aisle and from at least the aisle side of a curtain installed across a passageway to an exit.
(Refer to paragraph 411b(2)(ii).) (Amendment 25-0)
(8) Divided compartments should, for maximum clarity, have each section placarded for its weight limit. Alternatively, however, a single placard identifying a compartment load limit may be allowed, provided that the placarded load can be distributed among the sections in any manner and the placard is located such that it is visible throughout the loading process and it is clear that it applies to the entire compartment.. (Refer to paragraph 101b(2).) (Amendment 25-0)
(9) Load limit placards on galleys and stowage units should take into account the critical load distribution. (Amendment 25-0)
(10) Appendix 2 contains an illustrated listing of acceptable symbolic regulatory messages. (Amendment 25-0)
(11) All compartments should be placarded in such a way that the placarding is visible to the individual loading the compartment prior to the installation of dedicated items (e.g., carts, standard meal containers, coffee makers, etc) or during the loading of loose items. The placard should be visible without additional movement of articles beyond that required for loading the compartment. (Amendment 25-0)
(12) When a compartment is designed to contain more than one cart with side restraint dependent upon adjacent cart(s), a placard must be installed requiring installation of the adjacent cart(s) or no carts, as applicable, to assure adequate restraint during taxi, takeoff, and landing.
The placard must be specific and located adjacent to the applicable compartment and must be visible during compartment loading (Refer to paragraph 123a). (Amendment 25-0)
(13) Paragraph (b)(2). The intent of the regulation is for the information included on the placarding to remain legible to the occupants needing the information. Placards that can be easily removed do not meet the intent of this regulation. (Amendment 25-0) 1042 - 1060. [RESERVED]