EZAP WORKSHEET 3B - For Programs without a Dedicated Zonal Inspection Program (ZIP) 05/04/10 Enhanced Zonal Analysis - Inspection Level Determination Based on Zone Size, Density, and Potential Impact of Fire (step 8 of figure 1, refer to figure 2) Zone Number: Zone Description:
Density / Zone Size -• Zone Size Inspection Level Determination Based on Potential Effect of Fire in the Zone
• Assessment Small Medium Large • Size / Density Factor 2 Low 1 2 GVI of all EWIS in zone at GVI of all EWIS in zone at GVI of all EWIS in zone at Low same interval same interval same interval Density Medium 2 2 Effects of Potential Medium GVI of all EWIS in zone at same interval same interval + GVI of some GVI of all EWIS in zone at EWIS at more frequent GVI of all EWIS in zone at same interval + GVI of some EWIS at more Fire in the Zone interval frequent interval High 3 GVI of all EWIS in zone at GVI of all EWIS in zone at GVI of all EWIS in zone at same interval + GVI of some same interval + GVI of some High same interval + GV of some EWIS at more EWIS at more frequent EWIS at more frequent Circle appropriate result & insert below frequent interval interval and/or DET of some EWIS interval and/or DET of some EWIS RESULT Circle appropriate result and answer questions in the boxes below YES Answers and Explanations
1. Is a GVI alone 2. List zone effective for all EWIS in description and interval?* the zone at the same NO boundaries for GVI of all EWIS in the zone The tables on this sheet are used to select an inspection level based on zone size, density, and potential effect of fire in the zone. These factors are used to determine if a GVI of all EWIS in the zone at the same interval is adequate, or if some EWIS requires a more frequent GVI, or even a DET.
3. Define specific items/areas in the This worksheet is designed for operators whose existing maintenance zone for which GVI at program does not include a dedicated zonal inspection program. The Some EWIS requires more frequent minimum outcome of this analysis will always be a GVI of all EWIS in any GVI at more frequent interval is justified zone where the presence of combustible materials is possible and/or interval and/or DET wiring is located in close proximity to both primary and backup hydraulic or mechanical flight controls.
inspection
4. Define specific If a GVI of all EWIS in the zone at the same interval is adequate, the * If answer to box 1 is "YES," answer box 2 only and then continue the analysis on worksheet 4 in order to items/areas in the zone for which a DET analyst must identify the inspection requirement as "GVI of all EWIS in the zone" (box 2) and proceed to worksheet 4 to determine the GVI interval. Appendix A AC 25-27A determine the task interval. is justified If a GV of all EWIS in the zone at the same interval is not adequate, then If answer to box 1 is "NO." answer boxes 2, 3, and 4, the analyst must identify the specific items/areas in the zone where a and then continue the analysis on worksheet 4 in order to more frequent GVI (box 3) and/or a DET (box 4) is justified.
determine the task interval.
EZAP WORKSHEET 4 - Intervals Based on "A" and "C" Checks 05/04/10 Enhanced Zonal Analysis - Interval Determination Based on Hostility of Environment and Likelihood of Accidental Damage (step 8 of figure 1, refer to figure 2) Zone Number: Zone Description:
Likelihood of Accidental Damage Hostility of Environment Enter Number Here L 1 - Passive / 2 - Moderate / 3 - Severe Enter Number Here 1 - Passive / 2 - Moderate / 3 - Severe Ground handling equipment Temperature Foreign object debris (FOD) Vibration Weather effects (hail, rain, etc.)
Chemicals (toilet fluids, de-icing fluid, etc.)
Frequency of maintenance activities Humidity Fluid spillage Contamination Passenger Traffic Other Other Enter the Highest Number Here Enter the Highest Number Here Likelihood of Accidental Damage Interval Determination Interval selection is specific to each task identified on 2 3 worksheet 3A or 3B. For GV of entire zone, consider overall 1 14, 400 - 21,600 60 - 90 M 4C - 6C FH 7,200 - 14,400 FH 30 - 60 M 2C - 4C 3,600 - 7,200 FH 15 - 30 M 1C - 2C zone environment and likelihood of damage. For stand-alone GVI or DET, consider environment and likelihood of damage inspection. only in respect to the specific item/area defined for Examples of task interval ranges NOTE: Interval ranges are quoted in the rating table to 2C - 6C 1C - 4C A - 1C Hostility of 2 7,200 - 21,600 FH 3.600 - 14,400 FH 450 - 3,600 FH explain a typical arrangement of values. For a particular Environment 30 - 90 M 15 - 60 M 1 - 15 M application, these must be compatible with the interval framework used in the existing maintenance or inspection program (as detailed in the current MRBR). They may be 1C - 6C 1C - 4C A - 1C expressed in terms of usage parameter (for example, flight 3 3.600 - 21.600 FH 3,600 - 14,400 FH 450 - 3.600 FH hours or calendar time) or in terms of letter check.
15 - 90 M 15 - 60 M 1 - 15 M The inspection frequency should be based on increasing risk Appendix A AC 25-27A RESULT of accidental damage and increasing severity of the local Upon completion, enter all task and interval selections onto environment within the zone. In other words, the more worksheet 5, Task Summary ratings identified as moderate and severe should drive the inspection towards the lower end of the interval.
Enhanced Zonal Analysis - Task Summary EZAP WORKSHEET 5 05/04/10 Zone Number: Zone Description:
TASK SUMMARY Task Number Access Task Interval Task Description and Applicable Comments/Rationale/Assumptions Appendix A AC 25-27A
Appendix B
Appendix B
1. Evaluating Whether a Design Change Impacts Previously Approved EWIS ICA and Developing any Necessary New or Revised ICA as Required by § 26.11(c) or § 25.1729.
a. Section 26.11(c) requires that applicants for amendments to type certificates (TCs), supplemental type certificates (STCs), and changes to STCs evaluate whether the design changes for which approval is sought require revisions to previously approved EWIS ICA.
b. Section 26.11(c) applies to all design changes (provided the design change is related to an affected airplane model as determined by § 26.11(a)), not just those that include EWIS modifications. For example, if an applicant proposes to modify stow bin latches, it should be relatively easy for the applicant to make a statement that the EWIS ICA are not impacted. On the other hand, if an applicant introduces a new hydraulic line, or creates a hole in a zone that previously did not have one, some of the previously developed EWIS ICA may be impacted. For example, the modification may introduce new sources of contamination that were not previously addressed by the EWIS ICA.
c. This appendix provides guidance to help the applicant determine whether the proposed modification impacts previously approved EWIS ICA. It also provides guidance to help applicants meet the compliance plan requirements of § 26.11(e) if no EWIS ICA additions or revisions are necessary. Section 26.11(e) requires applicants for amended TCs, STCs, and changes to existing STCs to submit a compliance plan to the FAA for approval if the date of application for the modification was prior to the effective date of § 26.11 and the certificate was issued on or after the effective date. If following the logic in flowchart 1 results in a determination that the previously approved EWIS ICA must be revised because of the modification, guidance for developing and submitting a compliance plan to the FAA oversight office may be found in AC 26-1, Part 26, Continued Airworthiness and Safety Improvements.
Note: Each person (applicant) identified in § 26.11(d)(1), (d)2), and (d)(4) must comply with the requirements of § 26.11(e) no matter what the nature of the modification for which they are seeking approval—even if the modification does not require a revision to previously approved EWIS ICA.
d. You can determine whether an amended TC, STC, or changes to an existing STC (referred to in this appendix as a “modification”) requires revision to previously approved EWIS ICA by following the process outlined in flowchart 1 of this appendix.
e. When using flowchart 1 of this appendix, you should refer to the guidance in the body of the AC, and appendix A for additional help, in understanding the questions being asked and the assumptions you should make while following the various logic steps of flowchart 1.
f. This appendix should also be used for design change proposals for which § 25.1729 is included in the certification basis.
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Appendix B Flowchart 1 Development of EWIS ICA for Design Changes 1 Does the design change:
• Install new, or modify existing, EWIS in the zone(s)? -OR
• Install, or modify existing, wire or other EWIS components, that will result in those components being located within 2 in / 50mm of BOTH primary AND backup hydraulic, mechanical, or electrical flight controls? -OR-
• Increase the density of zone? (for example, by adding a new airplane system or -NO adding components to an existing system) -OR-
• Introduce the possibility of new contaminants or combustibles in the zone? (for example, by adding or revising hydraulic or fuel components, by a structural modification) -OR- No further analysis is required
• Install, or modify, existing, EWIS or other systems that would increase the negative potential effects if a fire were to occur in the zone?
YES Are you the holder of the airplane models type certificate, or do you have access to the most recent EZAP analysis performed on the zone(s) you are modifying, or all design and installation data that is necessary to answer all the questions that are asked while performing the EZAP analysis as described in appendix A of this YES AC? NO Go to page 2 of this Go to page 3 of this flowchart flowchart Submit a statement to the FAA oversight office, ACO, or office of the Transport Airplane Directorate, as applicable, stating there is no impact to previously approved EWIS ICA and provide a detailed rationale of the reasons that this conclusion was reached. The following statement can be used for this purpose:
"The modification has been reviewed per the guidance provided in FAA AC 25-27. It has been determined that the modification does not necessitate a revision to the EWIS ICA that were required to be developed by § 26.11(b) / § 25.1729* 1: A design change means any change to an existing type design accomplished through any of the following:
- Amended type certificate, including service bulletin design changes, (Sic) lemental type cerificate
- Changes to an existing STC B-2
Appendix B Flowchart 1, Page 2 From Flowchart, Page 1, Step 4 Perform an EZAP on the zone(s) you are modifying per the guidance contained in Are there existing EWIS ICA Appendix A of this AC. After doing this (i.e., FAA approved EWIS ICA -NO you can then determine if any existing prior to your modification) for EWIS ICA are adequate, need revising, or the zone(s) that were modified?
if new ICA are necessary YES Submit any EWIS ICA Since there are existing Since you have access to developed in Step 6 to the EWIS ICA for the zone(s) you the most recent EZAP for FAA Oversight Office for must now determine if these the zone(s) or to the review and approval. If the existing ICA are adequate for necessary design and EZAP did not identify any the modified zone(s), if they installation data you can necessary maintenance and need to be revised, or if easily make this inspection tasks, then submit a additional ICA are necessary determination statement to the FAA Oversight Office stating this Since you answered YES to 11 one or more of the questions in Will the existing EWIS ICA The existing EWIS ICA are not adequate for the modified zones Step 1 (i.e., you added or result in the complete You must submit new or revised EWIS ICA for the zone(s) being modified EWIS, non-EWIS inspection of all EWIS modified to the FAA Oversight Office for review and approval.
modifications, or a combination components, made structural design change, or clean the added or modified by the NO These new or revised EWIS ICA must be based on the results of an EZAP performed per the guidance contained in Appendix A of these to the zone(s), answer zone of any contaminants of this AC? Remember the EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA the following questions: or combustibles added by must comply with the identification and documentation the design change? requirements of part 25, appendix B, section H25.5(b).
Revise existing EWIS ICA or create new EWIS ICA as necessary based on the design change's impact on the various rating tables Did the addition/modification of and access requirements and assigned ratings contained in the these items cause the previously Submit them EWIS ICA to the FAA Oversight Office for review and approval. Remember the EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA must size/density table, or potential comply with the identification and documentation requirements of effects of fire table to increase in part 25, appendix B, section H25.5(b).
value (e.g., from a 2 to 3 or low to medium)?
-YES Did the addition/modification of these items cause an increase in YES the values assigned previously in 'ES the Hostility of Environment of Likelihood of Accidental Damage ratings?
Did the addition/modification of these items cause an increase NO in the values assigned previously in the Hostility of Environment of Likelihood of 2: Ensure that any new or Accidental Damage ratings?
revised EWIS ICA remain compatible with ICA developed to comply with SFAR 88 and Did the modification alter the that any redundant requirements access requirements for the between the EWIS and SFAR existing EWIS ICA? In other 88 ICA are minimized (as The existing EWIS ICA can be considered as words, can the existing ICA required by 26.11(c)(2). Refer adequate and no further analysis is necessary. be accomplished using the to paragraph 2.c(2) in the main Submit a statement to the FAA Oversight access requirements body of this AC for more Office or ACO, as applicable stating there is associated with the existing information on this requirement. no impact to previously approved EWIS ICA task?
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Appendix B Flowchart 1, Page 3 B approved EWIS ICA for Are there existing FAA- the zone(s) that you -NO EWIS ICA for the zone(s) you are modifying, you now must Since there are no existing develop applicable and Go to Page 4 of this Flowchart have modified or are effective EWIS ICA inspection proposing to modify? or restoration tasks -YES- Since there are existing EWIS ICA for the zone(s) you At a minimum there will be an existing Zonal GVI for must now determine if these the zone that has been designated as an EWIS ICA. Are there other existing EWIS existing ICA are adequate for The Zonal GVI inspects everything in the zone, so ICA for the zone besides the the modified zone(s), if they anything added or revised by your modification will be Zonal GVI? -YES- need to be revised, or if inspected during the performance of the zonal task. - Stand-alone GVI additional ICA are necessary. Be sure that you use the However, if there are no other EWIS ICA other than the zonal GVI, you must determine if the zonal GVI - DET (detailed inspection) latest FAA-approved EWIS remains applicable and effective for all EWIS in the Restoration (cleaning) ICA for the zone(s) zone after you modification is installed 20A Go to Page 5 of this Flowchart Does the modification Does the modification:
introduce new combustibles or -NO Increases the potential negative safety effects of a contaminants to the zone that can be cleaned?? fire in the zone by introducing flammable vapors or other combustibles where it is not possible to identify an effective and applicable cleaning task? Does the modification:
OR Create a cleaning task to clean the zone at * At (ter tee ANG, or high area carying -NO areas of the zone where prior to Result in wire being installed in an interval not less than the point in the system EWIS to the zone where prior to the the modification there was no existing maintenance program where there modification there were none? wiring?
is planned access. NOTE: If your OR modification introduced the possibility of Install, or modify existing EWIS that will result in the vapors or mist then it is not possible to EWIS being located within 2 in / 50mm of BOTH identify a task to "clean the zone of vapors" primary AND backup hydraulic, mechanical, or for example. However, you can still identify electrical flight controls?
a task to clean any contaminants within the NO zone if your modification has the potential to introduce them to the zone. For example the addition of hydraulic components - if there is an un-shrouded pipe or joints that could leak hydraulic fluid, then the task should be to clean any leaked fluid.
The existing EWIS ICA inspection (DET) for Create a detailed the revised or modified modified EWIS within Create a Stand-alone GVI for the revised or considered as adequate INSPECTIONS can be and no further new or EWIS within the zone the zone at an interval revised EWIS Inspection 3: Refer to the discussion for Step that of the existing at an interval equal to Zonal GVI equal to that of the existing Zonal GVI tasks are necessary. statement to the FAA Submit a compliance 4 and Step 5 of the Appendix A Oversight Office EZAP procedure starting on page A-6 of this AC for guidance in helping you to determine if there are, or likely to be, combustible materials in the zone and defining an effective task to significantly reduce the likelihood of Submit the new EWIS inspection tasks and any cleaning tasks created in Step 22 to the accumulation of combustible FAA Oversight Office for review and approval.
materials. In addition the main Refer to paragraphs 6, 7, and 9 of this AC for guidance on what data the FAA considers body of the AC has more necessary to be included in an EWIS ICA. Remember the EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA discussion on this topic starting at must comply with the identification and documentation requirements of part 25, appendix paragraph 13. B, section H25.5(b).
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Appendix B Flowchart 1, Page 4 29A Create a cleaning task to clean the zone at an interval not less than the point in the From Flowchart, existing maintenance program where there Page 3, Step 17A is planned access. NOTE: If your 29 modification introduced the possibility of Does the modification identify a task to "clean the zone of vapors" vapors or mist then it is not possible to C • introduce new combustibles or YES for example. However, you can still identify contaminants to the zone that can be cleaned?? zone if your modification has the potential to a task to clean any contaminants within the introduce them to the zone. For example the addition of hydraulic components - if there is an un-shrouded pipe or joints that NO could leak hydraulic fluid, then the task should be to clean any leaked fluid.
30 Does the modification:
Increases the potential negative safety effects of a fire in the zone by introducing combustibles or contaminants to the zone where before none existed? OR Add power feeder EWIS or other high current carrying EWIS (>16 AWG) or critical airplane system EWIS to the zone where prior to the modification there were none? OR Install, or modify existing EWIS that will result in the EWIS being located within 2 in / 50 mm of BOTH primary AND backup hydraulic, mechanical, or electrical flight controls?
30А Create a detailed inspection (DET) for the revised or modified EWIS within the zone at an interval equal to that of the existing Zonal GVI Designated the existing zonal GVI as an
EWIS ICA -YES- Submit the EWIS ICA to the FAA Oversight Office for review and approval. Refer to paragraphs 6, 7, and 9 of this AC for guidance on what data the FAA considers necessary to be included in an EWIS ICA. Remember the EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA must comply with the identification and documentation requirements of part 25, appendix B, section H25.5(b).
З0B Create a Stand-alone GVI for the revised or modified EWIS within the zone at an interval equal to that of the existing Zonal GVI NO Designated the existing zonal GVI as an
EWIS ICA Submit the EWIS ICA to the FAA Oversight Office for review and approval. Refer to to paragraphs 6, 7, and 9 of this AC for guidance on what data the FAA considers necessary to be included in an EWIS ICA. Remember the EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA must comply with the identification and documentation requirements of part 25, appendix B, section H25.5(b).
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Appendix B Flowchart 1, Page 5 From Page 3 32 Step 20A Is there an existing cleaning tasks designated as an EWIS new combustibles or contaminants Does the modification introduce YES ICA that will effectively clean the new combustibles or -NO to the zone that can be cleaned?? contaminants introduced by the modification?
NO Create a cleaning task to clean the zone at an interval not less than the point in the Since there is a Stand-alone existing maintenance program where there GVI, DET, or both, EWIS is planned access. NOTE: If your inspection tasks for the zone modification introduced the possibility of besides the Zonal GVI, you vapors or mist then it is not possible to need to determine if these, identify a task to "clean the zone of vapors" remain applicable and effective for example. However, you can still identify for all EWIS in the zone after a task to clean any contaminants within the the modification is installed zone if your modification has the potential to introduce them to the zone. For example the addition of hydraulic components - if there is an un-shrouded pipe or joints that could leak hydraulic fluid, then the task should be to clean any leaked fluid Does the modification:
Increases the potential negative safety effects of a fire in the zone by introducing flammable vapors or 35A other combustibles where it is not possible to identify an effective and applicable cleaning task? OR modification is installed, will inspection that, after the Is there an existing DET inspection (DET) for the revised or modified Create a detailed Added power feeder EWIS or other high current EWIS within the zone YES fully inspect the EWIS that NO carrying EWIS (>16 AWG) or critical airplane system EWIS to the zone where prior to the modification there were none? your modification and the EWIS that it was originally was added or revised by that of the existing at an interval equal to Stand-alone or DET OR intended to inspect? inspections Install, or modify existing EWIS that will result in the EWIS being located within 2 in / 50mm of BOTH primary AND backup hydraulic, mechanical, or electrical flight controls?
NO After the modification, will the existing EWIS ICA (other than the zonal GVI) fully The existing EWIS ICA inspect the EWIS that was added or revised by your considered as adequate INSPECTIONS can be Submit the new EWIS inspection tasks and any cleaning tasks created in Step XX to the FAA that it was originally intended modification and the EWIS to inspect? revised EWIS Inspection and no further new or tasks are necessary. guidance on what data the FAA considers necessar Refer to to paragraphs 6, 7, and 9 of this AC for Oversight Office for review and approval.
NO statement to the FAA Submit a compliance Oversight Office. the identification and documentation requirements of EWIS ICA submitted to the FAA must comply with to be included in an EWIS ICA. Remember the part 25, appendix B, section H25.5(b).
Create a Stand-alone GVI to inspect the EWIS that was added or revised by your modification at an interval equal to that of the existing Zonal GVI B-6
Appendix C
Appendix C Definitions
1. Aging Transport Systems Rulemaking Advisory Committee (ATSRAC)—The ATSRAC was an aviation rulemaking committee, chartered under 49 USC § 106(p)(5) and tasked with providing public recommendations to the FAA. The committee was chartered on January 19, 1999, by FAA Order 1110.127, which stated “The committee’s primary task is to propose such revisions to the Federal Aviation Regulations and associated guidance material as may be appropriate to ensure that non-structural systems in transport airplanes are designed, maintained, and modified in a manner that ensures their continuing operational safety throughout the service life of the airplanes.” The FAA sent a formal sunset letter to the ATSRAC on April 11, 2006.
2. Aircraft Evaluation Group (AEG)—Flight Standards Service (AFS) representatives who know the operational and maintenance aspects of a certification project and are responsible for helping to determine their operational suitability. This role includes providing support to the cognizant ACO in the review and approval of the initial ICA and later changes to it related to the safety initiatives referenced in this AC.
3. Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM)—A manual developed by the manufacturer of a particular airplane that contains information necessary for the continued airworthiness of that airplane.
4. Arc Tracking—A phenomenon in which a conductive carbon path forms across an insulating surface on electrical wiring. This carbon provides a short circuit path through which current can flow. Arc tracking is normally a result of electrical arcing. Arc tracking is also referred to as “carbon arc tracking,” “wet arc tracking,” or “dry arc tracking.”
5. Auxiliary Tanks—Fuel tanks installed in an airplane that make additional fuel available for increasing the flight range of that airplane. The term “auxiliary” means that the tank is secondary to the airplane’s main fuel tanks. Auxiliary tanks have been installed in various locations, including center wing structure, horizontal stabilizers, wings, and cargo compartments.
6. Combustible—For the purposes of this AC, the term combustible refers to the ability of any solid, liquid, or gaseous material to cause a fire to be sustained after removal of the ignition source. The term is used in place of inflammable/flammable. It should not be interpreted as identifying material that will burn when subjected to a continuous source of heat as occurs when a fire develops.
7. Contamination—For the purposes of this AC, wiring contamination refers to either of the following:
• Presence of a foreign material likely to cause degradation of wiring.
• Presence of a foreign material that is combustible, or capable of sustaining a fire after removal of ignition source.
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Appendix C
8. Design Approval Holder (DAH)—The holder of any design approval, including type certificate, amended type certificate, supplemental type certificate, amended supplemental type certificate, parts manufacturer approval, Technical Standard Order (TSO) authorization, letter of TSO design approval, and field approvals. In particular contexts, the term DAH may also refer to applicants for design approvals.
9. Detailed Inspection (DET)—An intensive examination of a specific item, installation, or assembly to detect damage, failure, or irregularity. DET is discussed in greater detail in section 14b(1) of this AC.
10. Effective Task/Task Interval—An “effective” task is an inspection or maintenance task, performed at defined intervals, that will ensure that the desired outcome of the task is achieved.
To be effective the task must reduce the risk of wire failure, to ensure safe operation. For example, a cleaning task to remove contaminants that have accumulated on a wire bundle would be considered effective if it cleaned the bundle sufficiently to minimize the potential of contaminant-induced failure of the bundle, and allow an inspection for wire defects to be performed. The methods and intervals for performing an effective task are developed using a combination of standard industry practices, expert opinion, and engineering judgment from operators, manufacturers, and regulatory authorities. The criteria for the effectiveness of a task should include safety and operational, as well as economic, considerations. Tasks should, at a minimum, be such that they will effectively accomplish all of the following:
• Make identification of failures possible.
• Detect wire degradation with frequent and consistent inspection intervals.
• Reduce the risk of failures.
11. Electrical Wire Interconnection Systems (EWIS)—An EWIS is defined by 14 CFR 25.1701. As defined by that section, EWIS means any wire, wiring device, or combination of these, including termination devices, installed in any area of the airplane for the purpose of transmitting electrical energy between two or more intended termination points. The complete regulatory definition appears in appendix E to this AC.
12. Enhanced Airworthiness Program for Airplane Systems (EAPAS)—A broad initiative designed to enhance the continued safety of airplane wiring systems from their design and installation until their retirement. The initiative is a result of an intensive data-gathering effort on airplane wiring systems done in cooperation with industry. It combines a variety of near- and long-term actions into a plan to increase awareness of wiring system degradation, to implement improved procedures for wiring maintenance and design, and to spread that information throughout the aviation community.
13. Environmentally Sealed Splice—A wire splice that ensures that moisture or fluid will not penetrate the spliced area.
14. Enhanced Zonal Analysis Procedure (EZAP)—A logical process for developing maintenance and inspection instructions for Electrical Wiring Interconnection Systems (EWIS).
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Appendix C
15. FAA Oversight Office—The FAA oversight office is defined by 14 CFR 26.3 as “the aircraft certification office or office of the Transport Airplane Directorate with oversight responsibility for the relevant type certificate, supplemental type certificate, or manufacturer, as determined by the Administrator.”
16. Flammable Fluid Leakage Zone—Any area where flammable liquids or vapors are not intended to be present, but where they might exist due to leakage from flammable-fluid-carrying components (for example, leakage from tanks, lines). These zones are typically identified by the airplane manufacturer. Examples of such areas include:
• Wing leading and trailing edges (including any adjacent compartment such as the strut)
• Farings located below the fuel tanks
• Wheel wells
• Fuel pump enclosures
• Unpressurized areas of the fuselage surrounding fuel tanks
• Areas containing flammable fluid lines or tanks
17. Flight Standards Service (AFS) Offices—Offices located in FAA headquarters responsible for developing guidance and policy for Aircraft Evaluation Group (AEG) personnel and AFS field personnel (maintenance, avionics, and operations aviation safety inspectors) in the conduct of their responsibilities.
18. Fuel Tank Safety (FTS)—FTS, as used in the context of the EAPAS/FTS rule, refers to the operational requirements of 14 CFR parts 91, 121, 125, and 129 that were first issued in the 2001 FAA final rule “Transport Airplane Fuel Tank System Design Review, Flammability Reduction, and Maintenance and Inspection Requirements,” Docket No. FAA-1999-6411. The EAPAS/FTS final rule revised and renumbered these requirements.
19. Functional Failure—Failure of an item to perform its intended function within specified limits.
20. General Visual Inspection (GVI)—A visual examination of an interior or exterior area, installation, or assembly to detect obvious damage, failure, or irregularity. This level of inspection is made from within touching distance unless otherwise specified. A mirror may be necessary to enhance visual access to all exposed surfaces in the inspection area. This level of inspection is made under normally available lighting conditions such as daylight, hangar lighting, flashlight, or droplight and may require removal or opening of access panels or doors. Stands, ladders, or platforms may be required to gain proximity to the area being checked.
21. Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (ICA)—The information documented in accordance with 14 CFR 25.1529, 25.1729, or 26.11 that includes the applicable methods, C-3