Appendix 2
TERM DEFINITION Head Up Display (HUD) A transparent optical display system located level with and between the pilot and the forward windscreen. The HUD displays a combination of control, performance, navigation (NAV), and command information superimposed on the external field of view. It includes the display element, sensors, computers and power supplies, indications and controls. It is integrated with airborne attitude, air data and navigation NAV systems, and as a display of command information is considered a component of the flight guidance system (FGS).
Inadvertent A condition or action that was not planned or intended.
Latent Failure A failure is latent until it is made known to the flightcrew or maintenance personnel. A significant latent failure is one which would, in combination with one or more specific failures or events, result in a hazardous or catastrophic failure condition.
Limit Flight Envelope The outermost flight envelope of the airplane, normally associated with the limit loads of the airplane structure.
Minimum Engage Height The minimum height after takeoff at which the flightcrew is permitted to engage the autopilot. Also referred to as minimum use height takeoff. See “minimum use height.”
Minimum Use Height (MUH) A height specified during airworthiness demonstration or review above which, under standard or specified conditions, a probable failure of a system is not likely to cause a significant path displacement unacceptably reducing flight path clearance from specified reference surfaces (for example, airport elevation) or specified obstacle clearance surfaces.
Minor Transient See “Transient.”
Mode A mode is system configuration that corresponds to a single (or set of) FGS behavior(s).
A2-5
Appendix 2
TERM DEFINITION Mode Reversion An automatic mode change that returns the FGS to a previously engaged mode or to a pre-determined “default” mode for that condition. This may occur due to several reasons, such as specific criteria becoming satisfied or because the FGS cannot perform the currently selected operation. This type of mode change is not requested by the flightcrew and therefore may be unexpected.
Non-Normal Condition A condition or configuration of the airplane that would not normally be experienced during routine flight operations— usually due to failures. Also includes unusual airplane ferry configurations, such as transporting a spare engine or landing gear locked down ferry flight.
Normal Condition Any fault free condition typically experienced in normal flight operations. Operations typically well within the aircraft flight envelope, and with routine atmospheric and environmental conditions.
Normal Flight Envelope The range of altitude and operating speeds that are defined by the airplane manufacturer as consistent with conducting flight operations for which the airplane is designed. This envelope is generally associated with practical, routine operation and/or prescribed conditions, whether all-engine or engine inoperative.
Other Than Normal Condition
The summation of rare normal and non-normal conditions.
Override (of engaged FGS functions) An action taken by the flightcrew intended to prevent, oppose, or alter an operation being conducted by a flight guidance function, without first disengaging that function.
Rare Normal Condition A fault-free condition that is experienced infrequently by the airplane due to severe environmental conditions (for example, significant wind, turbulence, or asymmetric icing).
Redundancy The presence of more than one independent means for accomplishing a given function or flight operation.
A2-6
Appendix 2 A2-7
TERM DEFINITION Select The flightcrew action of requesting functionality or an end state condition.
Significant Transient See “Transient.”
Stability Augmentation System Automatic systems that provide or enhance stability for specific aerodynamic characteristics of an airplane (for example, yaw damper, longitudinal stability augmentation system, Mach trim).
System A combination of components, parts, and elements that are inter-connected to perform one or more specific functions.
Transient A disturbance in the control or flight path of the airplane that is not consistent with response to flightcrew inputs or environmental conditions.
Minor Transient: A transient that would not significantly reduce safety margins and which involves flightcrew actions that are well within their capabilities involving a slight increase in flightcrew workload or some physical discomfort to passengers or cabin crew.
Significant Transient: A transient that would lead to a significant reduction in safety margins, an increase in flightcrew workload, discomfort to the flightcrew, or physical distress to passengers or cabin crew, possibly including non-fatal injuries.
Note: The flightcrew should be able to respond to any significant transient without:
Exceptional piloting skill, alertness, or strength, Forces greater than those given in § 25.143(d), and Accelerations or attitudes in the airplane that might result in further hazard to secured or non-secured occupants.
Warning A flight deck indication that alerts the flightcrew to a nonnormal operational or airplane system requiring immediate recognition. Immediate corrective or compensatory action by the flightcrew is required.
Appendix 3
Appendix 3. Acrony ms
AC Advisory Circular ADI Attitude Director Indicator AFM Airplane Flight Manual AGL Above Ground Level AIM Airman’s Information Manual ARP Aerospace Recommended Practice ATC Air Traffic Control AWO All Weather Operations CDI Course Deviation Indicator CG Center of Gravity CFR Code of Federal Regulations CWS Control Wheel Steering DA Decision Altitude DA(H) Decision Altitude (Height) DME Distance Measuring Equipment EFIS Electronic Flight Instrument System EVS Enhanced Vision System FAA Federal Aviation Administration FCOM Flightcrew Operations Manual FD Flight Director FGS Flight Guidance System FL Flight Level FMA Flight Mode Annunciator FMS Flight Management System GA Go-Around GBAS Ground-Based Augmentation System GLS GBAS Landing System GPWS Ground Proximity Warning System HDD Head Down Display HUD Head Up Display IAS Indicated Airspeed ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization ILS Instrument Landing System IMA Integrated Modular Avionics IMC Instrument Meteorological Conditions LNAV Lateral Navigation A3-1
Appendix 3 A3-2 LOC Instrument Landing System Localizer MDA(H) Minimum Descent Altitude (Height) MLS Microwave Landing System MSL Mean Sea Level MSP Mode Select Panel MUH Minimum Use Height [autopilot] NAV Navigation ND Navigation Display NDB Non Directional Beacon NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking PAN-OPS Procedures for Air Na vigation Services–Operations PF Pilot Flying PFD Primary Flight Display PNF Pilot Not Flying RNAV Area Navigation RNP Required Navigation Performance RTO Rejected Takeoff RVSM Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum SAE Society of Automotive Engineers TCAS Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System TCS Touch Control Steering TERPS Terminal Instrument Procedures TO Takeoff TOGA Takeoff or Go–Around VDF/ MDF Demonstrated Flight Dive Speed/Demonstrated Flight Dive Mach VMO/ MMO Maximum Operating Limit Speed/Maximum Operating Limit Mach VR Rotation Speed VSR Reference Stall Speed (See § 25.103) V2 Takeoff Safety Speed VMC Visual Meteorological Conditions VNAV Vertical Navigation VOR Very High Frequency Omnirange Station WAT Weight Altitude Temperature xLS ILS, MLS, or GLS