US. Department Advisory of Transportation Federal Aviation Circular Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 6/13/2014 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated by: ASW-110 Change: 5
1. PURPOSE.
a. This Advisory Circular (AC) change publishes the new guidance on analyzing an advanced flight controls (AdFC) system installation in normal category rotorcraft.
b. This AC does not change regulatory requirements and does not authorize changes in, or deviations from, regulatory requirements. This AC establishes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance. Since the guidance material presented in this AC is not regulatory, terms having a mandatory definition, such as "shall" and "must," etc., as used in this AC, apply either to the reiteration of a regulation itself, or to an applicant who chooses to follow a prescribed method of compliance without deviation.
2. PRINCIPAL CHANGES. This change adds the miscellaneous guidance section 17 (MG 17), Guidance on Analyzing an Advanced Flight Controls (AdFC) System, to the AC.
3. WEBSITE AVAILABILITY. To access this AC electronically, go to the Advisory Circulars library at http://www.faa.gov/regulations policies/advisory circulars/.
/s/ Kim Smith Kim Smith Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service
AC 27.1B, Chg 4 5/1/2014 Advisory U.S. Department Circular of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 5/1/2014 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated by: ASW-110 Change: 4
1. PURPOSE.
a. This Advisory Circular (AC) publishes needed changes to the existing AC material.
Additionally, there is incorporation of previously approved AC material and non-technical editorial changes to various sections.
b. The change number and the date of the changed material are shown at the top of each page. The vertical lines in the outside margin indicate the beginning and end of each change. Pages that have different page numbers, but no text changes, will retain the previous heading information.
c. This AC does not change regulatory requirements and does not authorize changes in, or deviations from, regulatory requirements. This AC establishes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance. Since the guidance material presented in this AC is not regulatory, terms having a mandatory definition, such as "shall" and "must," etc., as used in this AC, apply either to the reiteration of a regulation itself, or to an applicant who chooses to follow a prescribed method of compliance without deviation.
Z. PRINCIPAL CHANGES.
a. The AC sections previously approved on September 17, 2009 and posted separately to the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL), which are related to the Rotorcraft Performance and Handling Qualities rulemaking, are incorporated in this change 4. Those AC sections that were added or changed are: 27.25A, 27.49, 27.51A, 27.71, 27.73, 27.75A, 27.79, 27.87, 27.143A, 27.173A,
27.175A, 27.177A, 27.903B, 27.1587A, and 27 Appendix B.
b. The changed AC 27 Miscellaneous Guidance (MG) 5 section (Agricultural Dispensing Equipment Installation), previously approved on December 15, 2009 and posted separately to the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL), is incorporated in this change 4.
c. The AC 27.573 section previously approved on December 1, 2011 and posted separately to the Regulatory and Guidance Library (RGL), which is related to the Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Evaluation of Composite Rotorcraft Structures rulemaking, is incorporated in this change 4.
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d. The changed AC 27 MG 6 section (Emergency Medical Service (EMS) Systems Installations Including: Interior Arrangements, Equipment, Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS), Radio Altimeter, and Flight Data Monitoring System), previously approved on February 27, 2014, is incorporated in this change 4.
e. The changed AC 27 MG 18 section (Helicopter Terrain Awareness and Warning System (HTAWS)), previously approved on February 27, 20014, is incorporated in this change 4.
f. This change 4 also includes changes, edits, and additions for these AC sections: 27.29, 27.45,
27.75, 27.79, 27.141, 27.143, 27.151, 27.337, 27.351, 27.561, 27.562, 27.610, 27.783, 27.863, 27.865,
27.865B, 27.871, 27.903B, 27.939, 27.1011, 27.1093, 27.1093A, 27.1187, 27.1309, 27.1316, 27.1317,
27.1329, 27.1337, 27.1357, 27.1435. 27.1501, 27.1543, 27.1549, 27 MG 8, 27 MG 10, 27 MG 13, and 27 MG 22.
3. WEBSITE AVAILABILITY. To access this AC electronically, go to the Advisory Circulars library at http://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/advisory_circulars/.
/s/ Lance T. Gant, for Kim Smith Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service Page ili
Advisory U.S. Department of Transportation Circular Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 9/30/2008 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated by: ASW-110 Change: 3
1. PURPOSE.
a. This Advisory Circular (AC) publishes needed changes to the existing AC material as a result of a safety-focused study.
b. This change revises existing material in 6 sections.
c. The change number and the date of the changed material are shown at the top of each page.
The vertical lines in the right or left margin indicates the beginning and end of each change. Pages that have different page numbers, but no text changes, will retain the previous heading information.
d. This AC does not change regulatory requirements and does not authorize changes in, or deviations from, regulatory requirements. This AC establishes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance. Since the guidance material presented in this AC is not regulatory, terms having a mandatory definition, such as "shall and "must," etc., as used in this AC, apply either to the reiteration of a regulation itself, or to an applicant who chooses to follow a prescribed method of compliance without deviation.
2. PRINCIPAL CHANGES. Sections 27.571, 27.679, 27.695, 27.783, 27.901A, and 27.1351 are revised.
3. WEBSITE AVAILABILITY. To access this AC electronically, log on to http://www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl and then click on AC's.
AC 27.1B, Chg 4 5/1/2014 AC 27-1B, Chg 3
PAGE CONTROL CHART Remove Pages Dated Insert Pages Dated v thru xii .... . 9/30/99 & 4/25/06 v thru xii 9/30/99, 4/25/06, & 9/30/08 C-83 thru C-87 ... .. 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 C-83 thru C-88. .. 9/30/08 D-39 thru D-40 . ..9/30/99 D-39 thru D-40.2 9/30/08 D-45 thru D-46 .. ..9/30/99 D-45 thru D-46.. 9/30/99 & 9/30/08 D-71 thru D-72. ..9/30/99 D-71 thru D-72.2 9/30/99 & 9/30/08 E-5 thru E-6 .. ..9/30/99 E-5 thru E-6 .. .. 9/30/08 F-53 thru F-56. 9/30/99 F-53 thru F-56. 9/30/08 Signed by Scott A. Horn for Mark R. Schilling Acting Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate Aircraft Certification Service Page ii
Advisory of Transportation U.S. Department circular Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 4/25/06 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated ASW-110 Change 2 PURPOSE.
a. This change incorporates all the previously revised AC paragraphs that were posted as accepted and finalized AC material on the FAA RGL website since 2/12/03.
b. This change revises existing material in 13 paragraphs and adds new material for one paragraph.
C. The change number and the date of the changed material are shown at the top of each page. The vertical lines in the right and left margins indicate the beginning and end of each change. Pages that have different page numbers but no text changes will retain the previous heading information.
d. This AC does not change regulatory requirements and does not authorize changes in, or deviations from, regulatory requirements. This AC establishes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance. Since the guidance material presented in this AC is not regulatory, terms having a mandatory definition, such as "shall" and "must," etc., as used in this AC, apply either to the reiteration of a regulation itself, or to an applicant who chooses to follow a prescribed method of compliance without deviation.
PRINCIPAL CHANGES.
a. Paragraphs 27.351, 27.602, 27.672, 27.683, 27.777, 27.1321, 27.1585, MG 1, MG 4, MG 8, MG 16, Appendix A, and Appendix B are revised.
b. The AC material in MG 12 has been revised by a working group and is now contained in AC 27.865B, in Subpart D.
c. New paragraph MG 18, Helicopter Terrain and Awareness Systems (HTAWS), is added to Chapter
3.
d. New figure AC 27.351-2 is added in Chapter 2.
e.New figures AC 27 MG 8-1, MG 8-2, MG 8-3, MG 8-4, MG 18-1, MG 18-2, and MG 18-
2.1 are added in Chapter 3.
WEBSITE AVAILABILITY. To access this AC electronically, log on to http://www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl and then click on AC's.
AC 27.1B, Chg 4 5/1/2014 AC 27-1B, Chg 2
PAGE CONTROL CHART Remove pages Dated Insert Pages Dated v thru x .. 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 v thru x.... 4/12/06 xiii thru xxi. . 2/12/03 xiii thru xx11. 4/12/06 C-9 thru C-86 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 C-9 thru C-87.. 4/12/06 D-1 thru D-58.. 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 D-1 thru D-58 .. ..4/12/06 D-67 thru D-70.. .. 9/30/99 D-67 thru D-70. 4/12/06 D-109 thru D-112 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 D-109 thru D-133 . 4/12/06 F-33 thru F-46.. 9/30/99 F-33 thru F-46.... 4/12/06 G-43 thru G-48.. 9/30/99 G-43 thru G-49 .. 4/12/06 MG 1-15 thru MG 1-17.. 9/30/99 MG 1-15 thru MG 1-16 .. 4/12/06 MG 4-9 thru MG 4-13. 9/30/99 MG 4-9 thru MG 4-13 . .4/12/06 MG 8-1 thru MG 8-15.. 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 MG 8-1 thru MG 8-31 4/12/06 MG 12-1 thru MG 12-42... 9/30/99 & 2/12/03 MG 12-1 .. 4/12/06 MG 16-1 thru MG 16-16 2/12/03 MG 16-1 thru MG 16-18 4/12/06 none MG 17-1 4/12/06 none MG 18-1 thru MG 18-27 .. 4/12/06 Apdx A-47 thru Apdx A-70.. 2/12/03 Apdx B-11 thru Apdx B-20 9/30/99 Apdx A-47 thru Apdx A-71. 4/12/06 Apdx B-11 thru Apdx B-20 .. 4/12/06 David A. Downey Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate Aircraft Certification Service Page ii
Advisory of Transportation U.S. Department circular Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 2/12/03 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated ASW-110 Change
1. PURPOSE.
a. This change revises existing material in 17 paragraphs and adds new material for 12 paragraphs.
The change number and the date of the changed material are shown at the top of each page.
The vertical lines in the right and left margins indicate the beginning and end of each change. Pages that have different page numbers but no text changes will retain the previous heading information.
2. CANCELLATION.
AC 20-95, Fatigue Evaluation of Rotorcraft Structure, May 18, 1976, is canceled in its entirety, and is replaced by material contained in AC 27 MG 11.
b. AC 20-137, Dynamic Evaluation of Seat Restraint Systems & Occupant Restraint for Rotorcraft (Normal and Transport), March 30, 1992, is canceled in its entirety, and is replaced by material contained in AC 27.562.
c. AC text containing references to AC 20-95 and AC 20-137 was either changed or deleted in paragraphs AC 27.2, 27.562, 27.613, 27.785A, 27.865A, 27.907, 27.952, MG 8, and MG 12.
3. PRINCIPAL CHANGES.
a. Paragraphs 27.562, 27.571, 27.1303, 27.1353, 27.1419, 27.1505, 27.1529, MG 5, MG 6, and MG 12 are revised.
b. New paragraphs 27.610A, 27.625A, 27.785B, 27.805, 27.807B, and 27.853A are added to Chapter 2.
c. New paragraphs MG 11, MG 13, MG 14, MG 15, and MG 16 are added to Chapter 3.
f. Appendix A (previously reserved) is added.
New figures AC 27.562-1, 27.562-2, 27.562-3, 27.562-4, 27.562-5, 27.562-6,
27.562-7, and 27.562-8 are added in Chapter 2.
h. New figures AC 27 MG 11-1, 11-2, 11-3, 11-4, 11-5, 11-6, 11-7, 11-8, 11-9, and AC 27 MG 14-1 are added in Chapter 3.
AC 27.1B, Chg 4 5/1/2014
4. WEBSITE AVAILABILITY. To access this AC electronically, log on to http://www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl and then click on AC's.
AC 27-1B, Chg 1
PAGE CONTROL CHART Remove pages Dated Insert Pages Dated iii thru xix... 9/30/99 iii thru xxi... .2/12/03 A-3 thru A-4 9/30/99 A-3 thru A-4 2/12/03 C-43 thru C-50 .. 9/30/99 C-43 thru C-86.. 2/12/03 D-7 thru D-105.. .. 9/30/99 D-7 thru D-112 . 2/12/03 E-9 thru E-10... 9/30/99 E-9 thru E-10 .. ..2/12/03 E-31 thru E-32. 9/30/99 E-31 thru E-32 . 2/12/03 E-39 thru E-44 9/30/99 E-39 thru E-44 ..2/12/03 F-1 thru F-91.. .. 9/30/99 F-1 thru F-102. 2/12/03 G-3 thru G-47... 9/30/99 G-3 thru G-48 .. ..2/12/03 MG 5-3 thru MG 5-6. 9/30/99 MG 5-3 thru MG 5-6. .2/12/03 MG 6-5 thru MG 6-16 9/30/99 MG 6-5 thru MG 6-16 2/12/03 MG 8-5 thru MG 8-6... 9/30/99 MG 8-5 thru MG 8-6 ... .2/12/03 none MG 11-1 thru MG 11-28. 2/12/03 MG 12-21 thru MG 12-24 9/30/99 MG 12-21 thru MG 12-24 2/12/03 MG 12-37 thru MG 12-38 9/30/99 MG 12-37 thru MG 12-38 2/12/03 none MG 13-1 thru MG 13-8 .. .2/12/03 none MG 14-1 thru MG 14-8. 2/12/03 none MG 15-1 thru MG 15-18 2/12/03 none MG 16-1 thru MG 16-16. .2/12/03 none Apdx A-1 thru Apdx A-70 . 2/12/03 Sail s. Sonney David A. Downey Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate Aircraft Certification Service Page ii
Advisory U.S. Department Circular of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Subject: CERTIFICATION OF NORMAL Date: 9/30/99 AC No: 27-1B CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Initiated by: ASW-110 Change:
1. PURPOSE:
a. This is a total revision of AC 27-1A dated 7/30/97, with Change 1 dated 9/30/98, incorporated.
In addition, new material plus changes to existing paragraphs are incorporated. This consolidated version is now renumbered as AC 27-1B and replaces AC 27-1A in its entirety. This revises existing material in 10 paragraphs, adds new material for three paragraphs, and renumbers paragraphs to correspond with Federal Aviation Regulations (FAR) numbering.
b. Requests from the rotorcraft industry to make the document easier to use resulted in renumbering the AC paragraphs to correspond with FAR numbering. The figure numbers are also renumbered accordingly.
c. This AC does not change regulatory requirements and does not authorize changes in, or deviations from, regulatory requirements. This AC establishes an acceptable means, but not the only means, of compliance. Since the guidance material presented in this AC is not regulatory, terms having a mandatory definition, such as "shall" and "must," etc., as used in this AC, apply either to the reiteration of a regulation itself, or to an applicant who chooses to follow a prescribed method of compliance without deviation.
d. This advisory circular provides information on methods of compliance with 14 CFR Part 27, which contains the Airworthiness Standards for Normal Category Rotorcraft. It includes methods of compliance in the areas of basic design, ground tests, and flight tests.
2. CANCELLATION. AC 27-1A, Certification of Normal Category Rotorcraft, dated 7/30/97, is canceled in its entirety.
3. BACKGROUND. Based largely on precedents set during rotorcraft certification programs spanning over 40 years, this AC consolidates guidance contained in earlier correspondence among FAA headquarters, foreign authorities, the rotorcraft industry, and certificating regions.
4. PRINCIPAL CHANGES:
a. Chapter 3 is now titled "Miscellaneous Guidance (MG), Normal Category Rotorcraft," with the following changes:
• Paragraphs that correspond to a FAR number are merged into existing AC text in Chapter 2.
AC 27.1B, Chg 4 5/1/2014
• Paragraphs that do not correspond with a FAR number either remain in Chapter 3 and are renumbered as MG paragraphs, or are now an appendix.
• In order to stay aligned with FAR numbering, Appendices A and C are reserved for future AC material.
b. Paragraphs revised to incorporate technical guidance are AC 21.35, 27.561, 27.952, 27.1305,
27.1309, 27.1351, 27.1353, MG 2, and MG 4 (FADEC). AC 27.661, Rotorblade Clearance, contains new material added as a result of National Transportation Safety Board NTSB) recommendations.
c. New paragraphs added are AC 27.1B and 27.2A, Gross Weight; AC 27.602, Critical Parts; and AC MG 12, External Loads. These paragraphs correspond with recent harmonized regulatory changes.
d. The AC is now divided by Subparts and page numbers reflect the relevant FAR Subpart.
e. "FAA/AUTHORITY" as used in this document means FAA or another airworthiness authority that has adopted this AC as a means of compliance with the appropriate regulation referenced.
5. DEVIATIONS. As rotorcraft designs vary from conventional configurations, it may become necessary to deviate from the methods and procedures outlined in this AC. These procedures are only one acceptable means of compliance with Part 27. Any alternate means proposed by an applicant will be given due consideration. Applicants are encouraged to use their technical ingenuity and resourcefulness to develop more efficient and less costly methods of achieving the objectives of Part 27. Regulatory personnel and designees should respond to such efforts by the use of engineering judgment in fostering any such efforts as long as the letter and spirit of Part 27 and the Federal Aviation Act are respected. It is recommended that unusual or unique projects be coordinated a sufficient time in advance with the Rotorcraft Standards Staff, ASW-110, or with the appropriate airworthiness authority, to ensure timely and uniform consideration.
6. APPLICABILITY. This material is not to be construed as having any legally binding status and must be treated as advisory only. However, to ensure standardization in the certification process, these procedures should be considered during all rotorcraft type certification and supplemental type certification activities.
7. PARAGRAPHS KEYED TO FAR PART 27. Each paragraph has the applicable amendment to Part 27 shown in the title. All of the original guidance material has been retained as appropriate, even as changes are made to the regulations. This is accomplished through the use of "A," "B," etc., paragraphs that follow the original numbered paragraphs. These subsequent paragraphs provide updated guidance information or changes to policy that parallel a specific rule change. The guidance material in the original paragraph (for earlier amendments) still applies and is modified as explained in each of the later paragraphs for later amendments. The applicable amendment number will only appear in the title line for the "A," "B," etc., paragraphs. The guidance material in the initial paragraph is intended to apply to all amendments except as modified by the later paragraphs. Each ensuing "A," "B," etc., paragraph will be identified with an amendment level to indicate the rule change that precipitated the policy change.
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Order 0 Perica Fa erica sort erd desion erectorate far wit Order 8110.4, 1ype Certificatior Eric Bries Acting Manager, Rotorcraft Directorate Aircraft Certification Service Page ili